33 research outputs found

    THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THERMAL AND KINETIC BEHAVIOR OF ACACIA MANGIUM WOOD

    Get PDF
    Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermal behavior of Acacia mangium wood under inert atmosphere at heating rates ranging from 5 to 15C min -1, from room temperature to 800C. Weight losses of A. mangium wood in inert atmosphere were found to occur in three stages. These three states are generally associated with the decomposition of the three main components of the lignocellulosic materials. Most decomposition occurred in the range of 300-400C (80% weight approximately). The kinetic parameters of the process were evaluated using the independent parallel reaction model, attributed to the three main components of lignocellulosic materials: hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin. The values of activation energy, preexponential factor, and contribution factor were similar to those reported in other studies for this type of biomass. The model proposed predicted an acceptable correlation between the experimental and the calculated curve to the decomposition of A. mangium, with an error of less than 3% of deviation in the temperature range studied

    Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

    Get PDF
    Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

    Tipificación de fincas ganaderas en el piedemonte tropical de las provincias Cotopaxi y Los Ríos, Ecuador

    No full text
    The practice of cattle ranching in the western Andean foothills in the Pacific region of Ecuador has caused serious damage to natural ecosystems, associated with deforestation, soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. The characterization of ranch type is an investigative tool that can help find solutions in order to transform the4 Tipificación de fincas ganaderascattle ranches in the region from the present unsustainable practices to sustainable ones. This study carried out the characterization of 60 cattle ranches, a sample of the total of 200 ranches in the foothills region of the provinces of Cotopaxi and Los Rios. We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) layers of terrain, soil, moisture, temperature and slopes to create additional layers of animal comfort index and index of climatic conditions. To group the ranches we used a hierarchical cluster analysis, and determined the Euclidean distance to calculate the distance matrix. At 50% of the Euclidean distance, we identified three groups of properties that differ by productive purpose, slope of the land, size of the area grazed, herd size and level of technological sophistication at each ranch. Ranching practices in the region are very similar in all environmental conditions and do not take into account the differences in ecosystem conditions for livestock production. Excessive stocking rates and overgrazing in the area lead to soil erosion, deforestation, water pollution and biodiversity loss.La ganadería bovina en la zona de piedemonte en la región del Pacífico del Ecuador ha causado graves daños a los ecosistemas naturales, asociada a la deforestación, erosión del suelo, y pérdida de biodiversidad. La tipificación de la ganadería es una herramienta investigativa que puede ayudar a buscar soluciones para transformar la actividad ganadera hacia prácticas sustentables y sostenibles. El presente trabajo llevó a cabo la tipificación de las 60 fincas ganaderas, del universo de 200 fincas en el piedemonte de la vertiente occidental en las provincias de Cotopaxi y Los Ríos. Se utilizaron Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con capas de tenencia de la tierra, suelos, humedad, temperatura y pendientes para obtener capas de confort de los animales y condiciones climáticas. Para agrupar las fincas se utilizó la técnica de conglomerado jerárquico, y se determinó la distancia euclidiana para calcular la matriz de distancia. Al 50% de la distancia euclidiana, se determinaron tres grupos de fincas que se diferencian por el propósito productivo a que se dedican, por la pendiente del terreno donde se ubican, la superficie que se explota, el tamaño del rebaño y el nivel de tecnificación que logran. Las prácticas ganaderas en la región son muy similares en todas las condiciones ambientales, y no toman en consideración las diferencias en los ecosistemas ganaderos. La excesiva carga animal y el sobre pastoreo en la zona conducen a la erosión del suelo, deforestación, contaminación de aguas y pérdida de biodiversidad

    APICULTURA Y BIOECONOMÍA:

    No full text
    The bioeconomy is increasingly perceived as an opportunity to ensure sustainable economic growth through the development of new productive activities. The purpose of the project was to determine the production and profitability of the production of honey (Apis melífera) in the Mocache canton, Los Ríos province. For them, the database was used, which was collected by the owner of the farm during the period January - November 2020. The costs of production, investment, fixed and variable costs, as well as the level of production for get the income. Subsequently, the profit, the cost benefit ratio (B / C), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Balance Point (PE) were calculated. The results showed that the total cost in the 20 hives was 3,826.30 dollars, per year, with supplies and materials being the highest item with 37%. The production is 600 l / honey / year, having a profit of 8,173.70.TheNPVandIRRwere 8,173.70. The NPV and IRR were 5306.67 and 56% respectively. The PE found was 159, 61 liters, or $ 3,192.20.La bioeconomía se percibe cada vez más como una oportunidad garantizar el crecimiento económico sostenible a través del desarrollo de nuevas actividades productivas. El proyecto tuvo como finalidad determinar la producción y rentabilidad de la producción de miel de abeja (Apis melífera) en el cantón Mocache, provincia de los Ríos. Para ellos se utilizó la base de datos, misma que fue recolectada por el dueño de la finca durante el periodo enero – noviembre de 2020. Se analizaron los costos de producción, inversión, costos fijos y variables, así como también el nivel de producción para obtener los ingresos. Posteriormente se calculó la utilidad, la relación costo beneficio (B/C), Valor Actual Neto (VAN), Tasa interna de Retorno (TIR) y Punto de Equilibrio (PE). Los resultados demostraron que el costo total en las 20 colmenas fue de 3.826,30 dólares, por año, siendo insumos y materiales él rubro más alto con 37% . La producción es de 600 l/miel/año, teniendo una utilidad de 8.173,70 dólares. &nbsp;El VAN y TIR fueron de 5306,67 dólares y 56% respectivamente. El PE encontrado fue de 159, 61 litros o 3192,20 dólares.&nbsp

    Current situation and perspective of the multi-use of Arachis pintoi in agro-ecosystems devoted to animal production

    No full text
    This paper realized an analysis of the scientific literature in which 75 articles were reviewed from indexed Journals in specialized databases and of international recognition about the main aspects reviewed such as the origin, adaptation conditions in areas of the humid tropic, genetic aspects related to the chromosomal markers; demonstrating a big morphologic variability in the germplasms. Inside of the potential uses of major relevancy there was stand out the use as soil coverage and as soil improver, as well as weeds controller, presenting a positive effect in the content of organic matter and nitrogen of soil. The use of Arachis pintoi Frapovickas y Gregory in the animal feeding systems is a resource of high quality; it can be a viable alternative for the animal production systems in the tropic. The impact of some agroecological practices on the agroproductive parameters with the use of A. pintoi is of the important relevancy. It was concludes that A. pintoi presents a potential of multiple use in integrated systems of crops - trees – livestock, constituting an alternative of sustainable management of the tropical animal production

    Molecular characterization and genetic structure of the local criollo pig breeds (Sus scrofa domestica) from Ecuador, using microsatellite markers

    No full text
    The molecular markers have shown their great utility in the characterization of the domestic animals, hence, the objective of this work was to characterize, genetically, the Creole pig of Ecuador by means of microsatellites. Samples of hair of 15 animals were gathered. A panel of 25 microsatellites, the amplification of the same was carried out by means of the reaction in chain of the polymerase and the amplified fragments, separated by electrophoresis in gels of polyacrylamide. In addition, were calculated the half number of alleles by locus (MNA), the allelic frequencies, the expected (He) and the observed (Ho) heterozygosity , the content of polymorphic information (PIC), as well as the balance Hardy-Weinberg (EHW) and the FIS for marker. The half number of alleles found by locus has been of 6.2 and the percentage of individual heterozygote behaved above of 60%. Of the entirety of the studied loci the 68% showed a high PIC. These results show that the Ecuadorian Creole pig possesses a high genetic diversity, essential information to optimize the national strategies of conservation and it improvement of this genotype in Ecuador

    Estructura genética y caracterización molecular del cerdo criollo (Sus scrofa domestica) de Ecuador, utilizando marcadores microsatélites

    Get PDF
    Los marcadores moleculares han mostrado su gran utilidad en la caracterización de los animales domésticos, por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar genéticamente al cerdo criollo de Ecuador mediante el uso de microsatélites. Se recolectaron muestras de pelo de 15 animales. Se utilizó un panel de 25 microsatélites, la amplificación de los mismos se realizó mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y los fragmentos amplificados, separados por electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida. Se calcularon el número medio de alelos por locus (MNA), las frecuencias alélicas, las heterocigosidades esperada (He) y observada (Ho), el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC), así como el  equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (EHW) y el FIS por marcador. El número medio de alelos encontrado por locus ha sido de 6.2 y el porcentaje de individuos heterocigotos se comportó por encima de del 60%. De la totalidad de los loci estudiados el 68 % mostró un PIC elevado. Estos resultados muestran que el cerdo Criollo ecuatoriano posee una elevada diversidad genética, información esencial para optimizar las estrategias nacionales de conservación y mejora de este genotipo en el Ecuador

    Efecto de inocuidad del ensilado biológico de tubérculos de papa China (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) para la alimentación de cerdos

    No full text
    With the objective of evaluating the physical, biological and organoleptic parameters silage Chinese potato tubers for feeding pigs, four types of silage were developed. The experiment was conducted through a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement, tubers rejection from the parish Lieutenant Hugo Ortiz, Pastaza province was used. Silage mixtures consisted of chopped root vegetables, water, natural yogurt, buttermilk and honey B of 83 °Brix. It showed that there are significant differences (p0.05), a sweet smell of candy was obtained until day 30, day 180 mild acid , brown until day 30, day 180 light gray, consistency was maintained pasty during the study. Based on the results obtained, it can be noted that the biological silage potato tubers China in the four variants studied is a food that ensures their safety and can be used for feeding pigs as energy source.Con el objetivo de evaluar los parámetros físicos, biológicos y organolépticos del ensilado de tubérculos de papa China para la alimentación de cerdos, se desarrollaron cuatro tipos de ensilados. El experimento se condujo a través de un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial, se utilizó tubérculos de rechazo procedentes de la parroquia Teniente Hugo Ortiz, provincia de Pastaza. Los ensilados consistieron en mezclas de tubérculos picados, agua, yogurt natural, suero de leche y miel B de 83 ºBrix. Se evidenció que existen diferencias significativas (p0,05), se obtuvo un olor dulce a caramelo hasta el día 30, al día 180 ácido suave, color marrón hasta el día 30, al día 180 grisáceo claro, la consistencia se mantuvo pastosa durante el estudio. Basándonos en los resultados obtenidos, se puede señalar que el ensilado biológico de tubérculos de papa China en las cuatro variantes estudiadas es un alimento que garantiza su inocuidad y pueden ser utilizados para la alimentación de cerdos como fuente energética

    Blood metabolic indicators of dairy genotypes grazing in the province of Napo-Ecuador

    No full text
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy-blood protein metabolism in dairy cows four genotypes first lactationunder grazing in Canton Arosemena Tola, Napo, Ecuador. 36 dairy cows in first parity crosses of the genotypes wereevaluated: Bos Indicus x Gir (GIR), Bos Indicus x Brown Swiss (BS), Bos Indicus x Jersey (J) and Bos indicus x Sahiwal(S). Blood samples coccygeal vein on days 60 and 21 were taken before of calving, the time of calving and at 30, 60and 90 days after of calving. Values were determined in plasma, glucose, urea, creatinine, and total protein. Noneof the variables showed significant differences (p 0.05) between races and the values obtained for all they werebelow normal values for dairy cows. Glucose showed no significant difference (p 0.05) over time. However, forurea, creatinine and total proteins were significant differences (p0,001) over time. One set was used Local regressionsmoothing parameter equal to 0.8 was to study how the trajectory of the variable over time. A mixed linear model foreach variable then adjusted, considering a node in cases for which a change in the trajectory was observed at someparticular time (as noted in the graph 1, 2, 3 Local regression). It was concluded that for the four dairy genotypesstudied no differences were found in the concentration of metabolic indicatorsEl objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el metabolismo energético/proteico en sangre de vacas lecheras de cuatrogenotipos de primera lactancia en condiciones de pastoreo en el cantón Arosemena Tola, Napo, Ecuador. Se evaluaron36 vacas lecheras de primer parto cruzas de los genotipos: Bos Indicus x Gir (GIR), Bos Indicus x Brown Swiss (BS),Bos Indicus x Jersey (J) y Bos Indicus x Sahiwal (S). Se tomaron muestras de sangre de la vena coccígea los días 60 y21 antes del parto, al momento del parto y a los 30, 60 y 90 días después del parto. Se determinaron los valores enplasma de, glucosa, urea, creatinina y proteínas totales. Ninguna de las variables presentó diferencias significativas(p0,05) entre razas y los valores obtenidos para todos se encontraron por debajo de los valores normales para lasvacas lecheras. La glucosa no mostró diferencias significativas (p0,05) en el tiempo. En cambio, para Urea, Creatininay Proteínas Totales existieron diferencias significativas (p0,001) a través del tiempo. Utilizando una regresión localcon parámetro de suavizado igual a 0,8 para estudiar cómo era la trayectoria de la variable en el tiempo. Luego, seajustó un modelo lineal mixto para cada variable, considerando un nodo en los casos para los cuales se observaba uncambio en la trayectoria en algún tiempo en particular (según lo observado en el gráfico 1, 2 y 3 de la regresión local).Se concluye que para los cuatro genotipos lecheros estudiados no se encontró diferencias en la concentración de losindicadores metabólicos

    Caracterización genética e indicadores sanguíneos de la raza bovina criolla Macabea en la Amazonía ecuatoriana

    No full text
    El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar estudios básicos sobre: las bases fenotípica y genotípica intrarracial del bovino Macabeo como recurso genético endémico en peligro de extinción en la amazonia ecuatoriana; estudios de bioquímica sanguínea y; la caracterización de los sistemas productivos donde estos hatos se han desarrollado. Los principales resultados mostraron biotipos de poblaciones con alta variabilidad fenotípica con respecto al color de la piel, pero con gran similitud en la distribución de la pigmentación de la franja lineal longitudinal en el cuerpo, en correspondencia con la coloración de cabeza y extremidades; con cuernos grandes y abiertos. El acercamiento genético fue con la raza ibérica el Hartón del Valle de Colombia, lo que indica que tienen un origen común o se han producido migraciones de individuos de estas razas; existe en el hato una elevada consanguinidad de (0.089±0.12). Entre las principales alteraciones bioquímicas sanguíneas, sobresalen los porcentajes de subnormalidad de los niveles de proteína (65,24 g/l), urea (2,08 mmol/l) y glucosa (1,97 mmol/l), todo ello se relaciona con la nutrición proteica y energética. El ganado bovino Macabeo tiene alto potencial genético, por su adaptación al trópico, por lo que se recomienda considerarlos para perfeccionar en el país el programa de conservación y mejora de este genotipo
    corecore