Assessment of ecosystem services of an urbanized tropical estuary with a focus on habitats and scenarios

Tropical estuaries are one of the most valuable ecosystems on the planet because of the number of ecosystem services they provide. The increasing anthropogenic pressure to which these estuaries are subject has caused a reduction in their natural capital stock. Therefore, the application of a pragmatic and rational ecosystem-based management approach to sustainably manage the multiple ecosystem services provided by this ecosystem is necessary. The aim of our study is to present an approach that combines prospective scenarios with habitat-based perspective to assess the supply capacity of ecosystem services, plus determine the impact of protected areas in an urbanized tropical estuary. The current situation and two scenarios were generated to evaluate the capacity of habitats to supply ecosystem services. This type of assessment will allow the decision makers to visualize the effect of their choices or the occurrence of events which might produce significant changes in the estuary. Thus, over time, measures can be taken to sustain the supply of ecosystem services. We determined that the establishment of protected areas have a positive impact; however, the effect is not the same for all of them. Consequently, indicating that actions such as community participation, research, education, management planning and infrastructure development must accompany the development of a protected area

Expression Patterns of Protein Kinases Correlate with Gene Architecture and Evolutionary Rates

Protein kinase (PK) genes comprise the third largest superfamily that occupy ∼2% of the human genome. They encode regulatory enzymes that control a vast variety of cellular processes through phosphorylation of their protein substrates. Expression of PK genes is subject to complex transcriptional regulation which is not fully understood.Our comparative analysis demonstrates that genomic organization of regulatory PK genes differs from organization of other protein coding genes. PK genes occupy larger genomic loci, have longer introns, spacer regions, and encode larger proteins. The primary transcript length of PK genes, similar to other protein coding genes, inversely correlates with gene expression level and expression breadth, which is likely due to the necessity to reduce metabolic costs of transcription for abundant messages. On average, PK genes evolve slower than other protein coding genes. Breadth of PK expression negatively correlates with rate of non-synonymous substitutions in protein coding regions. This rate is lower for high expression and ubiquitous PKs, relative to low expression PKs, and correlates with divergence in untranslated regions. Conversely, rate of silent mutations is uniform in different PK groups, indicating that differing rates of non-synonymous substitutions reflect variations in selective pressure. Brain and testis employ a considerable number of tissue-specific PKs, indicating high complexity of phosphorylation-dependent regulatory network in these organs. There are considerable differences in genomic organization between PKs up-regulated in the testis and brain. PK genes up-regulated in the highly proliferative testicular tissue are fast evolving and small, with short introns and transcribed regions. In contrast, genes up-regulated in the minimally proliferative nervous tissue carry long introns, extended transcribed regions, and evolve slowly.PK genomic architecture, the size of gene functional domains and evolutionary rates correlate with the pattern of gene expression. Structure and evolutionary divergence of tissue-specific PK genes is related to the proliferative activity of the tissue where these genes are predominantly expressed. Our data provide evidence that physiological requirements for transcription intensity, ubiquitous expression, and tissue-specific regulation shape gene structure and affect rates of evolution

Salt-freshwater dynamics in a subterranean estuary over a spring-neap tidal cycle

This paper presents field measurements and numerical simulations of pore water salinities and groundwater flow in the intertidal zone of an unconfined coastal aquifer over a spring-neap tidal cycle. The study provides insight into the extent and time-scales of mixing between fresh groundwater and recirculating seawater in a tidally influenced subterranean estuary. Salt-freshwater dynamics in subterranean estuaries are currently not well understood despite their potentially important implications for fluxes of chemicals to coastal waters via submarine groundwater discharge. The data and simulation results show that changes in the tidal shoreline excursion over the spring-neap cycle induce significant variations in the intertidal salinity structure. Observed higher frequency salinity fluctuations demonstrate further the intensity and complexity of the salt-freshwater mixing process. In contrast with the salinity variations, fresh groundwater was found to discharge around a distinct intertidal beach slope break throughout the spring-neap period. This suggests that the slope break may affect significantly groundwater flow and salt transport near the shore. Measurements of pH and dissolved oxygen distributions revealed important biogeochemical zonations in the system. These zonations are expected to strongly influence the fate of many reactive chemicals in the nearshore aquifer and their subsequent discharge to coastal waters

A red rosebud [music] : song /

A.E. & Co.2 (Publisher number). For voice and piano.; Cover title.; Pl. no.: A.E. & Co.2.; Printed in England.; Words on p. [2]; "No. 2 in F".; "42nd. Thousand".; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an7721293; MUS: N, MUSM 117035/16

Just memories [music] : song /

"No. 1 in C".; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an9927070

A red rosebud [music] : song /

A. E. & Co. 2 (Publisher number). 11th ed. For voice and piano.; Cover title.; Pl. no.: A.E. & Co. 2.; Printed in England.; "No. 1 in F".; Lyrics also as text on cover verso.; "Eleventh edition".; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an23206378

A red rosebud [music] : song /

Catalogue record generated as part of a batch load; "34th thousand","No. 2 in F".; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-vn5716167