4,062 research outputs found
The impact of a network split on cascading failure processes
Cascading failure models are typically used to capture the phenomenon where
failures possibly trigger further failures in succession, causing knock-on
effects. In many networks this ultimately leads to a disintegrated network
where the failure propagation continues independently across the various
components. In order to gain insight in the impact of network splitting on
cascading failure processes, we extend a well-established cascading failure
model for which the number of failures obeys a power-law distribution. We
assume that a single line failure immediately splits the network in two
components, and examine its effect on the power-law exponent. The results
provide valuable qualitative insights that are crucial first steps towards
understanding more complex network splitting scenarios
Energy spectra of metastable oxygen atoms produced by electron impact dissociation of O2
Kinetic energies of metastable oxygen atoms formed by electron impact dissociation of oxygen and measured in time of flight experimen
Excitation of the metastable E(3 Sigma g plus) state of N2 by electron impact
The contribution of the N2(E(3 Sigma g plus)) state to the total metastable excitation function of N2 assessed on the basis of time-of-flight studies of metastable nitrogen molecules. The cross section for electron impact excitation state was determined in the domain of the resonance form threshold (11.87 eV) to an energy of about 13 eV. The maximum value of the cross section was found to be (7.0 + or - 4.0) x 10 to the -18th power sq cm at an energy of 12.2 eV. The measurement was made absolute by using the previously determined yield of the metastable detector, the lifetime of the E state, and by eliminating the energy spread in the electron beam from the raw data. The half-width (FWHM) of the resonance-like excitation function near threshold was found to be about 0.4 eV. No substantial evidence was obtained from the present data for the presence of the nonresonant part of the excitation function for the state studied
Production of CO(a 3 Pi) and other metastable fragments by electron impact dissociation of CO2
Dissociative excitation of CO(a 3 Pi) and other metastable fragments such as O(5S) produced by electron impact on CO
Asymptotically Optimal Load Balancing Topologies
We consider a system of servers inter-connected by some underlying graph
topology . Tasks arrive at the various servers as independent Poisson
processes of rate . Each incoming task is irrevocably assigned to
whichever server has the smallest number of tasks among the one where it
appears and its neighbors in . Tasks have unit-mean exponential service
times and leave the system upon service completion.
The above model has been extensively investigated in the case is a
clique. Since the servers are exchangeable in that case, the queue length
process is quite tractable, and it has been proved that for any ,
the fraction of servers with two or more tasks vanishes in the limit as . For an arbitrary graph , the lack of exchangeability severely
complicates the analysis, and the queue length process tends to be worse than
for a clique. Accordingly, a graph is said to be -optimal or
-optimal when the occupancy process on is equivalent to that on
a clique on an -scale or -scale, respectively.
We prove that if is an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph with average
degree , then it is with high probability -optimal and
-optimal if and as , respectively. This demonstrates that optimality can
be maintained at -scale and -scale while reducing the number of
connections by nearly a factor and compared to a
clique, provided the topology is suitably random. It is further shown that if
contains bounded-degree nodes, then it cannot be -optimal.
In addition, we establish that an arbitrary graph is -optimal when its
minimum degree is , and may not be -optimal even when its minimum
degree is for any .Comment: A few relevant results from arXiv:1612.00723 are included for
convenienc
Mixing Properties of CSMA Networks on Partite Graphs
We consider a stylized stochastic model for a wireless CSMA network.
Experimental results in prior studies indicate that the model provides
remarkably accurate throughput estimates for IEEE 802.11 systems. In
particular, the model offers an explanation for the severe spatial unfairness
in throughputs observed in such networks with asymmetric interference
conditions. Even in symmetric scenarios, however, it may take a long time for
the activity process to move between dominant states, giving rise to potential
starvation issues. In order to gain insight in the transient throughput
characteristics and associated starvation effects, we examine in the present
paper the behavior of the transition time between dominant activity states. We
focus on partite interference graphs, and establish how the magnitude of the
transition time scales with the activation rate and the sizes of the various
network components. We also prove that in several cases the scaled transition
time has an asymptotically exponential distribution as the activation rate
grows large, and point out interesting connections with related exponentiality
results for rare events and meta-stability phenomena in statistical physics. In
addition, we investigate the convergence rate to equilibrium of the activity
process in terms of mixing times.Comment: Valuetools, 6th International Conference on Performance Evaluation
Methodologies and Tools, October 9-12, 2012, Carg\`ese, Franc
Slow transitions, slow mixing and starvation in dense random-access networks
We consider dense wireless random-access networks, modeled as systems of
particles with hard-core interaction. The particles represent the network users
that try to become active after an exponential back-off time, and stay active
for an exponential transmission time. Due to wireless interference, active
users prevent other nearby users from simultaneous activity, which we describe
as hard-core interaction on a conflict graph. We show that dense networks with
aggressive back-off schemes lead to extremely slow transitions between dominant
states, and inevitably cause long mixing times and starvation effects.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figure
Achievable Performance in Product-Form Networks
We characterize the achievable range of performance measures in product-form
networks where one or more system parameters can be freely set by a network
operator. Given a product-form network and a set of configurable parameters, we
identify which performance measures can be controlled and which target values
can be attained. We also discuss an online optimization algorithm, which allows
a network operator to set the system parameters so as to achieve target
performance metrics. In some cases, the algorithm can be implemented in a
distributed fashion, of which we give several examples. Finally, we give
conditions that guarantee convergence of the algorithm, under the assumption
that the target performance metrics are within the achievable range.Comment: 50th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and
Computing - 201
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