Psychological adjustment and autonomic disturbances in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome.: Psychological and autonomic dysfunctions in IBD and IBS

International audiencePsychological factors and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to assess, firstly the way IBS and IBD patients cope with their pathology according to their affective adjustment and secondly the possible links between these affective adjustments and ANS reactivity. Patients with Crohn's disease (CD; n=26), ulcerative colitis (UC; n=22), or IBS (n=27) were recruited and compared to 21 healthy subjects based on psychological variables (trait- and state anxiety, depressive symptomatology, negative mood, perceived stress, coping, health locus of control) and sympatho-vagal balance through heart-rate variability monitored at rest. A principal component analysis, performed on all affective variables, isolated a leading factor labelled as "affective adjustment". In each disease, patients were distributed into positive and negative affective adjustment. In all the diseases, a positive affect was associated with problem-focused coping, and a negative affect with emotion-focused coping and external health locus of control. Results show that the sympatho-vagal balance varied according to the disease. In CD presenting positive affectivity, an adapted high sympathetic activity was observed. In UC, a parasympathetic blunt was observed in the presence of negative affectivity and an equilibrated sympatho-vagal balance in the presence of positive affectivity. In contrast, in IBS, an important dysautonomia (with high sympathetic and low parasympathetic tone) was constantly observed whatever the affective adjustment. In conclusion, this study suggests that the equilibrium of the ANS is differentially adapted according to the disease. This equilibrium is conjugated with positive affective and cognitive adjustment in IBD (CD and UC) but not in IBS

Does the practice of mindfulness reduce somatic symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety? A community-based survey

ObjectiveSince the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have shown an increase of psychological distress in the general population. Previous research demonstrated that high levels of anxiety are associated with reporting more somatic symptoms. The ability to adaptively regulate emotions is essential to deal with stressful situations, and it is one of the main components of mindfulness practice. The aim of the present study was to document the effect of mindfulness practice on somatic symptoms and psychological distress in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study has a descriptive cross-sectional design. During the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, between November 2020 and January 2021 participants living in France responded to an online survey on the impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress and physical health. The questionnaire included the assessment of COVID-19-related anxiety, mindfulness practice and experience, dispositional mindfulness, somatization, depression, generalized anxiety, and emotion regulation.ResultsA total of 569 people (mean age = 39.8 years, 90% women) were included in the study. COVID-19 related anxiety was associated with higher levels of somatic symptoms, generalized anxiety, and depression. About half of the sample (n = 318, 56%) reported moderate to severe somatic symptoms that were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety, lower levels of dispositional mindfulness and to the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Overall, 164 subjects (28.8%) reported practicing meditation. No differences were found in dispositional mindfulness (MAAS score) between beginners and advanced practitioners, regardless of the type, years, frequency, and length of practice. Participants with less experience in mindfulness practice reported a significant higher number of somatic symptoms than non-practitioners and a higher use of rumination. Moreover, mindfulness experience was associated with the use of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies.ConclusionMindfulness meditation has been promoted as a practice enhancing well-being and helping to cope with the psychological impact of stressful events. However, in a distressing situation as COVID-19 pandemic, a limited experience in mindfulness practices might result in the development or endurance of somatic symptoms. Adequate training and a focus on mindful acceptance, may contribute to enhance the effectiveness of mindfulness practice

Etude de l'influence de stimuli psychiques sur le fonctionnement du système de l'immunité innée

Les cytokines produites par les cellules de l'immunité innée sont à l'origine d'un ensemble de modifications physiologiques et comportementales d'origine centrale. A l'inverse, le système de l'immunité innée peut être influencé par le fonctionnement vértébral. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'influence du système nerveux central sur les cytokines. Nous avons montré qu'un traitement par un antidépresseur atténue l'induction de cytokines par le lipopolysaccharide LPS. Un stress chronique modéré induit une augmentation d'interleukine-6 dans l'hypothalamus. Par contre la présentation d'un stimulus conditionnel associé à l'interleukine-1b ou au LPS n'a pas d'effet sur le réseau des cytokines, mais altère les systèmes de signalisation correspondants. Ces données indiquent que le réseau des cytokines peut être activé de façon non spécifique par des stimuli non immune et qu'il est insensible à des stimuli psychiques associés de façon spécifique à ses propres signaux d'activation.Proinflammatory cytokines produced by innate immune cells trigger a set of centrally mediated physiological and behavioural alterations. Conversely, the innate immune system can be influenced by brain functions. The present research aimed at studying the influence of the central nervous system on the cytokine network. We showed that pharmacological treatment by an atypical antidepressant attenuated proinflammatory cytokine induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Chronic mild stress also led to alterations of the cytokine network, including increase of hypothalamic interleukin-6. However, the presentation of a conditioned stimulus paired with interleukin-1b or LPS in a procedure of conditioned place or taste aversion did not affect the cytokine network, but impacted on their intracellular signalling pathways. In conclusion these findings show that the cytokine network can be activated non specifically by non immune psychological factors but that it cannot be classically conditioned.BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Anxiété, dépression et facteurs psychologiques chez les adolescents malades chroniques

De nombreuses études chez les adolescents malades chroniques se sont intéressées aux syndromes comorbides anxieux et dépressifs. Cependant, les prévalences de ces formes de comorbidité et leurs conséquences pour l'évolution du diagnostic sont mal connues. Par l'application d'une méthodologie longitudinale et contrôlée en population adolescente, les objectifs sont de : 1) déterminer l'association entre l'anxiété, la dépression ainsi que certains facteurs psychosociaux et la maladie chronique ; et 2) comprendre les liens possibles entre ces troubles ou variables psychologiques, et l'évolution de la maladie. Méthodes : 64 adolescents malades (asthme ou diabète) recrutés dans des services spécialisés et en médecine générale ont été suivis pendant un an et comparés à 64 adolescents non malades (appariés sur l'âge et le sexe). Un auto-questionnaire était à remplir par l'adolescent à l'inclusion et un an après, des informations médicales sur la gravité et l'évolution de la maladie ont été recueillies. Résultats : Les analyses transversales comparant les adolescents asthmatiques et diabétiques aux témoins montrent qu'il n'existe pas de différence concernant le taux de l'anxiété et de la dépression malgré la conscience des adolescents de leur maladie. Néammoins, on observe certaines caractéristiques psychologiques différentes seslon le type de diagnostic. Concernant la gravité de la maladie, l'anxiété es associée à la fonction respiratoire et l'estime de soi est associée au contrôle métabolique. Ni l'anxiété, ni la dépression n'expliquent l'aggravation de la maladie à un an, une mauvaise estime de soi expliquant le mieux cette aggravation. Conclusion : Les explications potentielles pour ces résultats concernent la prise en charge médicale et psychologique des patients malades chroniques. Le rôle de variables psychologiques, autres que l'anxiété et la dépression dans le devenir des adolescents malades est mis en évidence.BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Adaptation et validation d'une tâche stressante en situation de laboratoire

International audienc

The French version of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking: Internal and predictive validity

In this study we examine the psychometric characteristics and the predictive validity of the AISS-17, the French version of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking. Two samples were used, one of which enabled us to carry out prospective monitoring over a period of six months. Our study provides data that support the validity of the AISS-17. This inventory includes the same two factors as the AISS (Novelty and Intensity). It has good concurrent and convergent validity, and its nomological network is comparable to that of the AISS and to the SSS of Zuckerman. However, our study confirms the low reliability of the AISS. We also showed that the AISS-17 has good predictive validity. We observed a significant cross-lagged effect of the AISS-17 at T1 on risk taking at T2, when controlled for age, gender and risk-taking at T1

Toward a definition of a global psycho-physiological criterion of vulnerability to relapse in inflammatory bowel diseases.

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Data_Sheet_1_Does the practice of mindfulness reduce somatic symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety? A community-based survey.docx

ObjectiveSince the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have shown an increase of psychological distress in the general population. Previous research demonstrated that high levels of anxiety are associated with reporting more somatic symptoms. The ability to adaptively regulate emotions is essential to deal with stressful situations, and it is one of the main components of mindfulness practice. The aim of the present study was to document the effect of mindfulness practice on somatic symptoms and psychological distress in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study has a descriptive cross-sectional design. During the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, between November 2020 and January 2021 participants living in France responded to an online survey on the impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress and physical health. The questionnaire included the assessment of COVID-19-related anxiety, mindfulness practice and experience, dispositional mindfulness, somatization, depression, generalized anxiety, and emotion regulation.ResultsA total of 569 people (mean age = 39.8 years, 90% women) were included in the study. COVID-19 related anxiety was associated with higher levels of somatic symptoms, generalized anxiety, and depression. About half of the sample (n = 318, 56%) reported moderate to severe somatic symptoms that were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety, lower levels of dispositional mindfulness and to the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Overall, 164 subjects (28.8%) reported practicing meditation. No differences were found in dispositional mindfulness (MAAS score) between beginners and advanced practitioners, regardless of the type, years, frequency, and length of practice. Participants with less experience in mindfulness practice reported a significant higher number of somatic symptoms than non-practitioners and a higher use of rumination. Moreover, mindfulness experience was associated with the use of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies.ConclusionMindfulness meditation has been promoted as a practice enhancing well-being and helping to cope with the psychological impact of stressful events. However, in a distressing situation as COVID-19 pandemic, a limited experience in mindfulness practices might result in the development or endurance of somatic symptoms. Adequate training and a focus on mindful acceptance, may contribute to enhance the effectiveness of mindfulness practice.</p

Le Bacille de Calmette et Guérin induit l’activation chronique de l’IDO centrale et périphérique : un modèle expérimental de dépression induite par les cytokines

National audienc

Bacille Calmette-Guérin inoculation induces chronic activation of peripheral and brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in mice

International audienc