The Cold Never Bothered Us Anyway

Dear colleagues, Writing this editorial article for the Journal of Foot & Ankle is a great pleasure and honor. It is also fantastic to watch the growth of the Journal and its strength, influence, and respect among the International Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Community. I'm a girl's dad, and after watching Disney's Frozen movie at least a million times in the last several years, I cannot avoid making a parallel of us, Latin Americans Foot and Ankle Surgeons, and the main Frozen's character, Princess Elsa. Elsa was blessed with mighty powers that she could not understand or control initially, which kept her sad and isolated. However, she was unstoppable once she could dedicate time and effort to understanding her capabilities and started funneling her powers to achieve specific goals. I was always very proud of my roots and origins. Still, I remember being extremely concerned regarding how I would be able to transition and blend into the North American and International Orthopedic Foot and ankle Community. I worried about not fitting in or being diminished. I quickly found out that the recognition and respect we have rightfully conquered throughout the years, thanks to the hard and excellent work performed by several of our Latin American Foot and Ankle icons and ancestors, had paved the way for any Latin American surgeon to blossom and succeed anywhere in the globe they decided to go. A solid and indexed journal is crucial for us to fit and participate and also highlight and unleash the top-notch quality of our surgeons and researchers. The importance of our commitment to our journal is paramount at this point. The strength of a journal comes from its authors and articles. It is beautiful to see so many researchers with different levels of experience from all over Latin America participate and collaborate in publishing their high-quality articles and supporting our journal to grow strong. Returning to Disney Frozen and Princess Elsa and the iconic “Let it Go” song that echoed inside many brains for a long time, I would now recommend that we go the other route. Let’s not let it go. Do not let it go. Let’s go all in. Everything that we do daily in our practices could be something interesting to be turned into a research project and a manuscript eventually. Things we all do could be teaching and guiding surgeons anywhere and everywhere in Latin America and worldwide. Small changes in planning and organization, setting up a team, and a strategy can support any and all of us to contribute to becoming researchers and strengthen our academic and scientific production. It is a lot of fun. So that “Brostrom” that you do every week in your own way with excellent results could influence other surgeons and other patients. The only thing you need is to put the information out. We need to organize, understand, and control our power and funnel it to strengthen our research and our journal. Don’t let it go and start/keep doing it

Progressive collapsing foot deformity: how to use new knowledge in developing countries

The 2019 progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) consensus did not only change the disease nomenclature and provided a new classification for the condition formerly known as flatfoot deformity. It was also the pinnacle of a revolution in the field in terms of knowledge and clinical perspectives. The use of advanced imaging, such as weight-bearing computed tomography, three-dimensional algorithms, and magnetic resonance, expanded the way we understand peritalar subluxation and how we can address it. However, much of these improvements felt short in terms of global reproducibility due to economic restraints. The objective of this review study is to present PCFD new concepts through the lens and realities of developing countries, considering their potentially limited access to novel technologies. Level of Evidence V; Expert opinion

Caracterização meso e microscópica de bandas de deformação em arenitos porosos: um exemplo nas tectonossequências Paleozoica, Pré- e Sin-rifte da Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil

Deformation bands are narrow tabular volumes developed in porous sandstones. Although these structures are a product of brittle deformation, they may have internally a continuous displacement gradient. When granular cataclasis is the dominant deformation mechanism, the initial properties of their host rocks (i.e., porosity and permeability) can change significantly. The deformation bands in sandstones from the pre- and syn-rift of the Araripe Basin were studied in meso and microscale in order to classify them and to understand the deformation mechanisms involved during their nucleation and development. Their geometric-spatial, kinematic, and rheological criteria allowed establishing relations between the origin of deformation bands and lithification of their host rocks. Additionally, some inferences on their influence to the fluid flow in the reservoir-scale were outlined. Moreover, the study of deformation bands contributed to the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the studied basin. Accordingly, the study of deformation bands can support research on local and regional aspects of the tectonosedimentary evolution of sedimentary basins.Bandas de deformação são estreitos volumes tabulares desenvolvidos em arenitos porosos. Apesar de produzidas em condições de deformação frágil, internamente podem apresentar gradiente de deslocamento contínuo. Quando o mecanismo de deformação dominante durante a nucleação dessas bandas é a cataclase granular, podem ser alteradas significativamente as propriedades originais de suas rochas hospedeiras, tais como porosidade e permeabilidade. Bandas de deformação, presentes nos arenitos pré- e sin-rifte da Bacia do Araripe, foram estudadas em meso e microescala com o intuito de classificá-las e de entender os mecanismos deformacionais envolvidos durante sua nucleação e desenvolvimento. Critérios geométrico-espaciais, cinemáticos e reológicos permitiram estabelecer as relações entre a gênese das bandas de deformação e a litificação dos arenitos protólitos. À luz desses dados, discutiu-se o impacto dessas estruturas no fluxo de fluido, na escala de reservatório. Além disso, o estudo das bandas de deformação auxiliou no entendimento da evolução geotectônica da bacia sedimentar estudada. Dessa maneira, o estudo das bandas de deformação pode subsidiar pesquisas sobre a evolução tectonossedimentar local e regional de bacias sedimentares

Effects of decompression time after spinal cord injury on neurologic recovery in Wistar rats

OBJETIVO: Lesões traumáticas da medula espinal são frequentemente observadas no ambiente hospitalar de politraumatismos e cursam com grande morbi-mortalidade além de grandes custos psico-sociais e de saúde publica. Até os dias de hoje o tratamento destas lesões permanece controverso, sendo que diversos estudos na literatura compararam resultados do tratamento conservador e do tratamento cirúrgico imediato, precoce e tardio. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a intervenção cirúrgica com descompressão imediata em relação à descompressão realizada após 1 hora de compressão medular. MÉTODOS: Acreditando no melhor resultado do tratamento cirúrgico este estudo realiza comparação experimental do tipo caso-controle, com análise histo-patológica e funcional, dos resultados no tratamento cirúrgico por laminectomia posterior, imediata e após 1 hora de compressão, em 25 ratos da raça Wistar. RESULTADOS: Respostas quanto à função e grau de déficit neurológico foram melhores nos ratos tratados por descompressão cirúrgica imediata em relação aos tratados após 1 hora de lesão (p=0,036). CONCLUSÃO: Quanto mais precoce a descompressão espinal nas lesões medulares traumáticas agudas, melhores seriam os resultados finais em relação à função e presença de déficit neurológico.OBJECTIVE: Traumatic spinal Cord injuries are common in patients with high-energy trauma, and have significant morbidity and mortality rates, as well as high psychological and social costs, causing a major impact on public health. To date, the treatment of such lesions remains controversial, with various studies in the literature comparing the results of non-surgical treatment with immediate, early or late surgical decompression. The objective of the present study is to compare the results of immediate and early (within 1 hour) spinal Cord decompression. METHODS: In the belief that the surgical treatment obtains the best result, this experimental study has a case-control design, with histopathological and functional analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 25 Wistar mice submitted to posterior laminectomy immediately, or after one hour of spinal Cord compression. RESULTS: in terms of functional and neurological deficit, the responses were better in the mice treated with immediate surgical decompression than in those treated one hour after the lesion (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: The earlier the decompression of spinal Cord injuries is performed, the better the end results in terms of the function and presence of neurological deficit

Direito digital e inteligência artificial: diálogos entre Brasil e Europa

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 34:004.8(81+4) D598d- Coordenado por: Mafalda Miranda Barbosa, Felipe Braga Netto, Michael César Silva e José Luiz de Moura Faleiros Júnior

Variabilidade espacial da resistência mecânica à penetração de um solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar

The continued soil use and mechanized traffic during the cultivation of sugar cane can promote alterations in the physical properties of soil, causing a fall in production. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the spatial variability of the penetration resistance of the soil, the mechanized harvesting system of sugar cane. The experiment was conducted at the farm model, located in Lambari D'Oeste-MT, on an area approximately 15 ha in dystrophic Red Latosol, in layers of 0-5cm; 5-10cm; 10-15cm; 15-20cm; 20-25cm; 25-30cm; 30-35cm; 35-40cm; 40-45cm. The experimental parcel consisted of an experimental mesh of 110 points. To determine the soil penetration resistance was used a penetrometer impact. The samples were removed for determination of water content in soil. The values were analyzed using statistical analysis exploratory and geostatistics for identification space variability and spacialization of penetration resistance in the study area. The results expressed spatial dependence in the variable on all evaluated layers. Concludes that the spatial dependence was found for the penetration soil resistance in all analyzed layers, except the surface layer (0-10 cm) the increase of the penetration resistance has identified a compaction in depth.O uso contínuo do solo e o tráfego sem controle de máquinas durante o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar podem promover alterações nas propriedades físicas do solo, provocando queda na produção. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a variabilidade espacial da resistência mecânica à penetração de um solo, no sistema de colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Modelo, localizada em Lambari D’Oeste (MT), em uma área de aproximadamente 15 ha, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico. A parcela experimental foi formada por uma malha experimental com 110 pontos, na linha de cultivo, sem medição de tráfego de máquinas, os pontos de amostragem foram georreferenciados com GPS, no sistema de projeção em UTM. Para determinação da resistência do solo à penetração utilizou-se um penetrômetro de impacto. Foram retiradas amostras das camadas nas profundidades de 0 - 15 cm, 15 - 30 cm e 30 - 45 cm, e foram também realizadas amostragem para determinação do conteúdo de água no solo. Os valores foram analisados utilizando-se estatística como analise exploratória e por geoestatística para identificação da variabilidade espacial e espacialização da resistência à penetração na área de estudo. Os resultados expressaram dependência espacial na variável em todas as camadas avaliadas. Conclui-se que a dependência espacial foi encontrada para a resistência do solo à penetração em todas as camadas analisadas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar colhida mecanicamente. Na camada de 10 - 45 cm ocorreu um aumento da resistência à penetração

Nonendodontic periapical lesions:a retrospective descriptive study in a Brazilian population

Several nonendodontic diseases can occur in the periapical region, resembling endodontic inflammatory conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of nonendodontic periapical lesions diagnosed in a Brazilian population. The files of two Oral Pathology laboratories were reviewed and all cases including at least one clinical diagnosis of endodontic periapical lesions were selected for the study. After initial selection, demographic and clinical data, clinical diagnosis and final diagnosis were reviewed and tabulated. Final diagnosis included endodontic periapical lesions, and benign and malignant nonendodontic periapical lesions. Data were descriptively and comparatively analyzed among the three groups, with a significance level of 5% (p0.05). The frequency of nonendodontic periapical lesions was high and, although the general distribution was similar to the results from other populations, some features were probably associated with the profile of the studied populations and to the methods applied in the present study. Knowledge on differential diagnosis of endodontic and nonendodontic periapical lesions is essential to avoid unnecessary treatments and diagnostic delay in routine dental practice