Spinal Structure of Mice Fetus (Mus Musculus L.) Treated by Acanthus Ilicifolius L. Leaves Extract

Jeruju had various chemical components. This study was conducted on the teratogenic test of jeruju leaf extract to determine abnormalities in fetal mice (Mus musculus L.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 20 pregnant female mice divided into 4 groups: 1 group as a control and 3 groups treated with a dose of 3.75 mg/30grBB, 7.5 mg/30grBB, 15 mg/grBB, each with jeruju leaf extract consists of 5 repetitions. The results showed that the doses of 7.5 mg/30grBB and 15 mg/grBB significantly decreased fetal weight and length when compared with controls. This is suspected because there is an active substance in the jeruju leaf extract which is cytotoxic. Anatomically the administration of jeruju leaf extract does not cause abnormalities in the structure of the fetal spine of mice. This is due to the growing fetus taking priority from the many types of nutrients in the mother fluid so that the fetal bone can continue to grow and develop

Efek Ekstrak Lada Hitam (Piper Nigrum L.) terhadap Libido Mencit (Mus Musculus L.) Jantan yang Berbeda Umur

Adanya efek merugikan dari pengobatan modern untuk masalah fungsi seksual, maka masyarakat lebih memilih pengobatan tradisional dengan menggunakan tanaman yang berkhasiat afrodisiak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak lada hitam (Piper nigrum L.) terhadap libido mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan yang berbeda umur. Tiga puluh dua ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok umur, yaitu kelompok muda berumur 4 bulan (K1) dan kelompok tua berumur 6 bulan (K2). Masing-masing kelompok muda dan tua terdiri dari 5 individu. Masing-masing kelompok diberi perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (P0), pakan dengan ekstrak air lada hitam (P1), pakan dengan ekstrak etanol lada hitam (P2), pakan dengan ekstrak air dan etanol lada hitam (P3) selama 3 bulan. Perilaku seksual diamati pada akhir waktu pemberian perlakuan. Parameter yang diukur adalah latensi percumbuan, latensi penunggangan, dan frekuensi penunggangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANARA dua jalur, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT dengan α 0,05. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa latensi percumbuan dari perlakuan P2 dan P3 pada kelompok umur tua berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p=0,013, p=0,046). Latensi penunggangan dan frekuensi penunggangan dari perlakuan P2 pada kelompok muda berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p=0,026, p=0,010) dan dengan kelompok tua (p=0,024, p=0,022). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak lada hitam dapat meningkatkan libido mencit jantan

Large scale quantum simulations: C_60 impacts on a semiconducting surface

We present tight binding molecular dynamics simulations of C_60 collisions on the reconstructed diamond(111) surface, carried out with an O(N) method and with cells containing 1140 atoms. The results of our simulations are in very good agreement with experiments performed under the same impact conditions. Furthermore our calculations provide a detailed characterization of the microscopic processes occuring during the collision, and allow the identification of three impact regimes, as a function of the fullerene incident energy. Finally, the study of the reactivity between the cluster and the surface gives insight into the deposition mechanisms of C_60 on semiconducting substrates

A Phase I study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of navitoclax plus docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors

Aim: This Phase I study investigated safety of navitoclax and docetaxel in patients (n = 41) with advanced solid tumors. Patients & methods: Two navitoclax plus docetaxel dosing schedules (21 and 28 days) were evaluated. Maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities and preliminary antitumor activity were assessed. Results: Ten (24%) patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities; dose-escalation cohorts: n = 7 (21-day schedule: n = 5; 28-day schedule: n = 2) and 21-day expanded safety cohort: n = 3. Navitoclax 150-mg days 1-5 every 21 days with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 day 1 was the maximum tolerated dose and optimal schedule. Adverse events included thrombocytopenia (63%), fatigue (61%), nausea (59%) and neutropenia (51%). Four confirmed partial responses occurred. Conclusion: Navitoclax 150-mg orally once/day was safely administered with docetaxel. Myelosuppression limited dose escalation; antitumor activity was observed. Clinical trial registration: NCT00888108 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

Cholesterol Corrects Altered Conformation of MHC-II Protein in Leishmania donovani Infected Macrophages: Implication in Therapy

Previously we reported that Kala-azar patients show progressive decrease in serum cholesterol as a function of splenic parasite burden. Splenic macrophages (MΦ) of Leishmania donovani (LD) infected mice show decrease in membrane cholesterol, while LD infected macrophages (I-MΦ) show defective T cell stimulating ability that could be corrected by liposomal delivery of cholesterol. T helper cells recognize peptide antigen in the context of class II MHC molecule. It is known that the conformation of a large number of membrane proteins is dependent on membrane cholesterol. In this investigation we tried to understand the influence of decreased membrane cholesterol in I-MΦ on the conformation of MHC-II protein and peptide-MHC-II stability, and its bearing on the antigen specific T-cell activatio

Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option availabl

Robust and persistent reactivation of SIV and HIV by N-803 and depletion of CD8+ cells

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists indefinitely in individuals with HIV who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) owing to a reservoir of latently infected cells that contain replication-competent virus1–4. Here, to better understand the mechanisms responsible for latency persistence and reversal, we used the interleukin-15 superagonist N-803 in conjunction with the depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes in ART-treated macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Although N-803 alone did not reactivate virus production, its administration after the depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes in conjunction with ART treatment induced robust and persistent reactivation of the virus in vivo. We found viraemia of more than 60 copies per ml in all macaques (n = 14; 100%) and in 41 out of a total of 56 samples (73.2%) that were collected each week after N-803 administration. Notably, concordant results were obtained in ART-treated HIV-infected humanized mice. In addition, we observed that co-culture with CD8+ T cells blocked the in vitro latency-reversing effect of N-803 on primary human CD4+ T cells that were latently infected with HIV. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for latency reversal and lentivirus reactivation during ART-suppressed infection