Comparison of methods of correction of stand in bean crops

Para avaliar a influência da perda de plantas na produção da parcela experimental, bem como comparar alguns métodos de correção de estande para o feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)), ensaios com simulação de diferentes proporções de falhas foram conduzidos em Sete Lagoas, MG, em 1983. Utilizaram-se as cultivares de feijão CNF-005 e Pintado, sendo realizado um experimento distinto para cada uma delas, em blocos casualizados, com sete repetições. Foram avaliados o número de vagens por planta, a produção de grãos por planta, e a produção de grãos em kg/ha. Os resultados obtidos foram concordantes para ambas as cultivares, e mostraram que as plantas do feijoeiro têm a capacidade de compensar as falhas através de uma maior produtividade das plantas situadas nas suas proximidades. Esta estabilidade na produção de grãos foi explicada principalmente pelo número de vagens/planta, que se mostrou suficientemente plástico para compensar a produção total de grãos em kg/ha mesmo nos menores estandes. Com relação aos métodos de correção de estande, a expressão que usou o coeficiente de regressão linear (b) mostrou-se eficiente para corrigir dados da produção de grãos e de seus componentes, enquanto a fórmula de Zuber foi tão eficiente quanto a anterior, mas apenas para a produção de grãos. In order to evaluate the influence of loss of plants on the yield of experimental plots, and to compare methods of correction of stand in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris(L.)) crops, trials with simulation of different proportions of gaps were carried out in Sete Lagoas, MG, in 1983. Two bean cultivars, CNF-005 and Pintado were used, a different trial being set up for each cultivar. The trials were conducted in randomized complete blocks with seven replicates. The number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant, and grain yield in kg/ha were assessed. The results obtained for both cultivars were in agreement, and showed that bean plants have capacity to compensate for the gaps by a greater productivity of the plants situated next to the gaps. This stability in grain yield was explained principally by the number of pads per plant, which showed itself sufficiently plastic to compensate the total grain yield in kg/ha even in the smaller stands. Regarding the methods of correction of the stands, the expression that employed the coefficient of linear regression (b) was shown to be efficient in correcting data of grain yield and its components, whilst the expression of Zuber was equally efficient, but only for grain yield.

No-match ORESTES explored as tumor markers

Sequencing technologies and new bioinformatics tools have led to the complete sequencing of various genomes. However, information regarding the human transcriptome and its annotation is yet to be completed. The Human Cancer Genome Project, using ORESTES (open reading frame EST sequences) methodology, contributed to this objective by generating data from about 1.2 million expressed sequence tags. Approximately 30% of these sequences did not align to ESTs in the public databases and were considered no-match ORESTES. On the basis that a set of these ESTs could represent new transcripts, we constructed a cDNA microarray. This platform was used to hybridize against 12 different normal or tumor tissues. We identified 3421 transcribed regions not associated with annotated transcripts, representing 83.3% of the platform. The total number of differentially expressed sequences was 1007. Also, 28% of analyzed sequences could represent noncoding RNAs. Our data reinforces the knowledge of the human genome being pervasively transcribed, and point out molecular marker candidates for different cancers. To reinforce our data, we confirmed, by real-time PCR, the differential expression of three out of eight potentially tumor markers in prostate tissues. Lists of 1007 differentially expressed sequences, and the 291 potentially noncoding tumor markers were provided

No-match ORESTES explored as tumor markers

Sequencing technologies and new bioinformatics tools have led to the complete sequencing of various genomes. However, information regarding the human transcriptome and its annotation is yet to be completed. The Human Cancer Genome Project, using ORESTES (open reading frame EST sequences) methodology, contributed to this objective by generating data from about 1.2 million expressed sequence tags. Approximately 30% of these sequences did not align to ESTs in the public databases and were considered no-match ORESTES. On the basis that a set of these ESTs could represent new transcripts, we constructed a cDNA microarray. This platform was used to hybridize against 12 different normal or tumor tissues. We identified 3421 transcribed regions not associated with annotated transcripts, representing 83.3% of the platform. The total number of differentially expressed sequences was 1007. Also, 28% of analyzed sequences could represent noncoding RNAs. Our data reinforces the knowledge of the human genome being pervasively transcribed, and point out molecular marker candidates for different cancers. To reinforce our data, we confirmed, by real-time PCR, the differential expression of three out of eight potentially tumor markers in prostate tissues. Lists of 1007 differentially expressed sequences, and the 291 potentially noncoding tumor markers were provided

Effect of live Eimeria vaccination or salinomycin on growth and immune status in broiler chickens receiving in-feed inclusion of gelatin and vitamin E

This experiment determined if 2% of gelatin, to improve the levels of proline and glycine in the diet, and 70 mg/kg of vitamin E supplementation would relieve the impaired performance of male Cobb broilers vaccinated for coccidiosis. Half of the chicks were vaccinated via water (live oocysts), while the other half received medication (salinomycin) in the feed until 35 d of age. The effects of coccidiosis vaccine on performance and mRNA levels of genes involved in mucin synthesis, cytokines, trefoil family factor-2 (TFF2), and metabolic processes (CD36) in the jejunum of broilers were measured. Vaccination negatively affected performance in the first 21 d; however, the inclusion of gelatin and vitamin E reduced this negative response. Additionally, supplementation with these nutrients led to an improvement in broilers receiving the coccidiostat (P < 0.05). From 21 to 35 d, birds treated with gelatin and coccidiosis vaccine experienced better body weight gain than birds without gelatin and vitamin E (P < 0.05). Vaccinated chickens had decreased body weight and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. Fur- thermore, they had increased inflammatory cytokine expression, mucin 2 expression, and TFF2 compared to salinomycin-fed broilers (P < 0.05). Transcripts for IL- 1B, IFN-y, MUC2, TFF2 were decreased while mRNAs for IL-4 and IL-10 increased in salinomycin-fed broilers compared to vaccinated broilers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis increase their pro-inflammatory immune status and mucin expression compared to broilers receiving salinomycin. These events may contribute to lower performance in vaccinated broiler chicks. Moreover, vitamin E and gelatin can minimize the vaccine’s negative immune effects and promote better performance

Effect of chronic treatment with Rosiglitazone on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in rats: In vivo and ex vivo studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study was designed to examine the effect of chronic treatment with rosiglitazone - thiazolidinedione used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for its insulin sensitizing effects - on the Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity and expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in normal adult rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twelve adult male Wistar rats were treated with rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg) administered by gavage for 15 days. Twelve control animals were treated with the vehicle. The ability of rosiglitazone to directly affect the production of testosterone by Leydig cells <it>ex vivo </it>was evaluated using isolated Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats. Testosterone production was induced either by activators of the cAMP/PKA pathway (hCG and dbcAMP) or substrates of steroidogenesis [22(R)-hydroxy-cholesterol (22(R)-OH-C), which is a substrate for the P450scc enzyme, and pregnenolone, which is the product of the P450scc-catalyzed step]. Testosterone in plasma and in incubation medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. The StAR and P450scc expression was detected by immunocytochemistry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The levels of total circulating testosterone were not altered by rosiglitazone treatment. A decrease in basal or induced testosterone production occurred in the Leydig cells of rosiglitazone-treated rats. The ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis of Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats revealed cells with characteristics of increased activity as well as increased StAR and P450scc expression, which are key proteins in androgen biosynthesis. However, a number of rosiglitazone-treated cells exhibited significant mitochondrial damage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results revealed that the Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats showed significant reduction in testosterone production under basal, hCG/dbcAMP- or 22 (R)-OH-C/pregnenolone-induced conditions, although increased labeling of StAR and P450scc was detected in these cells by immunocytochemistry. The ultrastructural study suggested that the lower levels of testosterone produced by these cells could be due to mitochondrial damage induced by rosiglitazone.</p

Antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of Neoglaziovia variegata (Bromeliaceae)

Antioxidant activities of Neoglaziovia variegata were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and was compared with ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The total phenolics content of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total flavonoid was also determined. The most significant total phenolic content was of 543.50 ± 9.38 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g for ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt), which presented the best antioxidant activity (IC50 5.08 ± 0.20 μg/ml) for DPPH scavenging. The acute toxicity of Nv-EtOH was performed 2.0 g/kg intraperitoneally and 5.0 g/kg orally in mice. No mortality and no toxicity signs were observed, indicating low toxicity of the extract. Blood was removed after 14 days for laboratory analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters. Alterations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine were observed. The data obtained showed that the doses induced microscopic alterations in the liver and kidney. In conclusion, the Nv-EtOH can be considered of low toxicity.Keywords: Antioxidant activity, acute toxicity, Neoglaziovia variegata, Bromeliacea

Adubos verdes: alternativa para agricultores familiares no nordeste paraense

No Estado do Pará, a busca por estratégias acessíveis e de baixo custo para a adubação dos cultivos e controle de plantas espontâneas são de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar. Visando construir e consolidar tais estratégias foi desenvolvido o presenta trabalho no ano de 2014, no nordeste paraense no município de Capitão Poço/Pará/Brasil. Inicialmente foram realizadas oficinas, palestras e dias de campo para sensibilização dos agricultores. Em seguida foi proposto à implantação de uma área demonstrativa com algumas espécies de leguminosas. Ao final do processo de pesquisa/ação participativa, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a construção e adoção destas estratégias junto aos agricultores assentados. Como resultado, realizou-se o plantio das leguminosas em consórcio com espécies frutíferas regionais, e a visualização de bons resultados com o plantio dos adubos verdes. De acordo com relatos, estes diminuíram o número de capinas, reduziram a mão de obra nos manejos e consequentemente baixaram o custo de produção.Eje: B1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Relatos de experiencias).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Adubos verdes: alternativa para agricultores familiares no nordeste paraense

No Estado do Pará, a busca por estratégias acessíveis e de baixo custo para a adubação dos cultivos e controle de plantas espontâneas são de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar. Visando construir e consolidar tais estratégias foi desenvolvido o presenta trabalho no ano de 2014, no nordeste paraense no município de Capitão Poço/Pará/Brasil. Inicialmente foram realizadas oficinas, palestras e dias de campo para sensibilização dos agricultores. Em seguida foi proposto à implantação de uma área demonstrativa com algumas espécies de leguminosas. Ao final do processo de pesquisa/ação participativa, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a construção e adoção destas estratégias junto aos agricultores assentados. Como resultado, realizou-se o plantio das leguminosas em consórcio com espécies frutíferas regionais, e a visualização de bons resultados com o plantio dos adubos verdes. De acordo com relatos, estes diminuíram o número de capinas, reduziram a mão de obra nos manejos e consequentemente baixaram o custo de produção.Eje: B1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Relatos de experiencias).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Adubos verdes: alternativa para agricultores familiares no nordeste paraense

No Estado do Pará, a busca por estratégias acessíveis e de baixo custo para a adubação dos cultivos e controle de plantas espontâneas são de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar. Visando construir e consolidar tais estratégias foi desenvolvido o presenta trabalho no ano de 2014, no nordeste paraense no município de Capitão Poço/Pará/Brasil. Inicialmente foram realizadas oficinas, palestras e dias de campo para sensibilização dos agricultores. Em seguida foi proposto à implantação de uma área demonstrativa com algumas espécies de leguminosas. Ao final do processo de pesquisa/ação participativa, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a construção e adoção destas estratégias junto aos agricultores assentados. Como resultado, realizou-se o plantio das leguminosas em consórcio com espécies frutíferas regionais, e a visualização de bons resultados com o plantio dos adubos verdes. De acordo com relatos, estes diminuíram o número de capinas, reduziram a mão de obra nos manejos e consequentemente baixaram o custo de produção.Eje: B1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Relatos de experiencias).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale