Morphotopographic particularities of some muscles from the trunk region of the coypu

The muscles from the trunk region are covered by the cutaneous trunk muscle which has in its structure two layers, a superficial and a profound one. The skin muscle of the trunk has a unitary structure, flattened appearance, inserted on the shoulder and on the base of the tail. The muscular particularitis of the trunk region in coypu consist in their appearance and development. At the level of the trapezius muscle, there is a large interstitium that separates its cervical portion from the thoracic portion. The thoracic ventral serrated muscle, the intercostal muscles and some muscles that are not described in other domestic mammals, namely, the lower ribs muscles and the thoracic square muscle, were also dissected. Among the pectoral muscles of the deep layer, the subclavicular muscle was also identified in coypu. The abdominal, dorsal and ventral muscles were also dissected. The superficial pectoral muscle showed a flattened and triangular aspect.During dissection, it was found that the superficial inguinal ring presents the muscular cruses which are generated by muscular structures

Morpho-topographic researches on cervico-cephalic lymphcentres at ferret

The muscular lymph centers from the cervico-cephalic region emerge with the muscles and in specialty literature there is little information regarding muscles at the ferret, hence why in this study we have also referred to this morphological segment. In the cephalic region, the skin muscles existing at the ferret do not present significant differences to those existing in domestic carnivores, but the masticatory muscles have some peculiarities. The temporal muscle, masseter muscle and digastric muscle are highly developed. On the surface of the masseter muscle is identified a lymphonodular group covered by the skin muscle and tegument. Due to topography, it was considered that this lymphonodular group represents the parotid lymph center, although some authors do not even mention the presence of this lymph center in the ferret. At the ventral edge of the parotid gland and at the mandibular cranio-dorsal edge there is a mandibular lymph center formed by two lymphonodular structures. The retropharyngeal lymph center is represented by a single lymph node. In the cervical region the superficial cervical lymph center was identified, formed by a single structure. Although in speciality literature the presence of the profound cervical lymph center is not signalled, the structure was identified in two from the total of four corpses used

Optical performance of the JWST MIRI flight model: characterization of the point spread function at high-resolution

The Mid Infra Red Instrument (MIRI) is one of the four instruments onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), providing imaging, coronagraphy and spectroscopy over the 5-28 microns band. To verify the optical performance of the instrument, extensive tests were performed at CEA on the flight model (FM) of the Mid-InfraRed IMager (MIRIM) at cryogenic temperatures and in the infrared. This paper reports on the point spread function (PSF) measurements at 5.6 microns, the shortest operating wavelength for imaging. At 5.6 microns the PSF is not Nyquist-sampled, so we use am original technique that combines a microscanning measurement strategy with a deconvolution algorithm to obtain an over-resolved MIRIM PSF. The microscanning consists in a sub-pixel scan of a point source on the focal plane. A data inversion method is used to reconstruct PSF images that are over-resolved by a factor of 7 compared to the native resolution of MIRI. We show that the FWHM of the high-resolution PSFs were 5-10% wider than that obtained with Zemax simulations. The main cause was identified as an out-of-specification tilt of the M4 mirror. After correction, two additional test campaigns were carried out, and we show that the shape of the PSF is conform to expectations. The FWHM of the PSFs are 0.18-0.20 arcsec, in agreement with simulations. 56.1-59.2% of the total encircled energy (normalized to a 5 arcsec radius) is contained within the first dark Airy ring, over the whole field of view. At longer wavelengths (7.7-25.5 microns), this percentage is 57-68%. MIRIM is thus compliant with the optical quality requirements. This characterization of the MIRIM PSF, as well as the deconvolution method presented here, are of particular importance, not only for the verification of the optical quality and the MIRI calibration, but also for scientific applications.Comment: 13 pages, submitted to SPIE Proceedings vol. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wav

A REVIEW OF CHALLENGES IN ASSESSMENT AND FORECASTING OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCES

The main issues related to assessment and forecasting of the wind and wind energy have been reviewed. These include the limitations and advantages of wind forecasting and assessment of the wind power density, especially considering trends of increasing penetration of wind-generated power into the utility grid and storage of wind-generated power. Accurate forecasting of the wind power density over a large range of spatial and temporal scales is a critical issue for planning and operations of wind farms. A review of various prediction tools, from simple statistical models to highly complex numerical techniques, was performed for this purpose. The influence of wind variability, atmospheric stability, turbulence, and the low-level jets on wind power density are elaborated on in detail. Furthermore, prediction and assessment of future wind energy resources and their economic implications as well as environmental concerns such as birds’ habitats and routes, viewpoint aesthetics, and noise are also discussed in this study. Some climate projection studies indicate minor changes in the wind resources comparable to differences in global models results while others argue that the wind resources will be reduced due to global warming and they call for harvesting wind energy at the maximum rate as soon as possible