Porosity and Inclusion Detection in CFRP by Infrared Thermography

The ever wide use of composite materials in the aeronautical industry has evidenced the need for development of ever more effective nondestructive evaluation methodologies in order to reduce rejected parts and to optimize production costs. Infrared thermography has been recently enclosed amongst the standardized non destructive testing techniques, but its usefulness needs still complete assessment since it can be employed in several different arrangements and for many purposes. In this work, the possibility to detect slag inclusions and porosity is analyzed with both lock-in themography and pulse thermography in the transmission mode. To this end, carbon-fiber-peinforced polymers different specimens are specifically fabricated of several different stacking sequences and with embedded slag inclusions and porosity percentages. As main results, both of the techniques are found definitely able to reveal the presence of the defects above mentioned. Moreover, these techniques could be considered complementary in order to better characterize the nature of the detected defects

KRAS testing in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: challenges, controversies, breakthroughs, and beyond

Metastatic colorectal cancer harboring a mutation in codon 12 or 13 of the KRAS gene does not benefit from therapy with antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The implementation of community KRAS testing is generating a rapid flow of new data that have implications for the pathologist and testing guidelines, besides the physician. Therefore, it seems timely to draw together the threads of this large body of information in order that pathologists can be knowledgeable partners in the multidisciplinary process of targeted cancer therapy, and to help refine current testing guidelines. This review addresses: (1) the most relevant methodological and technical aspects of KRAS testing in terms of sample site (primary/metastatic), test specimens (resection/biopsy/cytology), and the diverse molecular methods available; (2) issues related to daily practice, namely the timing of the test, its turnaround time and the quality control procedures; and (3) the evidence related to the relationship between KRAS genetic intratumoral heterogeneity, clinical sensitivity of mutational detection tools and anti-EGFR treatment outcome. Hopefully, in the near future, elucidation of the potential of biomarker panels, and of the mechanisms underlying primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy will refine even further personalized treatment regimes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

A thorough dynamic interpretation of residual dipolar couplings in ubiquitin.

dipolar couplings (rdcs), ubiquitin The presence of slow motions with large amplitudes, as detected by measurements based on residual dipola

Infrared Thermography to an Aluminium Foam Sandwich Structure Subjected to Low Velocity Impact Tests

Abstract This work is the straightforward continuation of previous ones in which vibro-acoustic characteristics of AFS panels were investigated both numerically and experimentally. Herein, the use of infrared thermography (IRT) is exploited to investigate impact damaging of an aluminium foam sandwich panel by monitoring its surface, opposite to the impact, during a low velocity impact test, which is performed with a modified Charpy pendulum. Thermal images, acquired in time sequence during the impact by the infrared camera, are post-processed to get information useful for understanding absorption capabilities and impact damaging mechanisms of this kind of structure