Photon Spectrum Produced by the Late Decay of a Cosmic Neutrino Background

We obtain the photon spectrum induced by a cosmic background of unstable neutrinos. We study the spectrum in a variety of cosmological scenarios and also we allow for the neutrinos having a momentum distribution (only a critical matter dominated universe and neutrinos at rest have been considered until now). Our results can be helpful when extracting bounds on neutrino electric and magnetic moments from cosmic photon background observations.Comment: RevTex, 14 pages, 3 figures; minor changes, references added. To appear in Phys. Rev.

An Empirical Study of User Navigation during Document Triage

Περιέχει το πλήρες κείμενοDocument triage is the moment in the information seeking process when the user first decides the relevance of a document to their information need[17]. This paper reports a study of user behaviour during document triage. The study reveals two main findings: first, that there is a small set of common navigational patterns; second, that certain document features strongly influence users’ navigation

Defining lesional, perilesional and unaffected skin in hidradenitis suppurativa: proposed recommendations for clinical trials and translational research studies

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory skin condition for which the pathogenesis is not completely elucidated1. With the increase in HS‐related research comes the need to enhance reproducibility, quality and accuracy of scientific methods. Unlike other inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, HS lesions are morphologically diverse and include nodules, abscesses, tunnels and fibrosis in various permutations and combinations admixed in the same anatomical region1. This makes general definitions as ‘lesional’ and ‘non‐lesional’ insufficient for HS‐related investigations. A definition for non‐lesional skin is lacking

Degradation of Powder Epoxy-Coated Panels Immersed in a Saturated Calcium Hydroxide Solution Containing Sodium Chloride

DTFH61-92-Y-30115Blasted-steel panels were coated with two commercial powder epoxy coatings. Approximately half (80) of the coated panels were scribed; while the other half remained defect-free. All of the panels were immersed in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution containing 3.5% sodium chloride maintained at either 35 or 50 deg C. None of the unscribed panels degraded after 3074 hr of immersion at 35 deg C; whereas, all of the scribed panels degraded within 24 hr after immersion, regardless of the immersion solution temperature. Scribed panels degraded in three ways: (1) anodic corrosion, (2) cathodic disbondment, and (3) wet-adhesion loss. Anodic corrosion was attributed to localized crevice corrosion. The rate of anodic growth depended on the immersion solution temperature, but it did not depend on the type of coating or coating thickness. Liquid-filled blisters formed above the anodic sites after approximately 1000 hr of immersion at 35 deg C. The chloride concentration of the blister fluid was four times greater than that of the bulk solution and its pH was around 5. The rate of cathodic disbondment was not affected by the type of coating or coating thickness, but it was greatly affected by an increase in the temperature of the immersion solution. Wet-adhesion loss was not affected by coating thickness, but it does depend on the type of coating and immersion temperature. Also, even though the wet-adhesion strength of the two coatings differed by a factor of five, the rate of corrosion for the two coatings was not significantly different

What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?—15 years after

The 14 authors of the first review article on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis published 2008 in EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY cumulating from the 1st International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Symposium held March 30–April 2, 2006 in Dessau, Germany with 33 participants were prophetic when they wrote “Hopefully, this heralds a welcome new tradition: to get to the molecular heart of HS pathogenesis, which can only be achieved by a renaissance of solid basic HS research, as the key to developing more effective HS therapy.” (Kurzen et al. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa? Exp Dermatol 2008;17:455). Fifteen years later, th

Modified Anterior Portal for Hip Arthroscopy

Routine portal placement for the central compartment should be based on minimizing iatrogenic injury and maximizing access. Anchor placement for labral repair/refixation requires a more distal entry position to accomplish sufficient divergence to avoid perforating the articular surface of the acetabulum. If a standard portal for joint access is moved more distal, this can compromise its utility for addressing intra-articular pathology. In addition, it can be difficult to position this portal sufficiently distally to ensure adequate divergence. Moving the anchor away from the rim to avoid perforation, due to suboptimal portal placement, can result in nonanatomic labral repair. Thus a percutaneous anchor delivery system is advantageous in ensuring adequate divergence without compromising routine portal placement for the central compartment