ESTADO EMOCIONAL MATERNO E SUPORTE SOCIAL NA SÍNDROME DO X FRÁGIL

The Fragile X Syndrome is a rare developmental disorder, generally underdiagnosed, despite being the more frequent inherited cause of cognitive impairment and the best known genetic origin for autism. We also know little about how fathers and mothers of children with FXS live their expe- rience given the presence of the disease, especially since such experience depends directly on the social and cultural context in which it takes place. The main objective of this work is to contribute to the recognition of the implications of having a child with FXS in the life history of mothers, in particular the impact on their emotional state and the value of social support. A case study methodology was used, with the mother of a teenager living in a rural setting in southern Portugal. The results indicate: a) the possibility of identifying the most significant moments and periods according with the school trajectory and the effective diagnosis, b) changes in mother’s emotional state resulting from these moments and c) weak social support facing the expressed emotional needs

New christians, converted hindus, jesuits, and the inquisition

This paper analyses the complex relationship between Jesuits, New Christians, converted Hindus, and the Inquisition. The collaboration of Jesuits with the Holy Office did not prevent voices from being raised within the Society of Jesus against the tribunal’s practices, which were observed with caution by the first Jesuit leaders. For their part, conversos were initially welcomed into the Society and even assumed high positions in the Society, such as the second superior general. Despite the difficult history of intolerance and inquisitorial persecution against New Christians, in the seventeenth century, Jesuits in Portugal became prominent advocates of their cause. In turn, Hindu conversion strategies fueled disputes and tensions between the Society of Jesus and the Inquisition of Goa. Their strained relations make these disputes an important historiographical subject for understanding many of the plots and dramas of Portuguese society under the Old Regime.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Modelo SIR para propagação da Covid-19 no Estado da Paraíba (Brasil)

Este trabalho visa aplicar o modelo compartimental do tipo SIR (Susceptível - Infectado - Removido) na evolução do Covid-19 no Estado da Paraíba e na cidade de Campina Grande - PB. Para tanto, os parâmetros do modelo foram considerados variáveis ao longo da evolução no tempo, dentro de um intervalo adequado. O sistema de equações diferenciais foi resolvido numericamente usando o método de Euler. Os parâmetros foram obtidos ajustando-se o modelo aos dados de infectados fornecidos pela Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Paraíba. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o modelo descreve bem a população infectada. Houve redução no número efetivo de reprodução no Estado da Paraíba e na Cidade de Campina Grande nos períodos analisados. Ressalta-se que, compreender a dinâmica de transmissão da infecção e avaliação da eficácia das medidas de controle, é crucial para avaliar o potencial de ocorrência de transmissão sustentada em novas áreas. O modelo também pode ser aplicado para descrever a dinâmica da epidemia em outras regiões e países.This work aims to apply the SIR-type compartmental model (Susceptible - Infected - Removed) in the evolution of Covid-19 in Paraíba's State and Campina Grande City. For that, the parameters of the model were considered to be variable during time evolution, within an appropriate range. The system of differential equations was solved numerically using the Euler method. The parameters were obtained by adjusting the model to the infected data provided by the Paraíba Health Department. According to the results obtained, the model describes the infected population well. There was a reduction in the effective reproduction number in Paraíba and the town of Campina Grande. It is noteworthy that understanding the dynamics of infection transmission and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial to assess the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas. The model can also be applied to describe epidemic dynamics in other regions and countries.

Single cell oil production by oleaginous yeasts grown in synthetic and waste-derived volatile fatty acids

Four yeast isolates from the species—Apiotrichum brassicae, Candida tropicalis, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Pichia kudriavzevii—previously selected by their oleaginous character and growth flexibility in different carbon sources, were tested for their capacity to convert volatile fatty acids into lipids, in the form of single cell oils. Growth, lipid yields, volatile fatty acids consumption, and long-chain fatty acid profiles were evaluated in media supplemented with seven different volatile fatty acids (acetic, butyric, propionic, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, and caproic), and also in a dark fermentation effluent filtrate. Yeasts A. brassicae and P. kudriavzevii attained lipid productivities of more than 40% (w/w), mainly composed of oleic (>40%), palmitic (20%), and stearic (20%) acids, both in synthetic media and in the waste-derived effluent filtrate. These isolates may be potential candidates for single cell oil production in larger scale applications by using alternative carbon sources, combining economic and environmental benefits.This work was supported by the European project "VOLATILE-Biowaste derived volatile fatty acid platform for biopolymers, bioactive compounds and chemical building blocks" (Call H2020-NMBP-BIO-2016 Grant agreement No. 720777) and by the strategic programme UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P., by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020

Agentes etiológicos da diarréia em pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência tipo-1: revisão

Despite the importance of understanding the epidemiology of agents responsible for infectious diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, the number of articles about this subject is relatively few. The current article summarizes published data on bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic enteropathogens in the HIV/AIDS seropositive subjects in different countries, regions and localities. In general, there is a great difference in the frequencies of etiological agents due to factors which include immune status, geographical location, climate and socioeconomic conditions. It is important to stress that a great prevalence of infection by emergent agents has been reported in the more advanced stages of AIDS. Therefore, to establish specific treatment depends directly on knowledge of these agents and risk factors associated to their distribution. Moreover, the colonization by potential pathogenic agents verified in these individuals is high thus implicating that they act as carriers. Finally, public health measures of control and prevention must take into consideration the regional previously identified enteropathogens, especially in areas where HIV prevalence is high.Muito embora a importância do conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia dos agentes responsáveis pela diarréia infecciosa nos portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e/ou doentes pela síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA), o número de artigos científicos sobre o tema é relativamente pequeno. Este artigo resume os dados já publicados sobre os enteropatógenos bacterianos, fúngicos, virais e parasitários que acometem os indivíduos soropositivos para o HIV e/ou doentes pela SIDA em diferentes países, regiões e localidades. Em geral, existe uma grande diferença nas freqüências dos agentes etiológicos, devido a fatores que incluem status imunológico, localização geográfica, clima e condições socioeconômicas. Ressalta-se, que é grande a prevalência de infecção por agentes emergentes nos estágios mais avançados da SIDA. Portanto, o estabelecimento de tratamento específico depende diretamente do conhecimento desses agentes bem como dos fatores de risco associados à sua distribuição. Ademais, a colonização por patógenos em potencial nesses indivíduos é elevada o que determina o estado de portadores assintomáticos. Por fim, medidas em saúde pública relativas ao controle e prevenção da diarréia nessa população devem considerar os enteropatógenos de importância regional, especialmente em áreas onde a prevalência do HIV é elevada

Production of dicarboxylic acid platform chemicals using yeasts: focus on succinic acid

The biotechnological production of biobased dicarboxylic acids has recently become a hot topic in industrial biotechnology, with many investments involved in the development, piloting, and validation at demonstration scale of diverse processes using renewable raw materials. This chapter will review the main markets and applications of commercially relevant dicarboxylic acids and will briefly present their current chemical and biotechnological production processes. The chapter will mainly focus on the particular case of succinic acid. The microbial platforms that have been proposed will be reviewed with emphasis on yeast strains. The basic requirements for setting up and scaling the bioprocess and the required purification strategy to obtain an economically feasible process yielding a product meeting the required specifications will be presented. Throughout the chapter, the specific challenges of using very low-cost raw materials such as agro-industrial residues will be highlighted.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aplicação do Modelo de Von Bertalanffy na Avicultura Familiar

A avicultura familiar é de grande importância por ser de baixo custo e assegurar muitas vezes a melhoria da qualidade da alimentação do produtor e da sua família, bem como para complementar o orçamento de famílias em pequenos municípios em vários estados brasileiros. O modelo de crescimento não linear de Von Bertalanffy foi adaptado para descrever a curva de crescimento de galinhas caipiras criadas soltas. Para tanto, foi realizado um trabalho experimental para coleta dos dados peso-idade, de forma que as aves não foram submetidas a uma dieta específica para acelerar o crescimento, sendo adotado o manejo comumente utilizado na avicultura familiar. Os parâmetros do modelo são considerados constantes e foram obtidos a partir dos dados experimentais. Além disso, a constante de alometria foi calculada para esta espécie específica. Utilizando o modelo de Von Bertalanffy, foi possível compreender melhor o processo de crescimento em peso da galinha caipira e fornecer informações ao produtor rural tais como: o peso máximo da ave e a melhor idade para o abate. Portanto, a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho mostra uma forma de inserção da extensão em disciplinas do ensino superior, por meio da aplicação do conhecimento na comunidade

Application of the Von Bertalanffy Model in Family poultry

Family poultry farming is of great importance because it is low cost and ensures many times the improvement of the food quality of the producer and his family, as well as to complement the budget of families in small municipalities in several Brazilian states. The Von Bertalanffy growth model nonlinear was adapted to describe the growth curve of free-range chickens. Therefore, an experimental work was carried out to collect theweight-age data, where that the birds were not submitted to a specific diet to accelerate growth, adopting the management commonly used in family poultry farming. The parametersof the model are considered constant and were obtained from the experimental data. In addition Furthermore, the allometry constant was calculated for this specific species. Using Von Bertalanffy model it was possible to better understand the process of growth in chicken weight caipira and provide information to the rural producer such as: the maximum weight of the bird and the best agefor slaughter. Therefore, the methodology used in this work shows a way of inserting extension into higher education subjects, through the application of knowledge in the community.A avicultura familiar é de grande importância por ser de baixo custo e assegurar muitas vezes a melhoria da qualidade da alimentação do produtor e da sua família, bem como para complementar o orçamento de famílias em pequenos municípios em vários estados brasileiros. O modelo de crescimento não linear de Von Bertalanffy foi adaptado para descrever a curva de crescimento de galinhas caipiras criadas soltas. Para tanto, foi realizado um trabalho experimental para coleta dos dados peso-idade, de forma que as aves não foram submetidas a uma dieta específica para acelerar o crescimento, sendo adotado o manejo comumente utilizado na avicultura familiar. Os parâmetros do modelo são considerados constantes e foram obtidos a partir dos dados experimentais. Além disso, a constante de alometria foi calculada para esta espécie específica. Utilizando o modelo de Von Bertalanffy, foi possível compreender melhor o processo de crescimento em peso da galinha caipira e fornecer informações ao produtor rural tais como: o peso máximo da ave e a melhor idade para o abate. Portanto, a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho mostra uma forma de inserção da extensão em disciplinas do ensino superior, por meio da aplicação do conhecimento na comunidade

Modified high-throughput Nile red fluorescence assay for the rapid screening of oleaginous yeasts using acetic acid as carbon source

Background: Over the last years oleaginous yeasts have been studied for several energetic, oleochemical, medical and pharmaceutical purposes. However, only a small number of yeasts are known and have been deeply exploited. The search for new isolates with high oleaginous capacity becomes imperative, as well as the use of alternative and ecological carbon sources for yeast growth. Results: In the present study a high-throughput screening comprising 366 distinct yeast isolates was performed by applying an optimised protocol based on two approaches: (I) yeast cultivation on solid medium using acetic acid as carbon source, (II) neutral lipid estimation by fluorimetry using the lipophilic dye Nile red. Conclusions: Results showed that, with the proposed methodology, the oleaginous potential of yeasts with broad taxonomic diversity and variety of growth characteristics was discriminated. Furthermore, this work clearly demonstrated the association of the oleaginous yeast character to the strain level, contrarily to the species-level linkage, as usually stated.This work was supported by the European project “VOLATILE - Biowaste derived volatile fatty acid platform for biopolymers, bioactive compounds and chemical building blocks “(Call H2020-NMBP-BIO-2016 Grant agreement No. 720777) and by the strategic programme UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P., by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020

Oral Candida albicans colonization in healthy individuals: prevalence, genotypic diversity, stability along time and transmissibility

In this study, 181 healthy individuals, including 29 couples, were analysed regarding oral yeast colonization using a culture-based approach. Results showed that 39% of the individuals were yeast carriers, 89% being colonized with Candida albicans, 5% with C. guilliermondi, 3% with C. lusitaniae and 3% with C. parapsilosis. Sixty-two percent of the couples had at least one member colonized. Colonization and CFU counts were higher in the couples´ group. Eighty percent of the volunteers were colonized with C. albicans strains with only one CAI genotype, while two but similar CAI genotypes inhabited the oral cavity of the remaining 20% individuals. The same CAI genotypes were found in 66.6% of the couples when both were colonized. Our results indicate that the intimacy among couples increases the probability of heavy cross-colonization, which is potentiated when one member of the couple is a smoker.This work was supported by the strategic programme UID/ BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P., by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020, also by the strategic pro-gramme UID/BIA/04050/2019 funded by national funds through the FCT I.P., and by the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020 funded by national funds through the FCT I.P..info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio