Educação em saúde e espiritualidade: proposições metodológicas

A complexidade inerente à vida humana no período contemporâneo traz à luz novos desafios para os profissionais de saúde, concernentes às inter-relações entre saúde e espiritualidade. Para além dos limites da fisiologia corporal, a consideração do ser humano do ponto de vista integral representa um aspecto importante da formação dos profissionais da área. O objetivo deste artigo é abordar as interconexões entre saúde e espiritualidade, e contribuir para as reflexões a respeito das possíveis abordagens de inclusão destas questões nos currículo

Conocimiento de los familiares de niños con diabetes mellitus 1 atendidos en un centro de referencia

Introdução: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 1 é uma das doenças crônicas mais comuns da infância e requer cuidados especiais exigindo do paciente e dos cuidadores comportamento que se adeque as demandas do tratamento, buscando um controle da doença, adesão à terapêutica e conhecimento do que envolve a patologia. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de conhecimento dos familiares de crianças e adolescentes com DM tipo 1, atendidas em um centro de referência em DM do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 62 familiares de crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com DM1, que responderam dois questionários, um com variáveis sociodemográficas e outro sobre o conhecimento da doença. Resultados: O estudo identificou um bom conhecimento sobre a doença, havendo diferença significativa (p = 0,005) quando comparado ao nível de escolaridade dos participantes. Do total, 25% dos avaliados estavam abaixo do preconizado pelo teste. Conclusão: Os participantes possuem um bom conhecimento sobre a doença, contudo outros fatores implicam para o não controle da DM. Destaca-se a importância de os profissionais estarem capacitados para continuar a desempenhar atividades educativas, que visem a individualidade de cada família atendida.Introduction: Type 1 DM is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, requires special care and demands of patients and caregivers behavior that suit the demands of treatment, seeking a control of the disease, adherence to therapy and knowledge of what involves the disease. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge of the relatives of children and adolescents with type 1 DM, attended at a referral center in DM in southern Brazil. Methods: A transversal study with a quantitative approach performed with 62 family members of children and adolescents diagnosed with DM1, who answered two questionnaires, one with sociodemographic variables and other about the knowledge of the disease. Results: The study identified a good knowledge about the disease, with a significant difference (p = 0.005) when compared to the level of education of the participants. Of the total, 25% of those evaluated were below the recommended level in the test. Conclusion: Those guardians have a good knowledge about the disease, however other factors imply in the not controlling of the DM. It is important to highlight the importance of professionals be prepared to continue to carry out educational activities that aim at the individuality of each family attended.La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una de las enfermedades crónicas más comunes de la infancia y requiere cuidados especiales que requieren del paciente y de los cuidadores comportamiento que se adecue a las demandas del tratamiento, buscando un control de la enfermedad, adhesión a la terapéutica y conocimiento implica la patología. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimiento de los familiares de niños y adolescentes con DM tipo 1, atendidos en un centro de referencia en DM del sur de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo realizado con 62 familiares de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con DM1, que respondieron dos cuestionarios, uno con variables sociodemográficas y otro sobre el conocimiento de la enfermedad. Resultados: El estudio identificó un buen conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, habiendo diferencia significativa (p = 0,005) cuando comparado al nivel de escolaridad de los participantes. Del total, el 25% de los evaluados estaban por debajo del preconizado por la prueba. Conclusión: Los participantes poseen un buen conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, sin embargo otros factores implican para el no control de la DM. Se destaca la importancia de que los profesionales estén capacitados para continuar desempeñando actividades educativas, que apunte a la individualidad de cada familia atendida

First record of in vitro formation of ectomycorrhizae in Psidium cattleianum Sabine, a native Myrtaceae of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Like many other species of trees native to the Brazilian Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest), the Myrtaceae, such as the Red Araza (Psidium cattleianum Sabine), are widely cited as arbuscular mycorrhizal formers. Nevertheless, recent studies show evidence that Myrtaceae from different tropical, subtropical and neotropical ecosystems can also prompt the formation of ectomycorrhizae, indicating that this species' ectomycorrhizal status should be further explored. Because of this, this research effort studied the in vitro interaction between the Red Araza and two ectomycorrhizal fungi isolates, belonging to the Pisolithus microcarpus (D17) and Scleroderma citrinum (UFSC-Sc133) species. An analysis was performed to determine the formation of ectomycorrhizal structures, or lack thereof, and the developmental differences between the in vitro mycorrhized and non-mycorrhized plants. The analysis proved that indeed an ectomycorrhizal association was developed between the Red Araza, and the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates, a fact never before registered in the existing literature. After an in vitro period of 110 days, it was confirmed that the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates formed mycorrhizal colonization of 91.6% and 15.7%, respectively. Furthermore, both isolates also promoted root thickening, and the formation of a fungal mantle and a Hartig net. However, when compared to the Control plants, the fungal isolates did not contribute to an increase in the development of the subject plants, possibly due to the specific experimental conditions used, such as a high humidity environment and high availability of nutrients in the symbiotic substrate

The Influence of Hip and Knee Joint Angles on Quadriceps Muscle-Tendon Unit Properties during Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction

Determining how the quadriceps femoris musculotendinous unit functions, according to hip and knee joint angles, may help with clinical decisions when prescribing knee extension exercises. We aimed to determine the effect of hip and knee joint angles on structure and neuromuscular functioning of all constituents of the quadriceps femoris and patellar tendon properties. Twenty young males were evaluated in four positions: seated and supine in both 20° and 60° of knee flexion (SIT20, SIT60, SUP20, and SUP60). Peak knee extension torque was determined during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Ultrasound imaging was used at rest and during MVIC to characterize quadriceps femoris muscle and tendon aponeurosis complex stiffness. We found that peak torque and neuromuscular efficiency were higher for SUP60 and SIT60 compared to SUP20 and SIT20 position. We found higher fascicle length and lower pennation angle in positions with the knee flexed at 60°. The tendon aponeurosis complex stiffness, tendon force, stiffness, stress, and Young’s modulus seemed greater in more elongated positions (60°) than in shortened positions (20°). In conclusion, clinicians should consider positioning at 60° of knee flexion rather than 20°, regardless if seated or supine, during rehabilitation to load the musculotendinous unit enough to stimulate a cellular response

First record of <i>in vitro</i> formation of ectomycorrhizae in <i>Psidium cattleianum</i> Sabine, a native Myrtaceae of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest - Fig 3

<p><b>Root system details of the Red Araza non-inoculated plants (A) and of the Red Araza inoculated <i>in vitro</i> with the D17 (</b><i>Pisolithus microcarpus</i><b>) ectomycorrhizal isolate (B, C, D, E, F and G).</b> (A) Roots non-colonized by radicular hairs (p). (B) detail showing roots partially (ri) and completely (re)covered by mycelium. (C) Sample showing a colonized root's pinnate monopodial morphotype (re). (D) Secondary root covered by yellowish mycelium, with mantle (ma) formation on the apex. (E) and (F) Secondary roots covered by the mantle, with yellowish rhizomorphs (rz). (G) Details of the dichotomized secondary roots. Bars represent a 1 mm scale.</p

Schema representing the bioassay of the <i>in vitro</i> association between <i>Psidium cattleianum</i> (Red Araza) and ectomycorrhizal fungi D17 and UFSC-Sc133.

<p>(A) Methodology for the symbiosis bioassay. (B) Test tubes containing vermiculite and Red Araza seedlings, where: <i>Ct</i>, control (no fungi added); <i>Sc</i>, treated with mycelium from the UFSC-Sc133 (<i>Scleroderma citrinum</i>) isolate; and Pi, treated with mycelium from the D17 (<i>Pisolithus microcarpus</i>) isolate. *Modified Melin-Norkrans Medium [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0196984#pone.0196984.ref027" target="_blank">27</a>] containing 10 g of glucose, 5 g of sucrose, and 200% of the micronutrients from an MS0 medium [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0196984#pone.0196984.ref028" target="_blank">28</a>]. Squares were dimensioned at 1 cm by 1 cm.</p

First record of <i>in vitro</i> formation of ectomycorrhizae in <i>Psidium cattleianum</i> Sabine, a native Myrtaceae of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest - Fig 2

<p><b>General aspects (A, B and C) and details (D, E and F) of the root system from the Red Araza plants inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (fEcM), after 110 days of</b><i>in vitro</i><b>cultivation.</b> (A) and (D) Control plants, no fEcM inoculation. (B) and (E) Plants inoculated with <i>Pisolithus microcarpus</i> (D17). (C) and (F) Plants inoculated with <i>Scleroderma citrinum</i> (UFSC-Sc133). (p, radicular hairs; m, fungal mantle; c, mycelial cords). Squares were dimensioned at 1 cm by 1 cm.</p

First record of <i>in vitro</i> formation of ectomycorrhizae in <i>Psidium cattleianum</i> Sabine, a native Myrtaceae of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest - Fig 4

<p><b>Root cross-sections of the Red Araza non-inoculated plants (A, D) and of the Red Araza inoculated</b><i>in vitro</i><b>with the D17 (B, E) and UFSC-Sc133 (C, F) isolates.</b> D17 –<i>Pisolithus microcarpus</i>; UFSC-Sc133 –<i>Scleroderma citrinum</i>. Note the presence of radicular hairs (p) in A and D, and the formation of a mantle (ma) that partially (C and F) or completely (B and E) covers the root. E and F show the presence of a Hartig net (rH). (ep, epidermis; vc, conducting vessels; en, endoderm).</p