KONTRIBUSI SYAIKH MUHAMMAD THAHIR JALALUDDIN DALAM BIDANG ILMU FALAK

Abstrak: Fajar adalah fenomena alami yang terjadi disebabkan rotasi Bumi pada porosnya. Permasalahan awal waktu fajar senantiasa menjadi kajian baik di kalangan fukaha maupun ilmuwan Muslim. Di Indonesia, sejak lama berlaku ketetapan dip-20 derajat di bawah ufuk dalam penentuan waktu Subuh. Ketentuan ini berasal dari pendapat Syaikh Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin (w. 1376/1956) dalam karyanya Nukhbah al-Taqrîrât fi Hisâb al-Auqât. Makalah ini akan menelusuri pemikiran Syaikh Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin tentang hal ini melalui karyanya tersebut dalam merumuskan konsepsi 20 derajat ini. Melalui analisis dan penelusuran sejumlah literatur, ditemukan bahwa dip -20 derajat ini ternyata dihasilkan hanya berdasarkan nukilan dari karya dan atau pemikiran tokoh-tokoh sebelumnya baik tokoh Nusantara maupun tokoh yang bermukim di Haramain, khususnya melalui kitab al-Mathla‘ al-Sa‘îd karya Husain Zaid Mesir.Abstract: Shaykh Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin’s Contribution in Islamic Astronomy. This article studies on the early dawn time and its influence on the determination dawn in Indonesia. Dawn is a natural phenomenon that can be seen while the earth rotates on its axis. The issue of the beginning of dawn has become a heated debate both within the Indonesian Muslim scholars (fuqaha) and scientists alike. In Indonesia, to determine dawn prayer’s time has been set up dip -20 degree below the horizon. This determination was adopted from Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin’s idea in his work Nukhbah al-Taqrîrât fi Hisâb al-Auqât. This paper is trying to explore Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin’s thought concerning the issue through his work which formulated this conception of 20 degree. In this article, the author found that after a thorough and critical analysis of some important literature and references, it is concluded that this conception was strictly quoted from other works and other previous Muslim scholars idea who lived in Haramain, especially in the book al-Mathla‘ al-Sa‘îd which was written out by Husain Zaid Mishr.Kata Kunci: Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin, waktu fajar, Nusantara, astronomi</p

HISTORIOGRAFI ILMU FALAK DI NUSANTARA: Sejarah, Motivasi dan Tokoh Awal

Abstrak: Studi ini mengkaji perkembangan ilmu falak di Nusantara. Perkembangan studi falak memang relatif tertinggal jauh dari perkembangannya di pusat-pusat peradaban Islam seperti Damaskus, Baghdad, Kairo dan Cordova. Ilmu falak baru berkembang di Kepulauan Nusantara sejak abad 19-20 M. Penulisan karya-karya ilmu falak oleh ulama Nusantara abad 19-20 pun lebih didasari oleh pemenuhan kebutuhan ibadah sehari-hari, khususnya salat dan puasa. Dalam konteks ini, penggambaran historiografi dan transmisi perkembangan ilmu falak dari Timur Tengah ke Nusantara masih terhitung sebagai kajian terlantar. Karena itu, diperlukan kajian komprehensif tentang perkembangan studi ilmu falak di Indonesia. Sebagai studi awal, artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan sejarah dimana datanya didasarkan pada telaah dokumen. Kajian ini mengemukakan bahwa ilmu falak mulai berkembang di Nusantara mulai abad ke-19, dimana para ulama Nusantara mendalami ilmu tersebut dari Timur Tengah dengan ragam motivasi, dan kemudian mereka mengembangkannya di tanah kelahiran dan mewariskan sejumlah karya dalam bidang ini.Abstract: Historiography of the Science of Astronomy in Indonesian Archipelago: History, Motivation and Early Figures. This study examines the development of astronomy in Indonesian archipelago which was relatively left behind by its development in the centers of Islamic civilization such as Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo and Cordova. As a matter of fact, astronomy did not develop in the Archipelago until in the 19th and 20th centuries, when some works on the field were identified. These works of the 19th and 20th century scholars mostly fulfilled the needs of daily worship, especially prayer and fasting. The historiography of astronomy in Indonesia and its transmission from the Middle East present an interesting field of research that has not been. The present article is a result of a preliminary library research focusing on history, motivation, and the early scholars of the field. Apparently, local scholars studied astronomy in different seats of knowledge in the Middle East and then brought it home. In order to meet local need they authored several books on the field which need to be be studied further in the coming years.Kata Kunci: astronomi, ulama, Nusantara, Timur Tengah</p

KAJIAN ILMU FALAK DI INDONESIA: Kontribusi Syaikh Hasan Maksum dalam Bidang Ilmu Falak

Abstrak: Ulama-ulama Nusantara telah memainkan peranan bagi penguatan dan pelestarian khazanah keilmuan Islam di Nusantara, termasuk dalam bidang ilmu falak, dan ironinya tidak banyak kajian yang dilakukan para ahli terhadap karya-karya akademik mereka dalam bidang ini. Artikel ini akan mengkaji kontribusi Syaikh Hasan Maksum seorang mufti Kesultanan Deli yang sangat berpengaruh di Sumatera Timur. Seperti halnya ulama-ulama Nusantara lainnya, ia pernah belajar di Haramain (Makkah dan Madinah) dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Secara khusus, artikel ini akan mengulas karyanya yang berjudul Natîjah Abadiyah, dengan menggunakan analisis isi. Natîjah Abadiyah (natijah abadi) adalah buku yang sangat ringkas namun sangat penting, yang berisi daftar dan penjelasan tentang waktu-waktu salat. Kata Kunci: Nusantara, Sumatera Timur, ilmu falak, waktu salat, Hasan Maksum Abstract: The Study of Astronomy in Indonesia: Shaykh Hasan Maksum’s Contribution to Astronomy. Islamic scholars have played a role for the strengthening and preservation of Islamic scholarship in Indonesia, including in Astronomy. Unfortunately, works on this field have not been studied accordingly. This article examines the contribution of Shaykh Hasan Maksum, a very influential mufti on Deli sultanate in East Sumatra. Like many other Nusantara scholars, he studied in Haramain (Makkah and Madinah) for a substantial time. This article studies his work, Natîjah Abadiyah, applying Content Analysis. It is clear that the Natijah Abadiyah is a short yet very important for it contains daily prayer timetable and some necessary explanations. Keywords: Indonesia Archipelago, East Sumatera, Astronomy, time of prayer, Hasan Maksum</p

KAJIAN ILMU FALAK DI INDONESIA: Kontribusi Syaikh Hasan Maksum dalam Bidang Ilmu Falak

Abstrak: Ulama-ulama Nusantara telah memainkan peranan bagi penguatan dan pelestarian khazanah keilmuan Islam di Nusantara, termasuk dalam bidang ilmu falak, dan ironinya tidak banyak kajian yang dilakukan para ahli terhadap karya-karya akademik mereka dalam bidang ini. Artikel ini akan mengkaji kontribusi Syaikh Hasan Maksum seorang mufti Kesultanan Deli yang sangat berpengaruh di Sumatera Timur. Seperti halnya ulama-ulama Nusantara lainnya, ia pernah belajar di Haramain (Makkah dan Madinah) dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Secara khusus, artikel ini akan mengulas karyanya yang berjudul Natîjah Abadiyah, dengan menggunakan analisis isi. Natîjah Abadiyah (natijah abadi) adalah buku yang sangat ringkas namun sangat penting, yang berisi daftar dan penjelasan tentang waktu-waktu salat. Kata Kunci: Nusantara, Sumatera Timur, ilmu falak, waktu salat, Hasan Maksum Abstract: The Study of Astronomy in Indonesia: Shaykh Hasan Maksum’s Contribution to Astronomy. Islamic scholars have played a role for the strengthening and preservation of Islamic scholarship in Indonesia, including in Astronomy. Unfortunately, works on this field have not been studied accordingly. This article examines the contribution of Shaykh Hasan Maksum, a very influential mufti on Deli sultanate in East Sumatra. Like many other Nusantara scholars, he studied in Haramain (Makkah and Madinah) for a substantial time. This article studies his work, Natîjah Abadiyah, applying Content Analysis. It is clear that the Natijah Abadiyah is a short yet very important for it contains daily prayer timetable and some necessary explanations. Keywords: Indonesia Archipelago, East Sumatera, Astronomy, time of prayer, Hasan Maksu

KONTRIBUSI SYAIKH MUHAMMAD THAHIR JALALUDDIN DALAM BIDANG ILMU FALAK

Abstrak: Fajar adalah fenomena alami yang terjadi disebabkan rotasi Bumi pada porosnya. Permasalahan awal waktu fajar senantiasa menjadi kajian baik di kalangan fukaha maupun ilmuwan Muslim. Di Indonesia, sejak lama berlaku ketetapan dip-20 derajat di bawah ufuk dalam penentuan waktu Subuh. Ketentuan ini berasal dari pendapat Syaikh Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin (w. 1376/1956) dalam karyanya Nukhbah al-Taqrîrât fi Hisâb al-Auqât. Makalah ini akan menelusuri pemikiran Syaikh Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin tentang hal ini melalui karyanya tersebut dalam merumuskan konsepsi 20 derajat ini. Melalui analisis dan penelusuran sejumlah literatur, ditemukan bahwa dip -20 derajat ini ternyata dihasilkan hanya berdasarkan nukilan dari karya dan atau pemikiran tokoh-tokoh sebelumnya baik tokoh Nusantara maupun tokoh yang bermukim di Haramain, khususnya melalui kitab al-Mathla‘ al-Sa‘îd karya Husain Zaid Mesir.Abstract: Shaykh Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin’s Contribution in Islamic Astronomy. This article studies on the early dawn time and its influence on the determination dawn in Indonesia. Dawn is a natural phenomenon that can be seen while the earth rotates on its axis. The issue of the beginning of dawn has become a heated debate both within the Indonesian Muslim scholars (fuqaha) and scientists alike. In Indonesia, to determine dawn prayer’s time has been set up dip -20 degree below the horizon. This determination was adopted from Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin’s idea in his work Nukhbah al-Taqrîrât fi Hisâb al-Auqât. This paper is trying to explore Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin’s thought concerning the issue through his work which formulated this conception of 20 degree. In this article, the author found that after a thorough and critical analysis of some important literature and references, it is concluded that this conception was strictly quoted from other works and other previous Muslim scholars idea who lived in Haramain, especially in the book al-Mathla‘ al-Sa‘îd which was written out by Husain Zaid Mishr.Kata Kunci: Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin, waktu fajar, Nusantara, astronom

Urgensi Dan Kontribusi Observatorium Di Era Modern

Observatorium sebagai lembaga yang mengkaji benda-benda langit merupakan warisan penting peradaban Islam. Dalam perkembangannya, lembaga ini memiliki fungsi dan posisi strategis dalam kehidupan sosial dan intelektual sebuah masyarakat. Bagi umat Islam, fungsi utama lembaga ini adalah sarana mengakuratkan penentuan waktu dan posisi ibadah (khususnya salat dan puasa) yaitu menentukan posisi Mekah (Kakbah) dalam salat, menentukan waktu-waktu salat fardu, dan menentukan awal-awal bulan kamariah. Keberadaan observatorium merupakan miniatur majunya sebuah peradaban. Dalam konteks yang lebih spesifik, kehadiran observatorium merupakan sarana mengokohkan keimanan yaitu sebagai sarana membaca dan menerjemahkan ayat-ayat semesta yang banyak tertera dalam al-Quran

HISTORIOGRAFI ILMU FALAK DI NUSANTARA: Sejarah, Motivasi dan Tokoh Awal

Abstrak: Studi ini mengkaji perkembangan ilmu falak di Nusantara. Perkembangan studi falak memang relatif tertinggal jauh dari perkembangannya di pusat-pusat peradaban Islam seperti Damaskus, Baghdad, Kairo dan Cordova. Ilmu falak baru berkembang di Kepulauan Nusantara sejak abad 19-20 M. Penulisan karya-karya ilmu falak oleh ulama Nusantara abad 19-20 pun lebih didasari oleh pemenuhan kebutuhan ibadah sehari-hari, khususnya salat dan puasa. Dalam konteks ini, penggambaran historiografi dan transmisi perkembangan ilmu falak dari Timur Tengah ke Nusantara masih terhitung sebagai kajian terlantar. Karena itu, diperlukan kajian komprehensif tentang perkembangan studi ilmu falak di Indonesia. Sebagai studi awal, artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan sejarah dimana datanya didasarkan pada telaah dokumen. Kajian ini mengemukakan bahwa ilmu falak mulai berkembang di Nusantara mulai abad ke-19, dimana para ulama Nusantara mendalami ilmu tersebut dari Timur Tengah dengan ragam motivasi, dan kemudian mereka mengembangkannya di tanah kelahiran dan mewariskan sejumlah karya dalam bidang ini.Abstract: Historiography of the Science of Astronomy in Indonesian Archipelago: History, Motivation and Early Figures. This study examines the development of astronomy in Indonesian archipelago which was relatively left behind by its development in the centers of Islamic civilization such as Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo and Cordova. As a matter of fact, astronomy did not develop in the Archipelago until in the 19th and 20th centuries, when some works on the field were identified. These works of the 19th and 20th century scholars mostly fulfilled the needs of daily worship, especially prayer and fasting. The historiography of astronomy in Indonesia and its transmission from the Middle East present an interesting field of research that has not been. The present article is a result of a preliminary library research focusing on history, motivation, and the early scholars of the field. Apparently, local scholars studied astronomy in different seats of knowledge in the Middle East and then brought it home. In order to meet local need they authored several books on the field which need to be be studied further in the coming years.Kata Kunci: astronomi, ulama, Nusantara, Timur Tenga

THE STUDY OF ARABIC CONSTELLATION FROM THE BOOK SUWAR AL-KAWAKIB AL-THABITA USING STELLARIUM SOFTWARE

The constellations originating from Arab civilization were still very little known and studied. Al-Ṣūfi's book, al-Kawākib al-Thābitah, contains the record of coordinates, approximate magnitudes, and star details with graphs. This study examines the difference of stars in the sample constellation, compares the visual appearance of the illustrations on the Stellarium software, and studies the differences between the western constellations and the Arabic constellations. The result shows some differences between the constellations of the almagest and al-Kawākib al-Thābitah in the number of stars in the sample constellations, differences in illustrations from the orientalized figures, and the star magnitude in al-Ṣūfi's work that similar to Ptolemy's works. Al-Sufi identified a total of 134 additional stars, 65 stars located in the Northern constellations, 41 stars in the Zodiac constellation, and 28 stars in the Southern constellations. His observations showed that the magnitude values of 520 stars out of a total of 1022 stars were identical between al-Sufi and Ptolemy. Stellarium provides an excellent visual presentation of the Arabic constellations according to Al-Sufi's book that shows position, illustration, and mapping in the night sky

ANALISIS DAMPAK POLUSI CAHAYA LAMPU ARTIFISIAL TERHADAP KECERLANGAN LANGIT MALAM MENGGUNAKAN SKY QUALITY METER (Studi Kasus Barus-Sumatera Utara)

The brightness of the night sky is a necessity in astronomical observations. Sky with minimal light pollution can be optimized for observation and research. Light pollution is an obstacle in astronomical observations, one of the light pollution that affects the night sky a lot is artificial lights that are not properly conditioned. In this study, it is explained how the impact of artificial lights on good sky brightness using the Sky Quality Meter (SQM). By observing several nights, it was found that locations with a lot of light exposure can make the sky brighter ~3.3 times compared to locations with minimal light.The brightness of the night sky is a necessity in astronomical observations. Sky with minimal light pollution can be optimized for observation and research. Light pollution is an obstacle in astronomical observations, one of the light pollution that affects the night sky a lot is artificial lights that are not properly conditioned. In this study, it is explained how the impact of artificial lights on good sky brightness using the Sky Quality Meter (SQM). By observing several nights, it was found that locations with a lot of light exposure can make the sky brighter ~3.3 times compared to locations with minimal light

Pengukuran Diameter dan Kedalaman Kawah Bulan

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengukur secara tidak langsung diameter dan kedalaman kawah bulan yang diperoleh saat pengamatan Bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Observatorium Ilmu falak Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara  dengan menggunakan teleskop William Optics Gt 102, Mounting iEQ45 Pro Kamera CCD QHY 5-II dan Canoon 600D. Penelitian ini fokus pada pengamatan kawah di Bulan, menentukan ukuran diameter dan kedalamannya pada basis foto dan perhitungan sederhana dengan beberapa penyederhanaan matematis. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian, didapat nilai untuk diameter (d) dan kedalaman (h) untuk kawah bernama Tycho yaitu  d=102,95; h=6,6. Copernicus d=110,14; h=5,4. Schiller d=28,98; h=8,6. Kepler d=178,82; h=3,8 dengan tingkat kesalahan pengukuran 2%