Élaboration et validation d'un outil de dépistage des déficits du fonctionnement exécutif /

La présente recherche a été subventionnée par l'Association des collèges privés du Québec dans le cadre du programme de recherche et d'expérimentationBibliographie

Typologie des formes d’humus forestières (sous climats tempérés)

National audienceLe présent chapitre actualise la typologie des formes d'humus forestières dans le cadre du Référentiel Pédologique 2008. Les horizons de référence O et A sont définis sur la base de caractères directement observables sur le terrain, avec une liste de qualificatifs permettant de décrire toutes les variantes possibles des formes d'humus forestières présentes en climat tempéré. Des clés d'identification sont fournies pour les formes d'humus aérées et hydromorphes, ainsi que des tableaux synoptiques

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in the characterisation of rotator cuff disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Different diagnostic imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography (US), MRI, MR arthrography (MRA) are commonly used for the characterisation of rotator cuff (RC) disorders. Since the most recent systematic reviews on medical imaging, multiple diagnostic studies have been published, most using more advanced technological characteristics. The first objective was to perform a meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging for characterisation of RC disorders. Since US is used at the point of care in environments such as sports medicine, a secondary analysis assessed accuracy by radiologists and nonradiologists. Methods A systematic search in three databases was conducted. Two raters performed data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias independently, and agreement was achieved by consensus. Hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic package was used to calculate pooled estimates of included diagnostic studies. Results Diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of full-thickness RC tears was high with overall estimates of sensitivity and specificity over 0.90. As for partial RC tears and tendinopathy, overall estimates of specificity were also high (\u3e0.90), while sensitivity was lower (0.67â 0.83). Diagnostic accuracy of US was similar whether a trained radiologist, sonographer or orthopaedist performed it. Conclusions Our results show the diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of fullthickness RC tears. Since full thickness tear constitutes a key consideration for surgical repair, this is an important characteristic when selecting an imaging modality for RC disorder. When considering accuracy, cost, and safety, US is the best option

An Exhaustive, Non-Euclidean, Non-Parametric Data Mining Tool for Unraveling the Complexity of Biological Systems – Novel Insights into Malaria

Complex, high-dimensional data sets pose significant analytical challenges in the post-genomic era. Such data sets are not exclusive to genetic analyses and are also pertinent to epidemiology. There has been considerable effort to develop hypothesis-free data mining and machine learning methodologies. However, current methodologies lack exhaustivity and general applicability. Here we use a novel non-parametric, non-euclidean data mining tool, HyperCube®, to explore exhaustively a complex epidemiological malaria data set by searching for over density of events in m-dimensional space. Hotspots of over density correspond to strings of variables, rules, that determine, in this case, the occurrence of Plasmodium falciparum clinical malaria episodes. The data set contained 46,837 outcome events from 1,653 individuals and 34 explanatory variables. The best predictive rule contained 1,689 events from 148 individuals and was defined as: individuals present during 1992–2003, aged 1–5 years old, having hemoglobin AA, and having had previous Plasmodium malariae malaria parasite infection ≤10 times. These individuals had 3.71 times more P. falciparum clinical malaria episodes than the general population. We validated the rule in two different cohorts. We compared and contrasted the HyperCube® rule with the rules using variables identified by both traditional statistical methods and non-parametric regression tree methods. In addition, we tried all possible sub-stratified quantitative variables. No other model with equal or greater representativity gave a higher Relative Risk. Although three of the four variables in the rule were intuitive, the effect of number of P. malariae episodes was not. HyperCube® efficiently sub-stratified quantitative variables to optimize the rule and was able to identify interactions among the variables, tasks not easy to perform using standard data mining methods. Search of local over density in m-dimensional space, explained by easily interpretable rules, is thus seemingly ideal for generating hypotheses for large datasets to unravel the complexity inherent in biological systems

Configurations of mother–child and father–child attachment relationships as predictors of child language competence: An individual participant data meta‐analysis

An individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to test pre-registered hypotheses about how the configuration of attachment relationships to mothers and fathers predicts children's language competence. Data from seven studies (published between 1985 and 2014) including 719 children (Mage: 19.84months; 51% female; 87% White) were included in the linear mixed effects analyses. Mean language competence scores exceeded the population average across children with different attachment configurations. Children with two secure attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with one or no secure attachment relationships (d=.26). Children with two organized attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with one organized attachment relationship (d=.23), and this difference was observed in older versus younger children in exploratory analyses. Mother– child and father–child attachment quality did not differentially predict language competence, supporting the comparable importance of attachment to both parents in predicting developmental outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Heterogeneous decrease in malaria prevalence in children over a six-year period in south-western Uganda

Malaria is a major public health problem, especially for children. However, recent reports suggest a decline in the malaria burden. The aim of this study was to assess the change in the prevalence of malaria infection among children below five years of age between 2004 and 2010 in a mesoendemic area of Uganda and to analyse the risk factors of malaria infection

Cent scientifiques répliquent à SEA (Suppression des Expériences sur l’Animal vivant) et dénoncent sa désinformation

La lutte contre la maltraitance animale est sans conteste une cause moralement juste. Mais elle ne justifie en rien la désinformation à laquelle certaines associations qui s’en réclament ont recours pour remettre en question l’usage de l’expérimentation animale en recherche

L'étranger dans le champ de vision des Français

Comment les Français voient-ils le monde ? Que pensent-ils de la politique étrangère de leur pays ? Du rôle joué par les Etats-Unis, par l'Union européenne, par la Russie ou par la Chine ? Pensent-ils que la France a encore une influence sur la scène mondiale ? Quelles sont pour eux les nouvelles menaces mettant en péril leur sécurité ? Le 11 septembre a-t-il changé leur regard sur l'étranger proche ou lointain ? A toutes ces questions, Jean-François Bureau tente de répondre en analysant de nombreux sondages et enquêtes d'opinion réalisés en France, en Europe ou aux Etats-Unis. D'un côté, les Français semblent se méfier du monde, en avoir peur. De l'autre, c'est dans l'Europe qu'ils placent leurs espoirs de pouvoir maîtriser encore les évolutions globales qu'ils ont trop l'impression de subir. Et ils ne semblent plus trouver dans l'exception française en matière de défense ou de politique étrangère de quoi les rassurer quant au destin de leur pays, dont ils savent la puissance déclassée.Bureau. L'étranger dans le champ de vision des Français. In: Politique étrangère, n°4 - 2002 - 67ᵉannée. pp. 899-914