123,598 research outputs found
Space simulator Patent
Space simulator with uniform test region radiation distribution, adapted to simulate Venus solar radiation
Strongly interacting photons in one-dimensional continuum
Photon-photon scattering in vacuum is extremely weak. However, strong
effective interactions between single photons can be realized by employing
strong light-matter coupling. These interactions are a fundamental building
block for quantum optics, bringing many-body physics to the photonic world and
providing important resources for quantum photonic devices and for optical
metrology. In this Colloquium, we review the physics of strongly-interacting
photons in one-dimensional systems with no optical confinement along the
propagation direction. We focus on two recently-demonstrated experimental
realizations: superconducting qubits coupled to open transmission lines, and
interacting Rydberg atoms in a cold gas. Advancements in the theoretical
understanding of these systems are presented in complementary formalisms and
compared to experimental results. The experimental achievements are summarized
alongside a description of the quantum optical effects and quantum devices
emerging from them.Comment: Updated version, accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern
Physic
Fast readout of a single Cooper-pair box using its quantum capacitance
We have fabricated a single Cooper-pair box (SCB) together with an on-chip
lumped element resonator. By utilizing the quantum capacitance of the SCB, its
state can be read out by detecting the phase of a radio-frequency (rf) signal
reflected off the resonator. The resonator was optimized for fast readout. By
studying quasiparticle tunneling events in the SCB, we have characterized the
performance of the readout and found that we can perform a single shot parity
measurement in approximately 50 ns. This is an order of magnitude faster than
previously reported measurements.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Noncommutativity and Duality through the Symplectic Embedding Formalism
This work is devoted to review the gauge embedding of either commutative and
noncommutative (NC) theories using the symplectic formalism framework. To sum
up the main features of the method, during the process of embedding, the
infinitesimal gauge generators of the gauge embedded theory are easily and
directly chosen. Among other advantages, this enables a greater control over
the final Lagrangian and brings some light on the so-called "arbitrariness
problem". This alternative embedding formalism also presents a way to obtain a
set of dynamically dual equivalent embedded Lagrangian densities which is
obtained after a finite number of steps in the iterative symplectic process,
oppositely to the result proposed using the BFFT formalism. On the other hand,
we will see precisely that the symplectic embedding formalism can be seen as an
alternative and an efficient procedure to the standard introduction of the
Moyal product in order to produce in a natural way a NC theory. In order to
construct a pedagogical explanation of the method to the nonspecialist we
exemplify the formalism showing that the massive NC U(1) theory is embedded in
a gauge theory using this alternative systematic path based on the symplectic
framework. Further, as other applications of the method, we describe exactly
how to obtain a Lagrangian description for the NC version of some systems
reproducing well known theories. Naming some of them, we use the procedure in
the Proca model, the irrotational fluid model and the noncommutative self-dual
model in order to obtain dual equivalent actions for these theories. To
illustrate the process of noncommutativity introduction we use the chiral
oscillator and the nondegenerate mechanics
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