Avaliação de desinfetantes de superfície utilizados em Odontologia

Surface disinfection is a procedure carried out on the external parts of the dental equipment as well as on other items of the dental office. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of 4 surface disinfectants utilized in dentistry: 77°GL alcohol, phenolic compound (Duplofen), iodophor (PVP-I) and 77°GL alcohol with 5% of chlorhexidine. Four surfaces of the equipment were analyzed in the study (the carter, the washbasin for hand-washing, the headrest of the chair and the external surface of the reflector), and the spray-wipe-spray procedure was carried out. From each surface, samples were collected by means of surface plates containing Mitis Salivarius bacitracin sucrose agar, Sabouraud Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, MacConkey agar and blood agar, for counting mutans streptococci, Candida yeasts, gram-negative bacteria and total microorganisms, respectively (ufc/plate). The results were statistically analyzed by means of the Student's t test in order to compare the mean ufc/plate values. The most effective disinfectant was 77°GL alcohol with 5% of chlorhexidine, mainly against gram-positive bacteria. Iodophor and phenolic compound were also effective in microbial reduction. 77°GL alcohol was the least effective product - however, although it is not considered as a surface disinfectant, it produced, in this study, statistically significant microbial reduction after the disinfecting procedure.Desinfecção de superfície é um procedimento realizado nas áreas externas do equipamento odontológico e demais itens do consultório. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ação de quatro desinfetantes utilizados em Odontologia: álcool etílico a 77°GL, composto fenólico (Duplofen), iodóforo (PVP-I) e solução de álcool etílico a 77°GL com 5% de clorexidina para desinfecção de superfície. Foram analisados quatro pontos em cada equipamento ("carter", pia de lavagem de mãos, encosto de cabeça da cadeira e superfície frontal externa do refletor), utilizando-se a técnica de "spray-wipe-spray". De cada ponto, foram coletadas amostras utilizando-se placas de superfície contendo ágar Mitis Salivarius bacitracina sacarose, ágar Sabouraud Dextrose com cloranfenicol, ágar MacConkey e ágar-sangue para contagem de estreptococos do grupo mutans, leveduras do gênero Candida, bactérias gram-negativas e contagem total de microrganismos, respectivamente (ufc/placa). Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se teste t de Student para comparação entre as médias de ufc/placa. O desinfetante que demonstrou ser mais efetivo na redução microbiana foi a solução alcoólica de clorexidina, principalmente para bactérias gram-positivas. O iodo e o composto fenólico mostraram ser bastante eficazes na redução microbiana. O álcool etílico a 77°GL foi o menos eficaz dos quatro desinfetantes analisados, mas apesar de não ser indicado como desinfetante de superfície, mostrou, no presente trabalho, redução microbiana estatisticamente significativa após o processo de desinfecção

Perfil de sensibilidade de Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. isolados de brinquedos de brinquedoteca de um hospital de ensino

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on toys in the playroom of a teaching hospital, as well to as analyze the antimicrobial from the isolated strains.MethodsSamples were collected from 60 toys, using wet swabs, soon after being used by the children. The samples were inoculated in enriched and selective agar for isolation and later identification of the microorganisms. Antibiogram testing was performed by agar diffusion technique.ResultsThe genus Staphylococcus was present in 87.0% (52/60) of the toys. Seventythree strains were isolated, with 29.0% (21/73) coagulase-positive and 71.0% (52/73) coagulase-negative. Among the coagulase-negative strains, 90.4% were resistant to penicillin, 65.4% to oxacillin, 28.8% to clarithromycin, 61.5% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. Among the coagulase-positive strains, 76.2% were resistant to penicillin, 23.8% to oxacillin, 23.8% to clarithromycin, 47.6% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. The genus Streptococcus was not detected in any of the evaluated toys.ConclusionsToys can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, representing a possible source of nosocomial infection for patients who are already debilitated

Sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from toys used in a teaching hospital playroom* *Study conducted at Instituto Básico de Biociências da Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on toys in the playroom of a teaching hospital, as well to as analyze the antimicrobial resistance from isolated strains.MethodsSamples were collected from 60 toys, using wet swabs, soon after being used by the children. The samples were inoculated in enriched and selective agar for isolation and later identification of the microorganisms. Antibiogram testing was performed by agar diffusion technique.ResultsThe genus Staphylococcus was present in 87.0% (52/60) of the toys. Seventy-three strains were isolated, with 29.0% (21/73) coagulase-positive and 71.0% (52/73) coagulase-negative. Among the coagulase-negative strains, 90.4% were resistant to penicillin, 65.4% to oxacillin, 28.8% to clarithromycin, 61.5% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. Among the coagulase-positive strains, 76.2% were resistant to penicillin, 23.8% to oxacillin, 23.8% to clarithromycin, 47.6% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. The genus Streptococcus was not detected in any of the evaluated toys.ConclusionsToys can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, representing a possible source of nosocomial infection for patients who are already debilitated

Análise da atividade inibitória de óleo essencial de Citrus Aurantifolia sobre Candida Albicans

Citurs Aurantifolia (C. aurantifolia), conhecida popularmente por Lima da Pérsia, vem sendo usada na medicina popular como antimicrobiano, entre outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade inibitória do óleo essencial de C. aurantifolia sobre C. albicans. Discos de papel foram embebidos com 0,05 mL de óleo essencial de C. aurantifolia e colocados para secar em estufa 50 ºC por 24 h. Após reativação, cada cepa de C. albicans (n=25) foi suspendida em solução salina esterilizada (106 céls/mL) e, com auxílio de pipeta esterilizada, 0,1mL das suspensões foram transferidas para placas de agar Müller-Hinton. Com uma pinça cada disco foi colocado no centro da placa. Depois de incubadas a 37 ºC por 24h, a leitura foi realizada observando-se a presença ou ausência de halo de inibição. Não houve halo de inibição para nenhuma das cepas testadas. O óleo essencial de C. aurantifolia não demonstrou potencial inibitório sobre C. albicans

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio