Plagas que atacan el follaje

The biology, damage caused, and control (cultural, chemical, and var. resistance) of the following insect pests attacking bean plant foliage are described: chrysomelids, Empoasca kraemeri, Epilachna varivestis, Trichoplusia ni, Bemisia tabaci, aphids, Tetranychus spp. Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Agromyza spp., and Hemichalepus spp. (CIAT)Se describen la biologia, el dano que ocasionan y el control (cultural, quimico y resistencia var.) de los insectos plaga que atacan el follaje de las plantas de frijol: crisomelidos, Empoasca kraemeri, Epilachna varivestis, Trichoplusia ni, Bemisia tabaci, Afidos, Tetranychus spp., Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Agromyza spp. y Hemichalepus spp. (CIAT

Plagas que atacan las vainas

The biology of pod-attacking insect pests of beans (Apion godmani, Epinotia aporema, Maruca testulalis, and Heliothis spp.) is briefly described. Cultural and chemical control measures are indicated. Some biological control measures are indicated for the case of Heliothis. (CIAT)Se describen brevemente la biologia de los insectos plaga (Apion godmani, Epinotia aporema, Maruca testulalis, Heliothis spp.) que atacan las vainas del frijol. Se indican medidas de control cultural y quimico. En el caso de Heliothis, se indican algunas medidas de control biologico. (CIAT

Living conditions during childhood and survival in later life: study design and first results

'Während der letzten Jahrzehnte ist der Lebensweg als Annäherung zu menschlichem Überleben ein zentrales Thema in der Epidemiologie und Demographie geworden. Obwohl theoretisch eine vorausblickende Studie zu Geburtenkohorten die angemessenste Forschungskonzeption für diese Art von Studien ist, haben Probleme mit Daten diesen Ansatz praktisch undurchführbar gemacht. In dem Beitrag präsentieren die Verfasser den Hauptentwurf eines Projektes, in dem die Sie eine voraussichtliche Kohortenkonzeption für historische Populationen benutzen. Dieses Projekt basiert auf einem historischen Datenset für drei niederländische Provinzen und erstreckt sich über einen Zeitraum von Mitte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts bis zum frühen einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert. Die Studie legt den Fokus insbesondere auf die Einflüsse von drei spezifischen Bedingungen auf das Überleben während des Säuglingsalter und der Kindheit bis zum Erwachsenenalter und hohem Alter: die sozio-ökonomische Bedingung der Familie, die Komposition und Struktur der Familie und die physikalische Umgebung, in der Kinder den ersten Teil ihres Lebens verbringen. Die Verfasser skizzieren kurz den theoretischen Hintergrund ihrer Studie, diskutieren die Strategie der Datensammlung und das Forschungsgebiet und präsentieren die ersten Ergebnisse einer Analyse eines Teils des Datensets, der kürzlich zugänglich wurde.' (Autorenreferat)'During the last decades, the life course approach to human survival has become a central topic in epidemiology and demography. Although in theory a prospective birth cohort study is the most appropriate research design for this kind of study, data problems have made this approach practically unfeasable. In their paper the author's present the main outlines of a project in which they use a prospective cohort design for a historical population. The project is based on a historical data-set for three provinces in the Netherlands, covering a time period from the mid-nineteenth to the early twenty-first century. Their study focuses in particular on the impact on survival to adulthood and old age of three specific conditions during infancy and childhood: the socio-economic condition of the family, the composition and structure of the family and the physical environment in which children spent the first part of their life. The author's briefly sketch the theoretical backgrounds of their study, discuss the data collection strategy and the study area, and present the first results of an analysis of a part of the data-set that recently became available.' (author's abstract

Changes in choice of spouse as an indicator of a society in a state of transition: Woerden, 1830-1930

Der Prozeß der Modernisierung hat auch in sozialer Hinsicht eine offene Gesellschaft geschaffen. Ein Indikator dafür ist das Maß an äußerer Übereinstimmung zwischen Ehepartnern. Die These, daß die Modernisierung der Gesellschaft auch eine freiere und weniger pragmatische Partnerwahl begünstigt, wird überprüft. Auf der Quellengrundlage der eingetragenen Ehen, die in der niederländischen Stadt Woerden von 1830 - 1930 geschlossen wurden, werden der Wandel in der sozialen, altersmäßigen und religiösen Übereinstimmung bei der Partnerwahl untersucht. Dabei werden sechs soziale Klassen zwischen 'Ungelernte Arbeiter' und 'Oberklasse' sowie die Religionen römisch-katholisch, calvinistisch und lutheranisch unterschieden. Die sozialen, religiösen und Altersfaktoren werden in einem Beziehungszusammenhang betrachtet. Es zeigt sich, daß die Alters- und soziale Klassenübereinstimmung abnehmen, während die religiöse Übereinstimmung zunimmt. (prf)'The 19th and 20th centuries have been an era characterised by social modernisation spurred on primarily by economic developments. The process of modernisation also had an impact on interpersonal relationships and resulted in a more open society. The degree of homogamy between husbands and wives is an important indicator for societal openness, the theory being that the changes which occurred during this period enabled people to be freer and less pragmatic when choosing a spouse. This paper examines this thesis by studying changes in social class, age- and religious homogamy based on marriage data for the town of Woerden during the period 1830-1930. In contrast to other studies which examined the degree of homogamy of each of these variables in isolation, our aim was to reveal the interrelationship between the factors which influenced a person's choice of spouse, using log-linear analyses. The results show that a unidimensional model positing a trend towards increasing openness can be misleading. A decline in social class homogamy and an increase in age homogamy - indicators which would suggest that people had more freedom when it came to choosing a spouse - were found to go hand in hand with an increase in religious homogamy - indicative of a society in the ever-tightening grip of religion.' (author's abstract

Dynamic transport scheduling under multiple resource constraints

This paper presents a heuristic for the dynamic vehicle scheduling problem with multiple resource capacity constraints. In the envisaged application, an automated transport system using Automated Guided Vehicles, bottleneck resources are (1) vehicles, (2) docks for loading/unloading, (3) vehicle parking places, and (4) load storage space. This problem is hard, because interrelated activities (loading, transportation, unloading) at several geographical locations have to be scheduled under multiple resource constraints, where the bottleneck resource varies over time. Besides, the method should be suitable for real-time planning. We developed a dedicated serial scheduling method and analyzed its dynamic behavior using discrete event simulation. We found that our method is very well able to find good vehicle schedules satisfying all resource constraints. For comparison, we used a simple approach where we left out the resource constraints and extended the processing times by statistically estimated waiting times to account for finite capacities. We found that our newly designed method finds better schedules in terms of service levels

Economic Precariousness and the Transition to Parenthood:A Dynamic and Multidimensional Approach

Economic precariousness has taken on a central role in explanations of the postponement of childbearing in developed societies. However, most studies conceptualize and operationalize precariousness as being static and one-dimensional, which provides only a partial perspective on the links between precariousness and fertility. In this paper, we study precariousness as a dynamic and multidimensional concept, distinguishing between past and current precariousness as well as between precariousness relating to income and to employment. Analyses are based on Dutch full-population register data. We select all inhabitants of the Netherlands who left education in 2006 and follow them until 2018. Event history analyses show that current and past income and employment precariousness all have independent negative effects on the first birth rate for men. Current and past employment precariousness and past income precariousness also reduce the first birth rate for women, but current income precariousness increases women’s probability of first conception. When precariousness is both persistent and multidimensional, it is associated with a threefold decrease in the monthly probability of conceiving a first child for men and almost a halving of the probability for women. Our analyses show the need for going beyond static and one-dimensional analyses in order to understand how economic precariousness may affect fertility behaviour

Temporary Employment and Family Formation:An Income or Insecurity Effect?

Recent studies show that temporary workers postpone family formation transitions, but it remains unclear whether this effect is due to the lower income or the stronger perceptions of job insecurity that go with a temporary contract. To address this question, we link data from a large-scale survey among Dutch employees to longitudinal population register data on marriage and first births. Logistic regression models estimate the effects of temporary employment on marriage and first birth, and mediation analyses assess to what extent these effects are explained by income and perceptions of job insecurity. Results show that temporarily employed women delay first birth. There is also some evidence that temporarily employed men postpone marriage and first birth. These effects are partly explained by income, which increases marriage and first birth rates among men and women alike. Perceptions of job insecurity generally had little effect on family formation, although higher marriage rates were found among women who experienced affective job insecurity. Overall, this shows that it is their low income rather than their feelings of insecurity about future employment that explains why temporary employees postpone family formation

Determinants of participation in voluntary work:a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies

Background: Participation in voluntary work may be associated with individual and societal benefits. Because of these benefits and as a result of challenges faced by governments related to population ageing, voluntary work becomes more important for society, and policy measures are aimed at increasing participation rates. In order to effectively identify potential volunteers, insight in the determinants of volunteering is needed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review including meta-analyses. Methods: A systematic search in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Business Source Premier, and EconLit was performed on August 12th 2015. We included longitudinal cohort studies conducted in developed countries that quantified factors associated with volunteering among samples from the general adult population. Two reviewers independently selected eligible studies, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using the QUIPS tool. Estimates reported in the papers were transformed into Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals. For each determinant, random-effects meta-analyses were used to generate summary estimates. Results: We found that socioeconomic status, being married, social network size, church attendance and previous volunteer experiences are positively associated with volunteering. Age, functional limitations and transitions into parenthood were found to be inversely related to volunteering. Conclusions: Important key factors have been identified as well as gaps in the current literature. Future research should be directed towards deepening the knowledge on the associations between the factors age, education, income, employment and participation in voluntary work. Moreover, major life course transitions should be studied in relation to volunteering

The Trade-Off between Female Fertility and Longevity during the Epidemiological Transition in the Netherlands

Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the relationship between women's fertility and their post-reproductive longevity. In this study, we focus on the disposable soma theory, which posits that a negative relationship between women's fertility and longevity can be understood as an evolutionary trade-off between reproduction and survival. We examine the relationship between fertility and longevity during the epidemiological transition in the Netherlands. This period of rapid decline in mortality from infectious diseases offers a good opportunity to study the relationship between fertility and longevity, using registry data from 6,359 women born in The Netherlands between 1850 and 1910. We hypothesize that an initially negative relationship between women's fertility and their longevity gradually turns less negative during the epidemiological transition, because of decreasing costs of higher parities. An initially inversed U-shaped association between fertility and longevity changes to zero during the epidemiological transition. This does suggest a diminishing environmental pressure on fertility. However, we find no evidence of an initial linear trade-off between fertility and post-reproductive survival

ArCo: the Italian Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graph

ArCo is the Italian Cultural Heritage knowledge graph, consisting of a network of seven vocabularies and 169 million triples about 820 thousand cultural entities. It is distributed jointly with a SPARQL endpoint, a software for converting catalogue records to RDF, and a rich suite of documentation material (testing, evaluation, how-to, examples, etc.). ArCo is based on the official General Catalogue of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities (MiBAC) - and its associated encoding regulations - which collects and validates the catalogue records of (ideally) all Italian Cultural Heritage properties (excluding libraries and archives), contributed by CH administrators from all over Italy. We present its structure, design methods and tools, its growing community, and delineate its importance, quality, and impact