Atomic carbon at redshift ~2.5

Using the IRAM 30m telescope we detected the lower fine structure line of neutral carbon towards three high--redshift sources: IRAS FSC10214 (z=2.3), SMMJ14011+0252 (z=2.5) and H1413+117 (Cloverleaf quasar, z=2.5). SMMJ14011+0252 is the first high--redshift, non--AGN source in which CI has been detected. The CI(1-0) line from FSC10214 is almost an order of magnitude weaker than previously claimed, while our detection in the Cloverleaf is in good agreement with earlier observations. The CI(1-0) linewidths are similar to the CO widths, indicating that both lines trace similar regions of molecular gas on galactic scales. Derived CI masses for all three objects are of order few 10^7 solar masses and the implied CI(1-0)/CO(3-2) line luminosity ratio is about 0.2. This number is similar to values found in local galaxies. We derive a CI abundance of 5x10^{-5} which implies significant metal enrichment of the cold molecular gas at redshifts 2.5 (age of the universe 2.7 Gyr). We conclude that the physical properties of systems at large lookback times are similar to today's starburst/AGN environments.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; accepted by A&

A 2:1 cocrystal of 6,13-dihydropentacene and pentacene

6,13-Dihydropentacene and pentacene cocrystallize in a ratio of 2:1, i.e. C22H16·0.5C22H14, during vapour transport of commercial pentacene in a gas flow. The crystal structure is monoclinic, space group P21/n, and contains one dihydropentacene molecule and half a pentacene molecule in the asymmetric unit.

Polariton Squeezing in Semiconductor Microcavities

We report squeezed polariton generation using parametric polariton four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to a bistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in order to optimize the measured squeezing. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a 9 percent squeezing on the polariton field close to the bistability turning point

Twin polaritons in semiconductor microcavities

The quantum correlations between the beams generated by polariton pair scattering in a semiconductor microcavity above the parametric oscillation threshold are computed analytically. The influence of various parameters like the cavity-exciton detuning, the intensity mismatch between the signal and idler beams and the amount of spurious noise is analyzed. We show that very strong quantum correlations between the signal and idler polaritons can be achieved. The quantum effects on the outgoing light fields are strongly reduced due to the large mismatch in the coupling of the signal and idler polaritons to the external photons

Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: consensus on pathology and molecular tests, first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy: 1st ESMO Consensus Conference in Lung Cancer; Lugano 2010

The 1st ESMO Consensus Conference on lung cancer was held in Lugano, Switzerland on 21 and 22 May 2010 with the participation of a multidisciplinary panel of leading professionals in pathology and molecular diagnostics, medical oncology, surgical oncology and radiation oncology. Before the conference, the expert panel prepared clinically relevant questions concerning five areas: early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), first-line metastatic NSCLC, second-/third-line NSCLC, NSCLC pathology and molecular testing, and small-cell lung cancer to be addressed through discussion at the Consensus Conference. All relevant scientific literature for each question was reviewed in advance. During the Consensus Conference, the panel developed recommendations for each specific question. The consensus agreement on three of these areas: NSCLC pathology and molecular testing, the treatment of first-line, and second-line/third-line therapy in metastatic NSCLC are reported in this article. The recommendations detailed here are based on an expert consensus after careful review of published data. All participants have approved this final updat