Os recursos visuais na compreensão de leitura em lingua estrangeira : reflexões sobre exames de vestibular

Orientador: Denise Bertoli BragaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemResumo: Como professora de leitura em língua inglesa, preocupa-me entender como se dá o processo de compreensão de leitura em inglês, bem como buscar formas mais eficientes de melhorar o desempenho dos alunos nessa habilidade. Para tanto, fez-se necessária uma análise mais profunda das teorias de leitura em língua estrangeira, e também uma investigação sobre o desempenho dos alunos nessa prática. Do ponto de vista teórico, a literatura atual tem favorecido a orientação interativa de leitura em língua estrangeira. Dentro dessa orientação, a leitura depende tanto das estratégias descendentes de compreensão (processamento top down) quanto do processamento ascendente (bottom up). Em linha com a proposta do ensino de leitura instrumental tradicional, essa orientação mais recente também contempla a possibilidade de processos descendentes auxiliarem e compensarem o conhecimento deficiente da língua alvo que gera problemas no processamento ascendente (bottom up). A literatura também indica que os recursos visuais, tais como título e ilustração, bem como os recursos gráficos extra-verbais (negrito, itálico, diagramação, paragrafação) podem contribuir para a formação de hipóteses que ancoram processos descendentes e contribuem para a compreensão do texto. Teorias vinculadas à tradição semiótica, como a de Kress e Van Leeuwen, reforçam essa possibilidade ao apontar que nas matérias impressas da mídia, o aspecto visual assume diferentes funções no processo de veiculação da informação textual. Os autores também afirmam que a leitura do visual é culturalmente aprendida. É possível, portanto, pressupor que diferenças culturais podem afetar a utilidade do aspecto visual como âncora para a compreensão textual, principalmente em se tratando de leitura em língua estrangeira por leitores não proficientes no idioma. Neste trabalho buscarei investigar a relação da informação visual na compreensão de textos em inglês, tendo como objeto de análise exames de vestibular e dados de desempenho dos candidatosAbstract: As a teacher of English, my concern is understanding how the process of reading comprehension in English works, as well as searching for more efficient ways to improve the students¿ performance in this ability. For that, a deep analysis of foreign languages reading theories is necessary and, also, an investigation on the students¿ performance in this practice. Regarding theory, the literature has favored the interactive approach to foreign language reading. In this approach, the reading practice depends on both, bottom up and top down comprehension strategies. This approach also focuses on the possibility of top down processing to help and compensate for the deficient knowledge of the target language that generates problems on the bottom up processing. The literature also indicates that visual resources, such as titles, images, as well as non verbal graphic resources (bolding, italics, layout, paragraphing) may help to the construction of hypotheses that contribute to the comprehension of the text. Theories linked to the semiotic tradition, such as the one from Kress and van Leeuwen, reinforce this possibility when they point out that in the press media the visual aspect has different functions when transmitting the information. The authors also state that the visual reading is culturally determined. It is possible, though, to suppose that cultural differences may affect the use of visual aspects as the anchor to the comprehension of the text, mainly in the reading of foreign language by readers that are not proficient in the idiom. In this paper my aim is to investigate the importance of the visual information in the comprehension of texts in English, having as the object the analysis of a university admission examination and the performance data of the candidatesMestradoEnsino-Aprendizagem de Segunda Lingua e Lingua EstrangeiraMestre em Linguística Aplicad

Food supplement in Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia dubia cultures: effects of yeast and feed digestion

Over ten years the diet consisting of green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and a suspension of digested fish flake food plus yeast was employed in culturing daphnids, Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia dubia in the Aquatic Ecotoxicology Laboratory of CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, SP, Brazil). However, oscillations in the quality of cultures, with adverse effects on adult survival, were attributed to the addition of this complement. For this reason, experiments were conducted to evaluate the supplying of such mixture with the presence and absence of yeast and, later on, with and without digestion of fish flake food. The results showed that a diet including algae and the suspension of non digested (solubilized) fish flake food, permitted the attainment of the quality criteria for Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia dubia cultures, established in the respective standard procedures. Key words: Daphnia similis; Ceriodaphnia dubia; culture; diet; feeding suspension. *Corresponding author: Sandra V. Buratini, e-mail: [email protected]

Overcoming the Difficulties of Developing and Transferring an Input- Output Model for Electricity Consumption Forecasts to the Users

Abstract This paper relates an ongoing experience of developing and transferring the knowledge required to understand and operate a regionally disaggregated supply and use input-output model. This R&D project is financed by ANEEL, the Brazilian regulatory agency for electricity generation and distribution, and it is conducted in partnership between an electricity utility company, CPFL, and the Department of Economics at the University of São Paulo (FEA/USP) in Brazil. A brief account of the model theoretical structure is provided, from which three major improvements are expected: a) a better impact assessment of structural economic changes on the consumption of electricity; b) analyses tailored to the specific regional boundaries of the CPFL area of operation; and c) the identification of direct and indirect changes on electricity consumption accruing from regional development. In order to establish an in-company team capable of applying the model in response to their day to day managerial demands, a training program was devised in order to make them as familiar as possible with the necessary input-output theoretical background, and also skillful enough so as to efficiently apply the model. The paper relates the challenges that have been found in doing so, which means not only transferring academic knowledge to an audience not familiarized to input-output economics within a time schedule severely constrained by the pressure of daily work, but also to match this knowledge to the company technical interests.

Overcoming the difficulties of developing and transferring an input-output model for electricity consumption forecasts to the users

This paper relates an ongoing experience of developing and transferring the knowledge required to understand and operate a regionally disaggregated supply and use input-output model. This R&D project is financed by ANEEL, the Brazilian regulatory agency for electricity generation and distribution, and it is conducted in partnership between an electricity utility company, CPFL, and the Department of Economics at the University of São Paulo (FEA/USP) in Brazil. A brief account of the model theoretical structure is provided, from which three major improvements are expected: a) a better impact assessment of structural economic changes on the consumption of electricity; b) analyses tailored to the specific regional boundaries of the CPFL area of operation; and c) the identification of direct and indirect changes on electricity consumption accruing from regional development. In order to establish an in-company team capable of applying the model in response to their day to day managerial demands, a training program was devised in order to make them as familiar as possible with the necessary input-output theoretical background, and also skillful enough so as to efficiently apply the model. The paper relates the challenges that have been found in doing so, which means not only transferring academic knowledge to an audience not familiarized to input-output economics within a time schedule severely constrained by the pressure of daily work, but also to match this knowledge to the company technical interests

Overcoming the difficulties of developing and transferring an input-output model for electricity consumption forecasts to the users

This paper relates an ongoing experience of developing and transferring the knowledge required to understand and operate a regionally disaggregated supply and use input-output model. This R&D project is financed by ANEEL, the Brazilian regulatory agency for electricity generation and distribution, and it is conducted in partnership between an electricity utility company, CPFL, and the Department of Economics at the University of São Paulo (FEA/USP) in Brazil. A brief account of the model theoretical structure is provided, from which three major improvements are expected: a) a better impact assessment of structural economic changes on the consumption of electricity; b) analyses tailored to the specific regional boundaries of the CPFL area of operation; and c) the identification of direct and indirect changes on electricity consumption accruing from regional development. In order to establish an in-company team capable of applying the model in response to their day to day managerial demands, a training program was devised in order to make them as familiar as possible with the necessary input-output theoretical background, and also skillful enough so as to efficiently apply the model. The paper relates the challenges that have been found in doing so, which means not only transferring academic knowledge to an audience not familiarized to input-output economics within a time schedule severely constrained by the pressure of daily work, but also to match this knowledge to the company technical interests

Characterization and control of oocyte large-scale chromatin configuration in different cattle breeds.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T01:57:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Differences in reproductive physiology between cattle breeds may help to explain distinct responses to assisted reproductive techniques and to define breed-specific protocols with improved efficiency. Germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes are characterized by increasing levels of chromatin compaction enclosed within the nucleus (graded from GV0 to GV3), associated with different developmental competence. The first objective of this study was to characterize chromatin configuration of GV stage oocytes recovered by OPU at random days of the estrous cycle from Nelore (Bos indices) and Holstein (Bos taurus) cows. In Nelore 90% of the oocytes presented advanced stages of chromatin compaction associated with higher developmental competence (GV2 and GV3), while in Holstein, only 65% of the oocytes were at these stages. Then, aiming to obtain a more homogeneous population of oocytes in Holstein, we tested two synchronization protocols combining aspiration of all visible follicles at a random day (day 0), two IM injections of FSH 12 h apart on day 2, and OPU on day 4 (OPU/D4) or 5 (OPU/D5). The protocol OPU/D4 provided around 45% of the oocytes with low chromatin compaction (GV1), while the protocol OPU/D5 provided 70% of the oocytes at GV2 and 20% at GV3. Finally, we assessed the effects of a culture system known to prevent meiotic resumption on chromatin configuration of the GV2 enriched oocyte population obtained with the protocol OPU/D5. After 9 h of culture most oocytes transited from GV2 to GV3, with 90% of the oocytes at GV3 stage. This study demonstrates differences between Nelore and Holstein cows regarding patterns of chromatin configuration that may account for their different performance in IVM/IVF. In addition, it provides novel references for the design of protocols aiming to regulate oocyte quality before IVM for the optimization of IVF outcomes. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Physiol, Ovarian Mol Physiol Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Reprod, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Milan, Dept Hlth Anim Sci & Food Safety, Reprod & Dev Biol Lab, Milan, Italy Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Physiol, Ovarian Mol Physiol Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2017/07588-4 FAPESP: 2016/21671-

Growth factors and steroidogenesis in the bovine placenta

The control of placental hormone biosynthesis is critical during gestation, since their coordinated action is essential for the normal progress of pregnancy. Hormonal synthesis regulation in placenta is still not elucidated and differs from that observed in other steroidogenic tissues since specific tropic hormones have not yet been identified. Cellular localization of growth factors in the placenta, including VEGF, EGVEGF and bFGF, points that these factors have additional roles in the organ besides their well known modulation on cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In vitro experiments bring new evidence that growth factors play regulatory roles modulating processes related to steroid hormone secretion in the placenta. Importance of local estrogen function has been highlighted and a key enzyme for its synthesis is aromatase cytochrome P450. The objective of this review was to describe some aspects of placental steroidogenesis, mainly focusing on aromatase cytochrome P450 steroidogenic enzyme expression and growth factors as others potential modulators of hormonal synthesis in the orga

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is associated with altered expression of angiogenic factor systems in bovine placentomes at term

Low efficiency of somatic cell cloning by nuclear transfer has been associated with alterations of placental vascular architecture. Placental growth and function depend on the growth of blood vessels; VEGF-A and bFGF are the most important factors controlling neovascularization and vascular permeability in the placenta. We hypothesize that the VEGF-A and bFGF systems are disrupted in placentomes from cloned animals, contributing to the placental abnormalities that are common in these clones. We determined mRNA expression and protein tissue localization of VEGF-A, bFGF, and their receptors in placentomes from cloned and non-cloned bovine fetuses at term. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that VEGFR-2 mRNA was increased in cloned male-derived placentomes, while mRNA of bFGF and its receptors were decreased in placentomes of cloned females. VEGF-A system proteins were found to be located in placentomal endothelial, maternal and fetal epithelial and stromal cells; there was a variable pattern of cellular distribution of these proteins in both cloned and non-cloned animals. Alterations in the expression of VEGF-A and bFGF systems suggest that angiogenic factors are involved in abnormal placental development in cloned gestations, contributing to impaired fetal development and poor survival ratesFAPESP 02/07392-7CAPES (PROBRAL grant 272/7)\ud CAPES (PROBRAL grant D/06/33937

Follicle development and selection: past, present and future

This paper reviews progress that has been made over the last 50 years and discusses how the development and application of new technologies have been utilized to increase our understanding of the development and selection of the dominant follicle. Our increased knowledge from research carried out worldwide, has demonstrated that the development of the dominant follicle, and importantly the production of a good quality oocyte, are controlled by a set of complex and interactive extra- and intra-ovarian control systems, impacted by underlying genetic and external environmental factors, such as nutrition. In totality this has resulted in improvements in fertility, as demonstrated by the impact of diet on oocyte quality and increased pregnancy rates. However, given the increasing global challenges of food security, coupled with climate change, more in-depth understanding of these complex multifactorial control systems will have even greater significance in overcoming today's livestock production challenges, including some that were present over 50 years ago. In conclusion, the continuing development of new technologies, coupled with new knowledge and understanding of these complex control systems, should ensure that ruminant fertility is maximized, while ensuring good animal welfare within sustainable production systems