RNA Editing in Hepatitis Delta Virus: Unsolved Puzzles

RNA editing, or post-transcriptional changes in the sequences of RNAs, is being increasingly recognized as an important player in the regulation of gene expression in vertebrates and invertebrates. Different types of RNA editing have been reported. This review discuss the type of RNA editing caused by cellular enzymes known as adenosine deaminases that act on RNAs (ADARs), and it's significance in the lifecycle of an RNA virus, hepatitis delta virus

A significant energy management control strategy for a hybrid source EV

The conceptualization of Electric vehicles has been significant in solving the pollution due to the transportation problem. However, its design and working has not yet been perfected and can be optimized. An effective model of the electric vehicle is the integration of batteries and supercapacitors. In this paper, the optimal sharing of energy between the battery and the supercapacitor is provided by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results reveal that the proposed algorithm can better share the energy between the hybrid sources. The simulations are carried out in MATLAB Simulink platform and the results obtained for ECE-15 driving cycle is presented

Detection of SYBIL Attack using Neighbour Nodes in Static WSN

As wireless sensor network is an emerging technology nowadays, it is prone to many attacks like denial of service, wormhole, clone, Sybil etc. Sybil attack is a harmful attack which affects the sensor network in routing the information. It is a malicious device that it takes multiple fake identities. This malicious device make the sensor node into Sybil node and get the information from other sensor node and send the different information to receiver or it keep the information with itself and delay the information to reach the receiver. To detect the Sybil node, we proposed a TIME-TO- TIME MESSAGE (TTM) model to detect the Sybil attack in wireless sensor network. In this method, each and every node in the sensor network will maintain an observation table for storing node id and location which is useful to detect the Sybil attack. The approach is simulated in a sensor network and the result shows a very good detection rate comparing with other existing algorithms. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.160414

Efficacy of Parental Pedagogy Program to Improve Mothers' Knowledge and Attitudes about Bronchial Asthma

Background: One of the most prevalent chronic respiratory illnesses in children, asthma is becoming a global health concern. It is the main reason for absences from school and the third most common reason for hospitalization in children under the age of 15. Parents, who serve as the patient's main caregiver, are crucial to the disease's management. As a result, the goal of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of parents of asthmatic children in order to change them through parental education. Methods: The One group Pretest - Posttest research design is an adaptation of a quantitative research approach. 50 mothers of children with asthma who were being treated in the pediatric medical ward at the Institute of Child Health in Egmore, Chennai, participated in the study., who were chosen using the purposeful sampling method. Pre-testing was done using a structured interview questionnaire to gauge knowledge, and a four-point Likert scale to evaluate attitude, before the mother was tested and educated regarding bronchial asthma through the PowerPoint slides and information pamphlets were distributed. About 5 days later, the post test was performed. Results: The results show that majority of mothers had inadequate knowledge and negative attitude during pre-test and adequate knowledge and positive attitude was gained after Parental pedagogy Program. The enhancement could be statistically tested using a paired t test, which revealed statistical significance at a p-value of 0.001 for the improvement.  Conclusion: It demonstrates that the Parental Pedagogy Program was successful in raising the level of knowledge and attitude among mothers of asthmatic children

Development of driving cycle under real world traffic conditions: A case study

The modeling of a car is essentially done by taking into consideration the driving terrain, traffic conditions, driver’s behavior and various other factors which may directly or indirectly affect the vehicle’s performance. A vehicle is modeled for given specifications and constraints like maximum speed, maximum acceleration, and braking time, appropriate suspension for the gradient of the road and fuel consumption. Henceforth, a profound study and analysis of different drive cycles are essential. A time dependent drive cycle is a condensed form of data that helps us to determine the time taken to conduct the driving test on the road. This article highlights the development of a real driving cycle in the area of Tamilnadu, India. On-road vehicle’s speeds versus time data were obtained along the selected route. The data obtained were analyzed first and then a new driving cycle was developed

Effectiveness of Mindful Breathing Exercise on Stress among older Adults in Selected Old Age Homes, Puducherry

Aging is the physiological and dynamics process with ongoing on time. Stress is an important issue associated with ageing also and make person under stress and lead to development of Mental health disharmony in daily life and the older person more than 60 years age over 60 % were foresee to lift up at 85% in 2050. Effectiveness of Mindful Breathing Exercise on Stress older Adults in Selected Old Age Homes, Puducherry. Aim: Evaluate effectiveness of mindful Breathing Exercise on stress among older Adults in Selected Old Age Homes. Methodology: Quantitative Research approach with Quasi Experimental Research design of one group pre and post-test was adapted among 60 elderly and selected by using Consecutive Sampling Technique who fulfilled Sampling Criteria. Demographic characteristic and the pretest and post-test level of stress was measured by with Cohen’s Perceived stress scale and Mindful breathing Exercise given for 15 days for 10-15 min daily. Results: The study findings showed that during pre-test majority out of 60 older Adults, 37 (61.66%) have moderate perceived stress, 14(23.33%) have high perceived stress and 9 (15%) have low perceived Stress, and whereas during post-test majority 31 (51.66%) have low perceived stress, 22(36.66%) have moderate perceived stress and 7(11.66%) have high perceived stress. The level of stress score in Post-test (25.070 +3.658) is lower than the pretest level of stress (19.612 4.863) in older Adults. Hence Mindful Breathing Exercise has highly significant at p<0.001 on reducing the Stress among Elderly. Conclusion: The study findings concluded that the stresses among older adults were high and mindful breathing exercise was effective in decreasing the level of stress among older adults

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Systems (IMTA)

The aquaculture production has grown steadily owing to the dramatic expansion in this sector worldwide. During the past three decades production increased from 6.2 million t in 1983 to 70.2 million t in 2013 (FAO, 2015). Aquaculture surpassed the supplies from the capture fisheries and contributed nearly 51% to the global fish production in 2013. This achievement was possible mainly because of the commercialisation of farmproduced aquatic groups such as the shrimps, salmon, bivalves, tilapia and catfish. This sector also benefitted from the significant production of certain low-value freshwater species through integrated farming, intended for domestic production. This growth in marine aquaculture industry, has introduced many apprehensions about the environmental impacts from aquaculture waste. Intensive finfish farming in cages can release significant quantities of nutrients to the farm site, from uneaten feed, faeces and excretory products. These metabolic wastes from farm effluents, mostly ammonia, may contribute to increased nutrients and localised eutrophication in the farm. One of the major challenges for the sustainable development of aquaculture industry is to minimise environmental degradation concurrently with its expansion. Though majority of aquaculture production originate from extensive and semi-intensive farming systems, the recent increase in intensive farming of marine carnivorous fed-species is associated with environmental concerns. Integrating waste generating (fed) and cleaning (extractive) organisms in mariculture is a practical technology for sustainable mariculture. In a balanced integrated system, aquaculture effluents can be converted into commercial crops while restoring water quality

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEEDS

Objective: Secondary metabolites from natural resources are a potential source of antimicrobial leads and drugs can exploited to combat antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms. Seaweeds are considered as a valuable source with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hence, this study was undertaken to screen seaweeds from Mandapam coastal waters, East coast of India, for antimicrobial activity.Methods: Compounds were extracted using methanol from the seaweeds, namely, Halimeda gracilis, Caulerpa serrulata, Sargassum swartzii, Sargassum wightii, Jania rubens, Ulva lactuca, Ulva fasciata, Gracilaria corticata, Stoechospermum marginatum, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Caulerpa taxifolia, Chaetomorpha crassa, Enteromorpha flexuosa, and Turbinaria ornate. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens.Results: In the present study, S. swartzii, J. rubens, and S. marginatum showed broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the test bacterial pathogens. Among these, the maximum activity was exhibited by S. swartzii against Enterococcus faecalis (27.00 ± 0.88) and Streptococcus pyogenes (23.00 ± 0.84), followed by J. rubens against E. faecalis (26.00 ± 0.56) and S. pyogenes (22.00 ± 0.75), and S. marginatum exhibited significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (15.00 ± 0.22) and S. pyogenes (18.00 ± 1.16).Conclusion: These seaweeds with significant antibacterial activity will subjected to phytochemical screening to find out the potential active principle responsible for antimicrobial activity. It is followed by purification and characterization of the compounds for possible application in drug formulation, can take this to large-scale application in pharmaceutical industries

Comparative study of various methods of fetal weight estimation at term pregnancy in a tertiary hospital in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Prediction of fetal weight is one of the methods towards effective management of pregnancy and delivery. Ultrasonography is the standard method to monitor the weight, but in the absence of such facility it becomes difficult particularly in the primary care setting. Clinical methods can be considered as an option and this requires selection of the valid method in deriving the fetal weight. In the present study, an effort is made to compare two different clinical methods and USG and relate to the actual weight of the baby at birth.Methods: One hundred pregnant women satisfying the criteria, consenting for the study were recruited. Both USG and clinical methods were done and estimated the fetal weight. Weight of the baby at birth was measured.Results: All the three methods had significant relationship with the baby weight. Results indicated that estimation of fetal weight by Dare’s formula could predict 69% of the cases correctly followed by Johnson’s method which could predict 61% of the cases correctly. USG predicted 67% of the cases correctly. Percentage error was least with USG and the standard deviation of error was lower with Dare’s formula.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Dare’s formula of clinical methods can be a potential option to be promoted in predicting the fetal weight in the absence of USG facilities. Training in this method is very important and can be an integral part in managing pregnancy during delivery in primary care setting