1,066 research outputs found
The enormous outer Galaxy HII region CTB 102
We present new radio recombination line observations of the previously
unstudied HII region CTB 102. Line parameters are extracted and physical
parameters describing the gas are calculated. We estimate the distance to CTB
102 to be 4.3 kpc. Through comparisons with HI and 1.42 GHz radio continuum
data, we estimate the size of CTB 102 to be 100-130 pc, making it one of the
largest HII regions known, comparable to the W4 complex. A stellar wind blown
bubble model is presented as the best explanation for the observed morphology,
size and velocities.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication by The Astrophysical
Journa
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Safeguarding the Far Future: A Broad Legal Intervention for Existential Risk Mitigation in Response to the LHC Controversy
Legal interventions can assist in mitigating existential risks (âx-risksâ) traceable to anthropogenic processes, and examining events from the past can plausibly assist in the configuration of such interventions. To that effect, this thesis considers how a controversy from the past involving particle accelerators and the alleged risk of humanityâs premature extinction (the âLHC Controversyâ) can be used as a drafting guide for the lawâs response to certain risks within the x-risk landscape.
The research aim is to examine how the LHC Controversy can inspire the design of a broad legal intervention for x-risk mitigation. Exploring what can be learnt from the LHC Controversy in this way enables the thesis to contribute to the field of x-risk mitigation. Addressing the main aim involves an investigation of the x-risk landscape and different legal and non-legal aspects characterising the LHC Controversy.
It is argued that the LHC Controversy reveals the value of a broad legal intervention which targets the reliability of scientific work assessing a relevant x-risk. The legal mechanism advanced in this thesis (âthe LHC-inspired interventionâ) is disconnected from probabilities of risk and the adjudication of competing scientific theories.
The LHC-inspired intervention entails evaluation of interconnected deficiency factors which can give credence to a concern that the underlying x-risk assessment is not, at present, as reliable as it should be. Broadly speaking, these deficiency factors require analysis of (i) the humans and organisations who consider the relevant x-risk and (ii) the possibility that they have based their conclusion(s) on flawed information or an incomplete state of knowledge or understanding
On instantons as Kaluza-Klein modes of M5-branes
Instantons and W-bosons in 5d maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
arise from a circle compactification of the 6d (2,0) theory as Kaluza-Klein
modes and winding self-dual strings, respectively. We study an index which
counts BPS instantons with electric charges in Coulomb and symmetric phases. We
first prove the existence of unique threshold bound state of (noncommutative)
U(1) instantons for any instanton number, and also show that charged instantons
in the Coulomb phase correctly give the degeneracy of SU(2) self-dual strings.
By studying SU(N) self-dual strings in the Coulomb phase, we find novel
momentum-carrying degrees on the worldsheet. The total number of these degrees
equals the anomaly coefficient of SU(N) (2,0) theory. We finally show that our
index can be used to study the symmetric phase of this theory, and provide an
interpretation as the superconformal index of the sigma model on instanton
moduli space.Comment: 54 pages, 2 figures. v2: references added, figure improved, added
comments on self-dual string anomaly, added new materials on the symmetric
phase index, other minor correction
The New âHidden Abodeâ: Reflections on Value and Labour in the New Economy
In a pivotal section of Capital, volume 1, Marx (1976: 279) notes that, in order to understand the capitalist production of value, we must descend into the âhidden abode of productionâ: the site of the labour process conducted within an employment relationship. In this paper we argue that by remaining wedded to an analysis of labour that is confined to the employment relationship, Labour Process Theory (LPT) has missed a fundamental shift in the location of value production in contemporary capitalism. We examine this shift through the work of Autonomist Marxists like Hardt and Negri, Lazaratto and Arvidsson, who offer theoretical leverage to prize open a new âhidden abodeâ outside employment, for example in the âproduction of organizationâ and in consumption. Although they can open up this new âhidden abodeâ, without LPT's fine-grained analysis of control/resistance, indeterminacy and structured antagonism, these theorists risk succumbing to empirically naive claims about the ânew economyâ. Through developing an expanded conception of a ânew hidden abodeâ of production, the paper demarcates an analytical space in which both LPT and Autonomist Marxism can expand and develop their understanding of labour and value production in today's economy. </jats:p
Cost-effectiveness of alternative methods of surgical repair of inguinal hernia
Objectives: To assess the relative cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic methods of inguinal hernia repair compared with open flat mesh and open non-mesh repair. Methods: Data on the effectiveness of these alternatives came from three systematic reviews comparing: (i) laparoscopic methods with open flat mesh or non-mesh methods; (ii) open flat mesh with open non-mesh repair; and (iii) methods that used synthetic mesh to repair the hernia defect with those that did not. Data on costs were obtained from the authors of economic evaluations previously conducted alongside trials included in the reviews. A Markov model was used to model cost-effectiveness for a five-year period after the initial operation. The outcomes of the model were presented using a balance sheet approach and as cost per hernia recurrence avoided and cost per extra day at usual activities. Results: Open flat mesh was the most cost-effective method of preventing recurrences. Laparoscopic repair provided a shorter period of convalescence and less long-term pain compared with open flat mesh but was more costly. The mean incremental cost per additional day back at usual activities compared with open flat mesh was âŹ38 and âŹ80 for totally extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal repair, respectively. Conclusions: Laparoscopic repair is not cost-effective compared with open flat mesh repair in terms of cost per recurrence avoided. Decisions about the use of laparoscopic repair depend on whether the benefits (reduced pain and earlier return to usual activities) outweigh the extra costs and intraoperative risks. On the evidence presented here, these extra costs are unlikely to be offset by the short-term benefits of laparoscopic repair.Luke Vale, Adrian Grant, Kirsty McCormack, Neil W. Scott and the EU Hernia Trialists Collaboratio
A Review of Direct Neck Measurement in Occupational Settings
No guidelines are available to orient researchers on the availability and applications of equipment and sensors for recording precise neck movements in occupational settings. In this study reports on direct measurements of neck movements in the workplace were reviewed. Using relevant keywords two independent reviewers searched for eligible studies in the following databases: Cinahal, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the inclusion criteria, 13 articles on direct neck measurements in occupational settings were retrieved from among 33,666 initial titles. These studies were then methodologically evaluated according to their design characteristics, exposure and outcome assessment, and statistical analysis. The results showed that in most of the studies the three axes of neck movement (flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation) were not simultaneously recorded. Deficiencies in available equipment explain this flaw, demonstrating that sensors and systems need to be improved so that a true understanding of real occupational exposure can be achieved. Further studies are also needed to assess neck movement in those who perform heavy-duty work, such as nurses and electricians, since no report about such jobs was identified
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