Frontier of Opportunity: The Social Organization of Self-Employment in Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1881-1901

In the 1870s and early 1880s Winnipeg seemed a frontier of opportunity for hundreds of men seeking a future in business. This article links the manuscript census records and the credit reports of Dun, Wiman and Co. for 1881, 1891, and 1901 to evaluate the prospects of self-employed businessmen. The rate of self-employment in Winnipeg was higher in 1881 than that documented in studies of Ontario. This higher rate was not sustained past 1901, however, and was accompanied in the 1880s and 1890s by a high rate of business closures. By the beginning of the twentieth century, businesses fell under the surveillance of metropolitan credit reporters who informed lenders of their capital and credit worthiness. Credit ratings and business success became increasingly associated with capital, and those with the least capital and without credit reports had the greatest difficulty in staying in business.Dans les années 1870 et au début des années 1880, Winnipeg ressemblait à une terre d’avenir pour des centaines d’hommes cherchant à se faire une vie dans le monde des affaires. Cet article couple les documents manuscrits de recensement aux rapports de solvabilité de Dun, Wiman and Co. pour les années 1881, 1891 et 1901 afin d’évaluer les perspectives qui s’offraient aux entrepreneurs autonomes. En 1881, le taux de travail indépendant observé à Winnipeg était plus élevé que celui relevé dans les études portant sur l’Ontario. Ce taux supérieur ne s’est toutefois pas maintenu après 1901 et s’accompagnait dans les années 1880 et 1890 d’un taux élevé de fermetures d’entreprises. Au début du XXe siècle, les entreprises tombèrent sous la surveillance des agences métropolitaines d’évaluation du crédit, qui informaient les prêteurs de la suffisance de leur capital et de leur solvabilité. Les cotes de solvabilité et le succès des entreprises devinrent de plus en plus associés au capital et les entreprises ayant le moins de capital et n’ayant pas de rapports de solvabilité étaient celles qui avaient le plus de difficulté à rester en affaires

Pm receiver rf test console, appendix f final rep

Technical description of phase-modulation receiver developed in radio-frequency console progra

A Detailed Study of Giants and Horizontal Branch Stars in M68: Atmospheric Parameters and Chemical Abundances

In this paper, we present a detailed high-resolution spectroscopic study of post main sequence stars in the Globular Cluster M68. Our sample, which covers a range of 4000 K in $T_{eff}$, and 3.5 dex in $log(g)$, is comprised of members from the red giant, red horizontal, and blue horizontal branch, making this the first high-resolution globular cluster study covering such a large evolutionary and parameter space. Initially, atmospheric parameters were determined using photometric as well as spectroscopic methods, both of which resulted in unphysical and unexpected $T_{eff}$, $log(g)$, $\xi_{t}$, and [Fe/H] combinations. We therefore developed a hybrid approach that addresses most of these problems, and yields atmospheric parameters that agree well with other measurements in the literature. Furthermore, our derived stellar metallicities are consistent across all evolutionary stages, with $\langle$[Fe/H]$\rangle$ = $-$2.42 ($\sigma$ = 0.14) from 25 stars. Chemical abundances obtained using our methodology also agree with previous studies and bear all the hallmarks of globular clusters, such as a Na-O anti-correlation, constant Ca abundances, and mild $r$-process enrichment.Comment: Accepted to the Astronomical Journa

First results from the UBC etch-alignment mosaic CCD

First imaging results are obtained with a new CCD mosaic prototype (3K x 3k, 15 \mu m pixels). The CCDs are aligned using an etched socket alignment technique. Three different measurements of the alignment are made using star images, test p attern images, and microscope analysis. The CCDs have an angular misalignement o f less than 30 ppm. The composite device is flat to within \pm 3 \mu m, with rows/columns oriented to within 20 ppm. The use of an existing technology with built in precision reduces many of the difficulties and expenses typically encountered with mosaic detector construction. A new camera being built for the UBC liquid mirror telescope is al so described.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figs, 3 tables To appear in SPIE Photonics West97 - Electronic Imagin