Interkulturalnost kao izazov za pristupačnost?

Understanding access to culture for deaf students first of all means understanding the diversity of schooling situations. It is important to question the transmission of knowledge with regard to bilingualism for these students because teaching is based on a conceptualization. There is a lack of empirical data, so we shall try to explore the gap between the needs of students and their teachers and the responses proposed by cultural institutions based on the French case. Two surveys are cross in a secondary analysis process. We want to compare the expectations of special teachers with the proposals of cultural institutions. The key questions and possible answers thus raised, allow for a better knowledge of the specific actions developed to welcome this type of public. First, we will describe the expectations of each of the professionals with regard to their training. We will present the main results that highlight the emergence of new interdisciplinary needs, and question the training of educators in the face of multiple communication difficulties. We will then discuss the answers provided by the Ocelles project based on a multilingual and multimodal collaborative website in Open data. This conceptualization tool, designed from a semiotic triangle, enables participants to construct interculturality in a synchronous and diachronic approach.Razumijevanje pristupa kulturi gluhih učenika ponajprije znači razumijevanje raznolikosti obrazovnih situacija. Važno je preispitati prenošenje znanja s obzirom na dvojezičnost tih učenika, jer se poučavanje temelji na konceptualizaciji. Zbog nedostatka empirijskih istraživanja, usmjerili smo se na istraživanje raskoraka između potreba učenika i njihovih učitelja te odgovora predloženih od strane kulturnih institucija, na primjeru Francuske. Na temelju dva istraživanja uspoređena su očekivanja specijaliziranih učitelja s prijedlozima kulturnih institucija. Ključna postavljena pitanja kao i mogući odgovori omogućuju bolje razumijevanje specifičnih postupaka razvijenih u svrhu prihvatljivosti ove zajednice. Prvo su opisana očekivanja stručnjaka u odnosu na njihove kvalifikacije. Rezultati naglašavaju pojavu novih interdisciplinarnih potreba. Preispitno je obrazovanje učitelja u svjetlu višestrukih komunikacijskih poteškoća. Analizirani su odgovori dobiveni u projektu Ocelles koji je utemeljen na multilingvalnoj i multimodalnoj kolaborativnoj mrežnoj stranici u Open data. Ovaj konceptualni alat, dizajniran iz semiotičkog trokuta, omogućuje sudionicima da konstruiraju interkulturalnost putem sinhronijskog i dijakronijskog pristupa

FaDIn: Fast Discretized Inference for Hawkes Processes with General Parametric Kernels

Temporal point processes (TPP) are a natural tool for modeling event-based data. Among all TPP models, Hawkes processes have proven to be the most widely used, mainly due to their simplicity and computational ease when considering exponential or non-parametric kernels. Although non-parametric kernels are an option, such models require large datasets. While exponential kernels are more data efficient and relevant for certain applications where events immediately trigger more events, they are ill-suited for applications where latencies need to be estimated, such as in neuroscience. This work aims to offer an efficient solution to TPP inference using general parametric kernels with finite support. The developed solution consists of a fast L2 gradient-based solver leveraging a discretized version of the events. After supporting the use of discretization theoretically, the statistical and computational efficiency of the novel approach is demonstrated through various numerical experiments. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is evaluated by modeling the occurrence of stimuli-induced patterns from brain signals recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG). Given the use of general parametric kernels, results show that the proposed approach leads to a more plausible estimation of pattern latency compared to the state-of-the-art

L’État, une affaire de police ?

Alors que le caractère étatique de la police est souvent postulé par les sciences sociales qui s’intéressent à cette institution, cet article entreprend de montrer comment la mise en incertitude de ce lien naturalisé peut contribuer à un renouvellement de la sociologie de l’État. À partir d’une étude de terrain effectuée auprès d’un service de contrôle interne de la police nationale, l’Inspection générale des services, l’article montre que les investigations menées au sein de cette instance concernant des faits de violence et des faits de dévoiements de la fonction policière mettent au jour de manière pratique les contours flous de ce que la sociologie anglo-saxonne appelle la police discretion. L’analyse minutieuse de la répartition des sanctions prises à l’issue d’une enquête et des motifs d’inculpation qui conduisent des policiers face à un conseil de discipline permet alors de proposer une sociologie des épreuves dans l’État, c’est-à-dire des moments au cours desquels s’éprouve l’étatité de la police.The “stateness” of the police institutions is often assumed by social scientists. This article attempts to show that making that stateness uncertain may contribute to a renewal of the sociology of the state. Based on a fieldwork in a French police internal affairs unit, this article shows that the investigations concerning acts of violence and acts of what we will call “police function astray” uncover the boundaries of police discretion. The analysis of the distribution of sanctions permits to explore the sociology of trials in the State conceived as moments in which the “stateness” of the police is experienced

2D interpolation and extrapolation of discrete magnetic measurements with toroidal harmonics for equilibrium reconstruction in a Tokamak

International audienceWe present a method based on the use of toroidal harmonics and on a modelization of the poloidal field coils and divertor coils for the 2D interpolation and extrapolation of discrete magnetic measurements in a Tokamak. The method is generic and can be used to provide Cauchy boundary conditions needed as input by a fixed domain equilibrium reconstruction code like Equinox. It can also be used to extrapolate the magnetic measurements in order to compute the plasma boundary itself. The proposed method and algorithm are detailed in the paper and results from numerous numerical experiments are presented. The method is foreseen to be used in the real time plasma control loop on the WEST Tokamak

Modeling of Hardware and Software for specifying Hardware Abstraction Layers

International audienceIn this paper we describe a practical approach for modeling low level interfaces between software and hardware parts based on SysML operations. This method is intended to be applied for the development of drivers involved on what is classically called the “hardware abstraction layer” or the “basic software” which provide high level services for resources management on the top of a bare hardware platform. It is also an enabler for co-design processes since the design of hardware and software can be decoupled. In addition this approach is compatible with virtual prototyping technologies such as SystemC/TLM. An application to a simple a study case is provided for illustration purpose

CADDA: Class-wise Automatic Differentiable Data Augmentation for EEG Signals

International audienceData augmentation is a key element of deep learning pipelines, as it informs the network during training about transformations of the input data that keep the label unchanged. Manually finding adequate augmentation methods and parameters for a given pipeline is however rapidly cumbersome. In particular, while intuition can guide this decision for images, the design and choice of augmentation policies remains unclear for more complex types of data, such as neuroscience signals. Besides, class-dependent augmentation strategies have been surprisingly unexplored in the literature, although it is quite intuitive: changing the color of a car image does not change the object class to be predicted, but doing the same to the picture of an orange does. This paper investigates gradient-based automatic data augmentation algorithms amenable to class-wise policies with exponentially larger search spaces. Motivated by supervised learning applications using EEG signals for which good augmentation policies are mostly unknown, we propose a new differentiable relaxation of the problem. In the class-agnostic setting, results show that our new relaxation leads to optimal performance with faster training than competing gradient-based methods, while also outperforming gradient-free methods in the class-wise setting. This work proposes also novel differentiable augmentation operations relevant for sleep stage classification

IMM-GSPM – Groupe de sociologie politique et morale

Laure Blévis, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-Ouest La-DéfenseDeborah Puccio-Den, chargée de recherche au CNRS La violence « mesurée » Le séminaire avait comme but de confronter plusieurs recherches issues de différentes disciplines (sociologie, histoire, anthropologie, sciences politiques) autour de situations qualifiées comme « violentes » ou suscitant des questionnements, débats ou controverses sur la limite entre une violence légitime et une violence illégitime. Ont été examiné..

Sociología pragmática: manual de uso

En treinta años, la “sociología pragmática” (también denominada “sociología de las pruebas”) ha producido investigaciones empíricas que abarcan todos los ámbitos de la vida social. De conformidad con los postulados teóricos que tenían la intención de defender, los investigadores que se reconocen en esa corriente sociológica establecieron formas sensiblemente nuevas de dirigir la investigación, recabar datos, explorar campos, pensar por caso y utilizar las controversias y los escándalos como puntos de entrada en el orden social y en la cuestión de su problemática reproducción. Este artículo tiene por objeto caracterizar en diez puntos el estilo pragmático en sociología y precisar cuáles son sus requisitos metodológicos y sus consecuencias prácticas en la conducción del trabajo de investigación

Sociologia pragmática: guia do usuário

Em trinta anos, a “sociologia pragmática” (também denominada “sociologia das provas”) efetuou pesquisas empíricas relativas a todas as áreas da vida social. Em conformidade com os postulados teóricos que defendiam, os pesquisadores que se reconhecem nessa corrente sociológica criaram maneiras consideravelmente novas de efetuar a pesquisa, coletar dados, explorar os campos, pensar cada caso e se servir das controvérsias e dos escândalos públicos como pontos de entrada na ordem social e na questão de sua problemática reprodução. O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar em dez pontos o estilo pragmático em sociologia e indicar seus requisitos metodológicos e suas consequências práticas para o trabalho de investigação