Evaluation des connaissances et des pratiques des étudiants Rennais en matière de prévention des risques liés à leur sexualité

Depuis les années 90, les pouvoirs publics se sont engagés dans une politique de prévention des risques liés à la sexualité des jeunes. Cet engagement est motivé par la stagnation du nombre d'IVG malgré une nette progression de l'utilisation de méthodes de contraception efficace. De plus, certaines IST (infection sexuellement transmissibles), telles que celle due à Chlamydiae trachomatis, semblent progresser chez les plus jeunes. Que savent les jeunes sur la sexualité et ses risques? Comment se protègent-ils en pratique et quels sont leurs canaux d'information? C'est ce que nous avons essayé de percevoir à travers une enquête menée auprès des étudiants rennais. 4406 étudiants des deux Universités rennaises ont répondu de façon anonyme à un questionnaire accessible sur le web durant le mois d'avril 2012. Outre la difficulté, pour les étudiants, de définir ce qu'est une relation sexuelle à risque (plus de 75% d'entre eux pensent qu'il y a un risque d'IST lors d'une relation avec un partenaire vierge), nous avons pu constater une réelle méconnaissance des différents moyens de contraception et la persistance d'idées fausses concernant le moyen de contraception le plus répandu en France: la pilule hormonale. D'autre part, si le préservatif est utilisé massivement par les étudiants (plus de 75% d'entre eux), plus de 30% des répondants ont déclaré son absence lors d'un rapport sexuel avec un partenaire ponctuel. Le recours au dépistage des IST n'est effectué que chez 50% des étudiants en ce qui concerne le VIH et 25% pour les autres IST. 45% des répondants déclarent avoir déjà eu recours, au sein de leur couple, à la pilule du lendemain. Enfin, la première source d'information utilisée par les étudiants est internet avec plus de 60% qui y font appel pour se renseigner sur la sexualité, les sites de forums étant les plus visités.Since the 90s, the government embarked on a policy of prevention of risks to youth sexuality. This commitment is motivated by the stagnation in the number of abortions despite a marked increase in the use of methods of efficient contraception. In addition, some STI (sexually transmitted infections), such as those due to Chlamydia trachomatis, seem to be progressing in the youngest. What young people know about sex and its risks? How do they protect themselves in practice and what are their information channels? This is what we try to collect through a survey of students in Rennes. 4406 students from universities in Rennes responded anonymously to a questionnaire accessible on the web during the month of April 2012. Besides the difficulty for students to define what is a sexual relationship at risk (more than 75% of them think that there is a risk of STI in a relationship with a virgin partner), we have seen a real ignorance of the various methods of contraception and the persistence of misconceptions regarding the method of contraception most prevalent in France: the hormonal pill. On the other hand, if the condom is used extensively by students (over 75% of them), more than 30% of respondents reported its absence during a relationship with a punctual partner. The use of STI screening is performed in only 50% of students regarding HIV and 25% for other STI. 45% of respondents declare to have already had recourse within their couple to the emergency hormonal contraception. Finally, the primary source of information used by students is Internet with over 60% who use it to learn about sexuality, forum sites being the most visited.RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Identification of lactic acid bacteria and rhizobacteria by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate classification

International audienceThe biological processes of interest to agro-industry involve numerous bacterial species. Lactic acid bacteria produce metabolites capable of fermenting food products and modifying their organoleptic properties, and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can act as biofertilizers, biostimulants, or biocontrol agents in agriculture. The protocol of conventional techniques for bacterial identification, currently based on genotyping and phenotyping, require specific sample preparation and destruction. The work presented herein details a method for rapid identification of lactic acid bacteria and rhizobacteria at the genus and species level. To develop the method, bacteria were inoculated on an agar medium and analyzed by near infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet-visible-NIR (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Artificial neural network models applied to the UV-Vis-NIR spectra correctly identified the genus (species) of 70% (63%) of the lactic acid bacteria and 67% of the rhizobacteria on an independent prediction set of unknown bacterial strains. These results demonstrate the potential of UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy to identify bacteria directly on agar plates

Patience, prudence et petits pas, A la recherche du sens du travail social et médico-social.: L'exemple des Maisons de la métropole du territoire de Vénissieux - Saint-Fons

International audienceCet ouvrage de "sociologie dessinée" est le fruit d'une recherche-action mené par le Collectif Métis qui a rassemblé et fait dialoguer pendant deux ans une équipe de sociologues, un illustrateur, des praticiens du travail social et des agents d'encadrement

Whole-body MR imaging in suspected physical child abuse: comparison with skeletal survey and bone scintigraphy findings from the PEDIMA prospective multicentre study

International audienceObjectives: To assess the contribution of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) and bone scintigraphy (BS) in addition to skeletal survey (SS) in detecting traumatic bone lesions and soft-tissue injuries in suspected child abuse.Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study, children less than 3 years of age with suspected physical abuse were recruited. Each child underwent SS, BS and WBMRI. A blinded first review was performed in consensus by five paediatric radiologists and three nuclear medicine physicians. A second review investigated discrepancies reported between the modalities using a consensus result of all modalities as the reference standard. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and corresponding 95% confidence interval for each imaging modality (SS, WBMRI and BS) and for the combinations [SS + WBMRI] and [SS + BS].Results: One hundred seventy children were included of which sixty-four had at least one lesion. In total, 146 lesions were included. The sensitivity and specificity of each examination were, respectively, as follows: 88.4% [95% CI, 82.0-93.1] and 99.7% [95% CI, 99.5-99.8] for the SS, 69.9% [95% CI, 61.7-77.2] and 99.5% [95% CI, 99.2-99.7] for WBMRI and 54.8% [95% CI, 46.4-63.0] and 99.7% [95% CI, 99.5-99.9] for BS. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 95.9% [95% CI, 91.3-98.5] and 99.2% [95% CI, 98.9-99.4] for the combination SS + WBMRI and 95.2% [95% CI, 90.4-98.1] and 99.4% [95% CI, 99.2-99.6] for the combination SS + BS, with no statistically significant difference between them.Conclusion: SS was the most sensitive independent imaging modality; however, the additional combination of either WBMRI or BS examinations offered an increased accuracy.Key points: • SS in suspected infant abuse was the most sensitive independent imaging modality in this study, especially for detecting metaphyseal and rib lesions, and remains essential for evaluation. • The combination of either SS + BS or SS + WBMRI provides greater accuracy in diagnosing occult and equivocal bone injuries in the difficult setting of child abuse. • WBMRI is a free-radiation technique that allows additional diagnosis of soft-tissue and visceral injuries