10,122 research outputs found
The X-ray and radio emission from SN 2002ap: The importance of Compton scattering
The radio and X-ray observations of the Type Ic supernova SN 2002ap are
modeled. We find that inverse Compton cooling by photospheric photons explains
the observed steep radio spectrum, and also the X-ray flux observed by XMM.
Thermal emission from the shock is insufficient to explain the X-ray flux. The
radio emitting region expands with a velocity of, roughly, 70,000 km/s. From
the ratio of X-ray to radio emission we find that the energy densities of
magnetic fields and relativistic electrons are close to equipartion.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, ApJ accepte
Multiple synchrotron self-Compton modeling of gamma-ray flares in 3C 279
The correlation often observed in blazars between optical-to-radio outbursts
and gamma-ray flares suggests that the high-energy emission region shall be
co-spatial with the radio knots, several parsecs away from the central engine.
This would prevent the important contribution at high-energies from the Compton
scattering of seed photons from the accretion disk and the broad-line region
that is generally used to model the spectral energy distribution of
low-frequency peaking blazars. While a pure synchrotron self-Compton model has
so far failed to explain the observed gamma-ray emission of a flat spectrum
radio quasar like 3C 279, the inclusion of the effect of multiple
inverse-Compton scattering might solve the apparent paradox. Here, we present
for the first time a physical, self-consistent SSC modeling of a series of
shock-waves in the jet of 3C 279. We show that the analytic description of the
high-energy emission from multiple inverse-Compton scatterings in the
Klein-Nishina limit can fairly well account for the observed gamma-ray spectrum
of 3C 279 in flaring states.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of "Beamed and Unbeamed Gamma-rays
from Galaxies", 11-15 April 2011, Finland. To be published in the Journal of
Physics: Conference Serie
Using the Uncharged Kerr Black Hole as a Gravitational Mirror
We extend the study of the possibility to use the Schwarzschild black hole as
a gravitational mirror to the more general case of an uncharged Kerr black
hole. We use the null geodesic equation in the equatorial plane to prove a
theorem concerning the conditions the impact parameter has to satisfy if there
shall exist boomerang photons. We derive an equation for these boomerang
photons and an equation for the emission angle. Finally, the radial null
geodesic equation is integrated numerically in order to illustrate boomerang
photons.Comment: 11 pages Latex, 3 Postscript figures, uufiles to compres
Limits on O VI Emission from the Shocked Circumstellar Gas of SN 1987A
The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) was used to search for emission from the shock interaction of the ejecta of SN 1987A with its circumstellar material. FUSE observations of SN 1987A between 2000 and 2007 did not detect broad OVI emission. However, OVI emission was detected in 2000-2001 with a narrow line width (FWHM <35 kms t ) and a heliocentric radial velocity of +280 km/s. This places the emitting gas at rest relative to the supernova and is interpreted as emission from unshocked circumstellar gas. This narrow emission had disappeared in 2007 (and possibly earlier) as a result of the advancing shock overtaking the H II region that was flash ionized by the supernova explosion in 1987
Detecting a Light Stop from Top Decays at the Tevatron
We study the possibility of discovering or excluding a light top squark
(stop) based on top quark decays in the t-tbar events produced at the Fermilab
Tevatron. In particular, we consider the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
with the sparticle spectrum m_{chi^+_1}+m_b, M_W+m_{chi^0_1}+m_b > m_{stop} >
m_{chi^0_1}+m_c, where chi^0_1 is the lightest neutralino and chi^+_1 is the
lightest chargino, so that t -> stop chi^0_1 and stop -> c chi^0_1. All other
sparticle masses are assumed to be heavier than m_t. Such a spectrum seeks to
explain the experimental values of alpha_s(M_Z^2), R_b and A_{LR} obtained from
LEP/SLC data. We find that the prospect to observe a light stop via this
channel at the Tevatron is very promising.Comment: 12 pages with 1 Postscript figure using psfig.sty. Postscript file
available at http://sgi2.hep.anl.gov:8001/index.htm
Investigating the trade-off between the effectiveness and efficiency of process modeling
Despite recent efforts to improve the quality of process models, we still observe a significant dissimilarity in quality between models. This paper focuses on the syntactic condition of process models, and how it is achieved. To this end, a dataset of 121 modeling sessions was investigated. By going through each of these sessions step by step, a separate ‘revision’ phase was identified for 81 of them. Next, by cutting the modeling process off at the start of the revision phase, a partial process model was exported for these modeling sessions. Finally, each partial model was compared with its corresponding final model, in terms of time, effort, and the number of syntactic errors made or solved, in search for a possible trade-off between the effectiveness and efficiency of process modeling. Based on the findings, we give a provisional explanation for the difference in syntactic quality of process models
A comparative study on the efficacy of four anthelmintics on some important reindeer parasites
Four anthelmintic preparations were tested against some of the most important parasites of reindeer, i.e. warble fly (Oedemagena tarandi), nostril fly (Cephenemyia trompe), brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi), and lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus). Their efficacy against intestinal nematodes was also registered. Test drugs were Fenthion (Bayer), Fenbendazole (Hoechst), Mebendazole (Janssen), and Ivermectin (Merk Sharp & Dohme). Against O. tarandi and C. trompe Ivermectin was 100% effective and Fenthion 86 and 100% respectively. The efficacy of Fen- and Mebendazole against these parasites was not significant. Against E. rangiferi the benzimidazole compounds were highly effective, with Mebendazole a bit ahead. Ivermectin had a moderate effect and Fenthion had no effect on this parasite. Against D. viviparus Fenbendazole, Mebendazole and Ivermectin were of equal, moderate-high effectiveness. No drug had a complete effect on the «arrested» larvae of D. viviparus. Fenthion had no effect at all. Fenbendazole and Ivermectin were both 100% effective against intestinal nematodes. Mebendazole was less effective and Fenthion had no effects. Ivermectin is considered to be the overall most effective anthelmintic in this test.En jamforande studie av effekten av fyra anthelmintika mot några betydelsesfulla parasiter hos ren.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Fyra antiparasitmedel har prôvats mot några av renens viktigaste parasiter, nàmligen hudkorm (Oedemagena tarandi), svalgkorm (Cephenemyia trompe), hjårnmask (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) och lungmask (Dictyocaulus viviparus). Vidare har medlens effekt på mag- tarmnematoder (Trichostongylider) också noterats. De prôvade medicinerna var Fenthion (Bayer), Mebendazole (Leo/Janssen), Fenbendazole (Hoechst) och Ivermectin (Merck Sharp & Dohme). Mot hud- och svalgkorm var Ivermectin 100% effektivt medan for Fenthion effekten var 86 resp 100%. Effekten av Fen- och Mebendazole mot de båda parasiterna var inte signifikant. Mot hjårnmask noterades mycket hôg effekt av Mebendazole och aven Fenbendazole medan Ivermectin hade något såmre effekt med den valda doseringen. Fenthion hade ingen effekt på denna parasit. Mot lungmask visade Fenbendazole och Ivermectin god effekt medan Mebendazole visade något lagre effekt. Inget av preparaten hade dock fullgod verkan på de vilande inaktiva 5:te stadiets larverna av denna parasit. Fenthion hade ingen effekt. Mot mag-tarmnematoder var Fenbendazole och Ivermectin 100% effektiva medan Mebendazole hade en något làgre, delvis undertryckande effekt. Fenthion hade ingen effekt. Ivermectin får anses vara det allmånt sett effektivaste maskmedlet i denna undersokning.Vertailevatutkielma neljan loislaakeaineen vaikutuksesta muutamia tarkeita porojen loisia vastaan.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: On kokeiltu neljaa loislaakeainetta muutamia porojen tarkeinpia loisia vastaan, nimittain kurmua (Oedemagena tarandi), saulakkaa (Cephenemyia trompe), aivomatoa (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) ja keuhkomatoa (Dictyocaulus viviparus). Edelleen on laakeaineiden vaikutus maha- ja suolistomatoihin (Trichostrongyliidit) myoskin pantu merkille. Kokeillut laakeaineet olivat Fenthion (Bayer), Mebendazole (Leo/Janssen), Fenbendazole (Hoechst) ja Ivermectin (Merck - Sharp and Dohme). Kurmua ja saulakkaa vastaan oli Ivermectin 100% tehokas, kun taas Fenthionin vaikutus oli toisessa 86 ja toisessa 100%. Fen- ja Mebendazolen vaikutus molempia loisia vastaan ei ollut merkittava. Mebendazolen ja myos Fenbendazolen vaikutus aivomatoa vastaan havaittiin hyvin korkeaksi, kun taas Ivermectinilla oli jonkin verran huonompi vaikutus valitulla annostuksella. Fenthionilla ei ollut mitaan vaikutusta tata loista vastaan. Keuhkomatoa vastaan osoitti Fenbendazole ja Ivermectin hyvan vaikutuksen, kun taas Mebendazolella oli jonkin verran heikompi vaikutus. Kuitenkaan ei millaan laakevalmisteista ollut taystehokasta vaikutusta taman loisen lepaaviin tehottomiin 5:asteen toukkiin. Fenthionilla ei ollut mitaan vaikutusta. Fenbendazole ja Ivermectin maha- ja suolistomatoja vastaan olivat 100% tehokkaita, kun taas Mebendazolella oli jonkin verran alhaisempi, osittain vaimentava vaikutus. Fenthionilla ei ollut mitaan vaikutusta
Homoclinic chaos and energy condition violation
In this letter we discuss the connection between so-called homoclinic chaos
and the violation of energy conditions in locally rotationally symmetric
Bianchi type IX models, where the matter is assumed to be non-tilted dust and a
positive cosmological constant. We show that homoclinic chaos in these models
is an artifact of unphysical assumptions: it requires that there exist
solutions with positive matter energy density that evolve through the
singularity and beyond as solutions with negative matter energy density
. Homoclinic chaos is absent when it is assumed that the dust particles
always retain their positive mass.In addition, we discuss more general models:
for solutions that are not locally rotionally symmetric we demonstrate that the
construction of extensions through the singularity, which is required for
homoclinic chaos, is not possible in general.Comment: 4 pages, RevTe
How Advanced Change Patterns Impact the Process of Process Modeling
Process model quality has been an area of considerable research efforts. In
this context, correctness-by-construction as enabled by change patterns
provides promising perspectives. While the process of process modeling (PPM)
based on change primitives has been thoroughly investigated, only little is
known about the PPM based on change patterns. In particular, it is unclear what
set of change patterns should be provided and how the available change pattern
set impacts the PPM. To obtain a better understanding of the latter as well as
the (subjective) perceptions of process modelers, the arising challenges, and
the pros and cons of different change pattern sets we conduct a controlled
experiment. Our results indicate that process modelers face similar challenges
irrespective of the used change pattern set (core pattern set versus extended
pattern set, which adds two advanced change patterns to the core patterns set).
An extended change pattern set, however, is perceived as more difficult to use,
yielding a higher mental effort. Moreover, our results indicate that more
advanced patterns were only used to a limited extent and frequently applied
incorrectly, thus, lowering the potential benefits of an extended pattern set
Matter and dynamics in closed cosmologies
To systematically analyze the dynamical implications of the matter content in
cosmology, we generalize earlier dynamical systems approaches so that perfect
fluids with a general barotropic equation of state can be treated. We focus on
locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type IX and Kantowski-Sachs orthogonal
perfect fluid models, since such models exhibit a particularly rich dynamical
structure and also illustrate typical features of more general cases. For these
models, we recast Einstein's field equations into a regular system on a compact
state space, which is the basis for our analysis. We prove that models expand
from a singularity and recollapse to a singularity when the perfect fluid
satisfies the strong energy condition. When the matter source admits Einstein's
static model, we present a comprehensive dynamical description, which includes
asymptotic behavior, of models in the neighborhood of the Einstein model; these
results make earlier claims about ``homoclinic phenomena and chaos'' highly
questionable. We also discuss aspects of the global asymptotic dynamics, in
particular, we give criteria for the collapse to a singularity, and we describe
when models expand forever to a state of infinite dilution; possible initial
and final states are analyzed. Numerical investigations complement the
analytical results.Comment: 23 pages, 24 figures (compressed), LaTe
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