Seletividade de pesticidas à Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopide).

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Dental pathology of the wild Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus): The study of a 20th century Portuguese museum collection

For some wild canids, such as the Iberian wolf, there is a lack of in-depth knowledge about dental pathology. We aimed to evaluate it, in a standardized manner, in specimens from a Portuguese museum collection. Sixty-five deceased specimens of wild Iberian wolves, 61 complete skulls and 4 mandibles, collected in Portugal between 1977 and 1995, were analyzed. Sample comprised 18 females, 24 males and 23 individuals of undetermined sex. Teeth were evaluated by visual observation and dental radiography for tooth wear, periodontitis, fractures and other dental lesions. We have found several causes for teeth absence: artefactual, secondary to periodontitis and agenesia. About 30% of the teeth showed signs of wear. Only a small (<13%) fraction of maxillary and mandibular teeth did not show periodontitis. The tooth 308 showed periodontitis in all males (p = 0.017) and the tooth 104 was significantly affected by this condition in females (p = 0.020). A significant relationship was found between females and tooth wear in three teeth. Periodontitis showed a significant association with tooth wear (p < 0.001) and fractures (p = 0.027). Tooth fractures were more frequent in the maxilla than in the mandible. Seven periapical lesions, seven root fusions and three specimens with malocclusion were identified in the collection. Results are discussed integrating information from diet, habitat, genetic and spatial behavior. Dental radiography is here proposed as an approach for the age estimation in archaeological canids. This research contributes to the knowledge of the dental disease in the largest wolf population in Western Europe, a target subspecies of multiple conservation measures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dysconnectivity within the default mode in first-episode schizophrenia: a stochastic dynamic causal modeling study with functional magnetic resonance imaging.

We report the first stochastic dynamic causal modeling (sDCM) study of effective connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) in schizophrenia. Thirty-three patients (9 women, mean age = 25.0 years, SD = 5) with a first episode of psychosis and diagnosis of schizophrenia--according to the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, revised criteria--were studied. Fifteen healthy control subjects (4 women, mean age = 24.6 years, SD = 4) were included for comparison. All subjects underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) interspersed with 2 periods of continuous picture viewing. The anterior frontal (AF), posterior cingulate (PC), and the left and right parietal nodes of the DMN were localized in an unbiased fashion using data from 16 independent healthy volunteers (using an identical fMRI protocol). We used sDCM to estimate directed connections between and within nodes of the DMN, which were subsequently compared with t tests at the between subject level. The excitatory effect of the PC node on the AF node and the inhibitory self-connection of the AF node were significantly weaker in patients (mean values = 0.013 and -0.048 Hz, SD = 0.09 and 0.05, respectively) relative to healthy subjects (mean values = 0.084 and -0.088 Hz, SD = 0.15 and 0.77, respectively; P < .05). In summary, sDCM revealed reduced effective connectivity to the AF node of the DMN--reflecting a reduced postsynaptic efficacy of prefrontal afferents--in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

A Formação Do Psicólogo Organizacional -: Reflexões A Partir Do Caso Baiano

Based on the profile of professionals working inthe many subareas of organizational psychology, theindispensable skills necessary to the profissional lifes of thesepsychologists were described. These skills were devided in twocathegories: (a) the basic ones or the perfomance in the wholearea; (b) the specific ones, essential for each subárea. Based onthis output, a questionnaire was elaborated and applied to asample of 20 UFBA undergraduate psychology students. The facultystaff that teaches organizational psychology subjects andcourses in prerequisite areas to the organizational psychologysubjects were also interviewed. The results show that the undergraduatesconsidered training insufficient or very insufficient in almostall evaluated aspects, especially in the ones related to thespecific subareas. The theoretical contents were regarded in a morepositive way than the other contents, specially those related toresearch. However, as in the general case, means did not reach theaverage point in the evaluation scale. It was also observed that thestudents interested in working in the area showed more negativeattitudes towards the course than their classmates. An ineffectivetraining in the Human Resources area in the curricular structure(subjects and pre-requisites), the insufficient time schedule, andthe strong emphasis in the area of clinical psychology were pointedout as the causes of the observed reality. Considering that thesecharacteristics are found to be present in most psychology courses,we speculate whether the case of UFBA is only an example ofthe general insufficient preparation of the organizational psychologist.RESUMO - Com base no perfil do psicólogo que atua nas diversas subáreas de aplicação da Psicologia às organizações levantou-se os conhecimentos e habilidades indispensáveis ao desempenho de cada atividade. Estes conhecimentos foram agrupados em duas categorias: aqueles básicos para atuação na área e os específicos de cada subárea. Com base neste produto elaborou-se um questionário que foi aplicado a uma amostra de 20 estudantes, concluintes do curso de Formação de Psicólogos da UFBA. Foram realizadas ainda entrevistas com os docentes da área e das disciplinas que são pré-requisitos imediatos. Os resultados mostraram que a formação é considerada insuficiente ou muito insuficiente em praticamente todos os aspectos avaliados, especialmente nos conteúdos específicos das subáreas de atuação. Os conteúdos&nbsp; teóricos tiveram uma avaliação ligeiramente mais positiva, especialmente aqueles relacionados com atividade de pesquisa, não fugindo, entretanto, do quadro geral observado (as médias não atingem sequer o ponto médio da escala). Observou-se ainda que os alunos que pretendem atuar na área têm uma avaliação mais negativa do que os demais colegas. Não há efetivamente a formação dentro de uma perspectiva abrangente para atuar na área de RH. A estrutura curricular (definição das disciplinas e pré-requisitos), carga horária insuficiente e a forte ênfase do curso como um todo para formar o psicólogo clínico são apontados como fatores responsáveis pela realidade observada. Sabendo-se que tais fatores estão presentes na maioria dos cursos de psicologia, questiona-se até que ponto o caso da UFBA não faz parte de um quadro geral da formação inadequada do psicólogo organizacional

The Repetitive Cytoskeletal Protein H49 of Trypanosoma cruzi Is a Calpain-Like Protein Located at the Flagellum Attachment Zone

Background: Trypanosoma cruzi has a single flagellum attached to the cell body by a network of specialized cytoskeletal and membranous connections called the flagellum attachment zone. Previously, we isolated a DNA fragment (clone H49) which encodes tandemly arranged repeats of 68 amino acids associated with a high molecular weight cytoskeletal protein. in the current study, the genomic complexity of H49 and its relationships to the T. cruzi calpain-like cysteine peptidase family, comprising active calpains and calpain-like proteins, is addressed. Immunofluorescence analysis and biochemical fractionation were used to demonstrate the cellular location of H49 proteins.Methods and Findings: All of H49 repeats are associated with calpain-like sequences. Sequence analysis demonstrated that this protein, now termed H49/calpain, consists of an amino-terminal catalytic cysteine protease domain II, followed by a large region of 68-amino acid repeats tandemly arranged and a carboxy-terminal segment carrying the protease domains II and III. the H49/calpains can be classified as calpain-like proteins as the cysteine protease catalytic triad has been partially conserved in these proteins. the H49/calpains repeats share less than 60% identity with other calpain-like proteins in Leishmania and T. brucei, and there is no immunological cross reaction among them. It is suggested that the expansion of H49/calpain repeats only occurred in T. cruzi after separation of a T. cruzi ancestor from other trypanosomatid lineages. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting experiments demonstrated that H49/calpain is located along the flagellum attachment zone adjacent to the cell body.Conclusions: H49/calpain contains large central region composed of 68-amino acid repeats tandemly arranged. They can be classified as calpain-like proteins as the cysteine protease catalytic triad is partially conserved in these proteins. H49/calpains could have a structural role, namely that of ensuring that the cell body remains attached to the flagellum by connecting the subpellicular microtubule array to it.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Beca Presidente de la Republica-ChileUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Antofagasta, Lab Bioquim, Dept Biomed, Antofagasta, ChileUniv Bandeirante São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Brasilia, Dept Biol Celular, Inst Biol, Brasilia, DF, BrazilFiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisa Rene Rachou CPqRR, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc