Scenarios of intermittent E. coli contamination from sewer overflows to shellfish growing waters: the Dart Estuary case study

Sewage overflows (SOs) and Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) significantly contribute to the bacterial contamination of coastal waters, which is of especial concern for aquaculture, a growing industry worldwide. Hydrodynamic and water quality models were used to investigate impacts of CSO discharge frequency and duration, river discharge and tides on Escherichia coli levels at shellfish farming sites in the Dart Estuary (UK), being the employed methodology generally applicable. High E. coli contamination occurred during neap tides and high river discharges due to higher retention and lower bacterial decay. Synchronicity of CSO spills affected the duration of the pollution episodes rather than peak concentrations, more influenced by discharges of the neighbouring CSOs. During peak discharges, E. coli concentrations could be 10 times higher than during average flows. CSO spills were more frequent when rainfall was >20 mm. Model outputs combined with rainfall forecasts can indicate microbiological contamination risk in the aquaculture sites.En prensa2,35

S wave velocity structure below central Mexico using high-resolution surface wave tomography

Shear wave velocity of the crust below central Mexico is estimated using surface wave dispersion measurements from regional earthquakes recorded on a dense, 500 km long linear seismic network. Vertical components of regional records from 90 well-located earthquakes were used to compute Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion curves. A tomographic inversion, with high resolution in a zone close to the array, obtained for periods between 5 and 50 s reveals significant differences relative to a reference model, especially at larger periods (>30 s). A 2-D S wave velocity model is obtained from the inversion of local dispersion curves that were reconstructed from the tomographic solutions. The results show large differences, especially in the lower crust, among back-arc, volcanic arc, and fore-arc regions; they also show a well-resolved low-velocity zone just below the active part of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) suggesting the presence of a mantle wedge. Low densities in the back arc, inferred from the low shear wave velocities, can provide isostatic support for the TMVB

Plan de acción frente al consumismo global de la Nueva Economía: Revelaciones sobre economía, empresa y consumo del s. XXI

Este estudio crítico y revisionista, de corte interdisciplinario (entre Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales), alerta sobre los peligros de avanzar hacia una sociedad masa global de consumo, donde se acentúe la deshumanización y asocialización, al primarse el tener al ser (el bienestar a la felicidad, el negocio al ocio, la empresa al oficio, la pulsión a la experiencia, etc.). Se ofrece así un plan de acción que va de lo más general (retirando los velos de confusión que impiden reconocer el mundo posglobalizado y estudiarlo tal como es), pasando a centrar la atención en las complejas reglas económicas y empresariales del nuevo milenio, para terminar evaluando los riesgos de la inautenticidad del actual consumidor.This is a critical and reviewer study, under an interdisciplinary approach (between Liberal Arts and Social Sciences), which warns to move on a global mass consumer society and its dangers, by the accentuated lost of humanity and sociality, because the priority of the having-issue than the been-issue (the preference of welfare than happiness, the business than the recreation, the company than the profession, the desire than the experience, etc.). The structure of the paper goes from general view (removing the confusion veils that make impossible the recognition of the post-globalized World and its study), to particular view (focusing on the complex economic and business rules in the new millennium), and the risk evaluation of the non-authenticity of the current consumer

Toxicity study in a pig model of intraperitoneal collagenase as an “enzymatic scalpel” directed to break stroma in order to generate a new perspective for peritoneal carcinomatosis approach: an experimental research

Background: This study aimed to measure the toxicity resulting from collagenase administration to the peritoneal cavity in a pig model as a preliminary step to break down the stroma surrounding tumors. Methods: Eight pigs were treated with 2 different collagenase concentrations previously tested in rats by our group. Time and temperature were controlled using a peritoneal lavage system (PRS System, Combat Medical Ltd.) identical to that used in human surgeries through hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC); 2 additional pigs were treated with peritoneal lavage only. Samples of blood and peritoneal fluid were collected pre-treatment, immediately after treatment, and 24 h postoperatively. In addition, histological studies and blood collagenase levels were measured. Results: No complications were observed during the surgeries. Intraoperative images evidenced the release of peritoneal tissue during collagenase treatment. After surgery, the animals showed no signs of pain. Diet and mobility were normal at 4 h postoperatively, and there were no significant differences in hematologic or biochemical parameters. Quantification of MMP1 and MMP2 in all samples as measured by absorbance showed no differences in blood collagenase levels between pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 24 h postoperatively. None of the animals treated with collagenase showed peritoneal adhesions during the second surgery. Histologically, peritoneal organs and serous structures did not show any microscopic alterations associated with collagenase treatment in any group. Conclusion: Lavage of the peritoneal cavity with doses of up to 100,000 collagen digestion units/animal for 30 min is safe and removes connective tissue from the peritoneal cavity

Geometrie analysis and scaling properties of calcite e-twins in the Cameros Basin (NW Iberian Chain, Spain)

One dimensional geometric analysis has been carried out in several scan lines from 885 measures of twins in calcite grains to determine grain width (in microns) and twin density (number of twins.mm-1 ) distributions. Grain width and twin density have a good fit to the log-normal frequency distribution. Twinning in calcite implies intracrystaline deformation mechanism with low shear stress. When the process begins low grain width and calcite twins are developed with a probably random distribution what could be supported by a negative exponential distribution tendency. The twinning process continues until a "critical" value of grain width and density which is going to influence in the scaling process, and becoming the distribution to log-normal type. But some data also conform to a power-law (fractal) frequency distribution from determined range or sizes (300 to WOO mm) and density (2 to W twins.mm-1) with some superimposed random (negative-exponential) elements, possible due to the irregularities at grain scale, but also because this systems show multifractal behavior

Composición química y mineralogía de las Biotitas Metamórficas del sector central del Macizo de Santander, Colombia.

Las biotitas metamórficas de las formaciones Neis de Bucaramanga, Silgará y Ortoneis en el Sector Central del Macizo de Santander corresponden a la serie eastonita-siderofilita y annita. La composición química de la biotita en metapelitas varía con relación al grado de metamorfismo, mientras que en las rocas cuarzofeldespáticas y máficas, el quimismo de las biotitas esta condicionado por la composición del protolito.The metamorphic biotites of the Neis de Bucaramanga, Silgará and Ortoneis formations in the Central Part of the Santander Massif correspond to the eastonite-siderofilite and annite series. The chemical composition of the biotite in metapelites depends on the temperature and pressure, while in quartz feldspathic and mafic rocks it is controlated by the bulk rock composition of the protolith

Composición química y mineralogía de las Biotitas Metamórficas del sector central del Macizo de Santander, Colombia.

Las biotitas metamórficas de las formaciones Neis de Bucaramanga, Silgará y Ortoneis en el Sector Central del Macizo de Santander corresponden a la serie eastonita-siderofilita y annita. La composición química de la biotita en metapelitas varía con relación al grado de metamorfismo, mientras que en las rocas cuarzofeldespáticas y máficas, el quimismo de las biotitas esta condicionado por la composición del protolito.The metamorphic biotites of the Neis de Bucaramanga, Silgará and Ortoneis formations in the Central Part of the Santander Massif correspond to the eastonite-siderofilite and annite series. The chemical composition of the biotite in metapelites depends on the temperature and pressure, while in quartz feldspathic and mafic rocks it is controlated by the bulk rock composition of the protolith

Epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole for six Candida species as determined by the colorimetric Sensititre YeastOne method

In the absence of clinical breakpoints (CBP), epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) are useful to separate wild-type (WT) isolates (without mechanisms of resistance) from non-WT isolates (those that can harbor some resistance mechanisms), which is the goal of susceptibility tests. Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) is a widely used method to determine susceptibility of Candida spp. to antifungal agents. The CLSI CBP have been established, but not for the SYO method. The ECVs for four azoles, obtained using MIC distributions determined by the SYO method, were calculated via five methods (three statistical methods and based on the MIC50 and modal MIC). Respectively, the median ECVs (in mg/liter) of the five methods for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole (in parentheses: the percentage of isolates inhibited by MICs equal to or less than the ECVs; the number of isolates tested) were as follows: 2 (94.4%; 944), 0.5 (96.7%; 942), 0.25 (97.6%; 673), and 0.06 (96.7%; 849) for Candida albicans; 4 (86.1%; 642), 0.5 (99.4%; 642), 0.12 (93.9%; 392), and 0.06 (86.9%; 559) for C. parapsilosis; 8 (94.9%; 175), 1 (93.7%; 175), 2 (93.6%; 125), and 0.25 (90.4%; 167) for C. tropicalis; 128 (98.6%; 212), 4 (95.8%; 212), 4 (96.0%; 173), and 2 (98.5; 205) for C. glabrata; 256 (100%; 53), 1 (98.1%; 53), 1 (100%; 33), and 1 (97.9%; 48) for C. krusei; 4 (89.2%; 93), 0.5 (100%; 93), 0.25 (100%; 33), and 0.06 (87.7%; 73) for C. orthopsilosis. All methods included =94% of isolates and yielded similar ECVs (within 1 dilution). These ECVs would be suitable for monitoring emergence of isolates with reduced susceptibility by using the SYO method

The Secretion of miR-200s by a PKCζ/ADAR2 Signaling Axis Promotes Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

Most colorectal cancer (CRC)-related deaths are due to liver metastases. PKCζ is a tumor suppressor in CRC with reduced expression in metastasis. Given the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating cellular plasticity, we performed an unbiased screening and identified the miR-200 family as the most relevant miRNAs downregulated by PKCζ deficiency. The regulation of the intracellular levels of miR-200 by PKCζ is post-transcriptional and involves their secretion in extracellular vesicles. Here, we identified ADAR2 as a direct substrate of PKCζ in CRC cells. Phosphorylation of ADAR2 regulates its editing activity, which is required to maintain miR-200 steady-state levels, suggesting that the PKCζ/ADAR2 axis regulates miR-200 secretion through RNA editing. Loss of this axis results in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased liver metastases, which can be inhibited in vivo by blocking miR-200 release. Therefore, the PKCζ/ADAR2 axis is a critical regulator of CRC metastases through modulation of miR-200 levels.Research was supported by grants from the NIH ( R01DK108743 , R01CA172025 , and R01CA207177 to J.M.; R01CA192642 and R01CA218254 to M.T.D.-M.)

Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 Is Required for Genomic Stability and Modulates the Malignant Phenotype of Melanoma Cells.

The mouse mahoganoid mutation abrogating Mahogunin Ring Finger-1 (MGRN1) E3 ubiquitin ligase expression causes hyperpigmentation, congenital heart defects and neurodegeneration. To study the pathophysiology of MGRN1 loss, we compared Mgrn1-knockout melanocytes with genetically matched controls and melan-md1 (mahoganoid) melanocytes. MGRN1 knockout induced a more differentiated and adherent phenotype, decreased motility, increased the percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and promoted genomic instability, as shown by stronger γH2AX labelling, increased burden of DNA breaks and higher abundance of aneuploid cells. Lack of MGRN1 expression decreased the ability of melanocytes to cope with DNA breaks generated by oxidizing agents or hydroxyurea-induced replicative stress, suggesting a contribution of genomic instability to the mahoganoid phenotype. MGRN1 knockout in B16-F10 melanoma cells also augmented pigmentation, increased cell adhesion to collagen, impaired 2D and 3D motility and caused genomic instability. Tumors formed by Mgrn1-KO B16-F10 cells had lower mitotic indices, fewer Ki67-positive cells and showed a trend towards smaller size. In short-term lung colonization assays Mgrn1-KO cells showed impaired colonization potential. Moreover, lower expression of MGRN1 is significantly associated with better survival of human melanoma patients. Therefore, MGRN1 might be an important phenotypic determinant of melanoma cells