Exceptional Quartics are Ubiquitous

For each real quadratic field we constructively show the existence of infinitely many exceptional quartic number fields containing that quadratic field. On the other hand, another infinite collection of quartic exceptional fields without any quadratic subfields is also provided. Both these families are non-Galois extensions of $\mathbf{Q}$, and their normal closu res have Galois groups $D_4$ and $S_4$ respectively. We also show that an infinite number of these exceptional quartic fields have power integral basis, i.e., monogenic. We also construct large collections of exceptional number fields in all degrees greater than 4.Comment: 13 pages. Conjecture in earlier version is prove

τ*- GENERALIZED SEMICLOSED SETS IN TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

In this paper, we introduce a new class of sets called -generalized semiclosed sets and -generalized semiopen sets in topological spaces and study some of their properties

Acculturation and oral health status among Tibetan immigrants residing in Bangalore City, India

Background: This study is the first of its kind conducted among Tibetans immigrants to Bangalore City, India to study the effects of acculturation on the oral health outcomes of less established group of individuals. Objectives: To determine the Acculturation and oral health status among Tibetan immigrants in Bangalore city and to assess the relationship between them. Materials and Methods: A random sample of 560 immigrants aged 18 years and above from different Tibetan centre of Bangalore city were included for the study. Acculturation was measured using modified Psychological-behavioral acculturation scale. Dental caries experience and periodontal status were recorded. Results: 49.1% of females and 50.9% of males were in highly accultured group. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square test was performed using 5% significance level. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a strong association between DMFT and Ethnic factors, and periodontal status with language barrier and utilization of health care. Discussion: Reducing disparities in oral health status and in the use of dental services among Tibetan immigrants require attention to cultural factors such as language barrier and age at migration and immigrant’s degree of acculturation

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Zinc Stearate Hierarchical Surfaces from Different Precursors

The fabrication of zinc stearate superhydrophobic hierarchical surfaces from two precursors by a simple wet chemical route and its wettability is reported. The zinc stearate coatings were prepared from a single pot using ethanolic solutions of zinc acetate/zinc nitrate and stearic acid. The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle, and sliding angle measurements. The coatings obtained from zinc acetate precursor showed superhydrophobicity (WCA >150°) even at lower precursor concentrations. The morphology of the coatings varied with the nature as well as the concentration of the precursors

Effect of medium, explants, cytokinins and node position on in vitro shoot multiplication of Caralluma lasiantha (Wight) N.E.Br., an endemic and medicinally important plant

An efficient shoot multiplication protocol was developed for Caralluma lasiantha, an endemic medicinal plant belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. Mature explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS), (1962) medium, Gamborg's B5 (B5) and woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA), 8.87 µM, for shoot induction. The nodal explants exhibited maximum shoot sprouting frequency when cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (8.87 µM). Nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins with 3% sucrose exhibited 100% sprouting frequency. Maximum number of three to four shoots was induced from mature second nodal explants on MS medium containing BA (8.87 µM). The isolated microshoots were rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 0.54 µM. The plantlets thus developed were hardened and successfully established in soil.Key words: 6-Benzyl adenine, nodal explant, naphthalene acetic acid, Caralluma lasiantha, micro  propagation

An open comparative clinical evaluation on Uthira Vatha Suronitham (Rheumatoid Arthritis) with Siddha Trial Drugs Rasa Chendhuram (Internal) and Roga Sanjeevi Thylam (External) & Ottradam Theraphy

Clinical study on safety and efficacy of RASA CHENDHURAM internally and ROGA SANJEEVI THYLAM externally with OTTRADAM therapy in UTHIRAVADHA SURONIDHAM has been chosen for my dissertation work. Various literatures dealing with Rheumatoid arthritis had been collected from siddha and modern text book as well as drug review was mentioned in my dissertation. Standardization of drug RASA CHENDHURAM through both traditional and modern techniques. Quantitative and qualitatitive analysis of trial drug Rasa chendhuram was carried out, along with heavy metal analysis and physic-chemical analysis. Acute and sub-acute toxicity of trial drug RASA CHENDHURAM was carried out in Wister albino rats after obtaining proper permission from institutional animal ethical committee. Pharmacological activity, in vitro immune-modulatory activity for the trail drug RASA CHENDHURAM was using cell line RAW 264.7. Anti-inflammatory activity for the trial drug RASA CHENDHURAM was carried out left hind paw oedema volume. The clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the trial drugs RASA CHENDHURAM (INT), and ROGA SANJEEVI THYLAM THYLAM (EXT) WITH “OTTRADAM THERAPY in Rheumatoid arthritis patients, after getting proper approval from institutional ethical committee. The sample size was 40 patients, the duration was 24 days. 20 patients were treated with internal and external medicine. (Group I), 20 patients were treated with internal and external & ottradam theraphy (group II). The internal drug RASA CHENDHURAM was administered at the dose of 65mg twice daily, with honey. In my clinical trial some patients had Anti-CCP negative while before treatment, even though their clinical symptoms matched with my inclusion criteria, I also added them to my clinical trial. All the details about the study and the drugs were informed to the patients in their vernacular language and consent forms duly signed by them were obtained from them. Separate proforma was maintained for each and every patient. The clinical improvement was assed using pain score. Safety of the trial drug RASA CHENDHURAM was assessed by comparing the safety parameters LFT & RFT before and after treatment. Finally the statistical analysis was performing to assess the significance of the clinical trial. CONCLUSION: This study was conducted with the siddha medicines “RASA CHENDHURAM” (Internal) and ROGA SANJEEVI THYLAM (External). These medicines are indicated for vatha diseases in siddha texts. Heavy metal analysis of RCM reveal that the drug does not contain any metals like lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury. The acute and sub acute toxicity study reveals that the trial drugs RCM is safe, sub –acute toxicity studies two doses were administrated orally for 28 days Animals were observed for physiological and behavioural changes food and water, intake body weight, mortality. All the animals were sacrifices, the changes in organ weight and histology were examined no mortality were observed and no treatment related changes seen. Hence the siddha trial drugs RCM is safe in animal models While the concentration level is decreased, nitrate level is increased. Hence 25μg/ml of Rasa Chendhuram has rich level of nitrate and thus proven to be an IMMUNOMODULATOR. Anti inflammatory activity using in RCM . The paw volume was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5hr using Plethysmometer (Model 7150 UGO Basile, Italy) Edema was expressed as the mean increase in paw volume relative to control animals. Among the study sample 80%had good improvement, 10% had moderate improvement, and 10% had mild improvement. The results of the study reveal the fact that these medicines are efficacious in reducing morning stiffness, pain and swelling, restricted movement, in uthira vatha suronitham with assessing all the safety parameters of blood before and after treatment. OTTRADAM therapy along with siddha trial drugs was very effective as the overall improvement was good and to certain extent earlier in the subjects who were given ottradam theraphy. Many of these subjects had reduction or relief from morning stiffness, pain and restricted movements for about four to five hours manipulating the ottradam therapy. The LFT &RFT before and after treatment does not show any significant change in rheumatoid cases hence it is safe in human trial. In my clinical trial during the course of the trial there were no adverse effect or unwanted drug reactions in GIT, RS, CVS and excretory system. Hence the siddha trial drug “RASA CHENDHURAM” Internal medicine is proved to be a potential Anti-Rheumatoid and “ROGA SANJEEVI THYLAM” with Ottradam theraphy externally are effective in reducing morning stiffness, pain and swelling of the joints, restricted movements in uthira vatha suronidham. (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Biodegradation of tannery effluent by using tannery effluent isolate

Water is one of the most important constituent of life support system. Metals, pesticide, and large number of complex organic chemicals which are prepared through man made activities, pose serious threat to the life of mankind. Bioremediation is a process that uses naturally occurring or genetically engineered microorganism such as yeast, fungi and back to transform harmful substances. Tannery is one of the emerging sectors in industrialisation. The tannery effluent has high pollution potential. It creates serious threat to human and entire ecosystem. Biological detoxification turns to be similar, cheaper and significant. In present investigation Pseudomonas sp. was isolated from tannery effluent and its degradation on efficiency was analysed by comparing changes in the physicochemical and organic analysis of the tannery effluent before and after bacterial treatment. The results revealed that the toxic effects were mostly reduced after treatment, making the treated effluent suitable to be discharged into the environment