Two essays on macroeconomics

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The empirical evidence suggests that openness decreases the effect of monetary policy on output; however the effect on prices is not statistically significant. In the first chapter of this research these predictions are tested over the open economy of Turkey for quarterly data from 1987:1 to 2001:1. This chapter assesses how the openness affects the effectiveness of monetary policy on output and prices. The purpose of the second chapter is to assess if expansionary and contractionary government spending shocks have an asymmetric effect for Turkish economy. There might be asymmetry for the effect of fiscal policy on economic outcome due to stickiness of prices, perception of changes (permanent versus transitory) and nearness to full employment. This chapter assesses this asymmetry for Turkey by using quarterly data from 1987:I to 2001:I. The empirical evidence reported here reveals that private consumption and investment decrease in the face of expansionary government spending shocks; however, they either do not change or decrease very little under contractionary government spending shocks.Doğan, BurakM.S

A sliding mode approach to visual motion estimation

The problem of estimating motion from a sequence of images has been a major research theme in machine vision for many years and remains one of the most challenging ones. In this work, we use sliding mode observers to estimate the motion of a moving body with the aid of a CCD camera. We consider a variety of dynamical systems which arise in machine vision applications and develop a novel identication procedure for the estimation of both constant and time varying parameters. The basic procedure introduced for parameter estimation is to recast image feature dynamics linearly in terms of unknown parameters and construct a sliding mode observer to produce asymptotically correct estimates of the observed image features, and then use “equivalent control” to explicitly compute parameters. Much of our analysis has been substantiated by computer simulations and real experiments

Os efeitos da pandemia do Covid-19 no desempenho das revistas acadêmicas: o caso da Turquia

Since the beginning of 2020, “Covid-19” has affected the whole world in an unprecedented way in modern times. It is inevitable that this pandemic, which has negatively affected many fields, will also have an impact on academic journals. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of academic journals. In our study, a “Data Envelopment Analysis” methodology with 3 inputs and 3 outputs was used to determine the relative “performance of the journals”. Within the scope of the study, 109 journals published in “Turkey” and scanned in “Web of Science” indexes were examined. Results show that eleven journals were efficient in 2019, while in 2020 this number decreased to seven. Four fields have been positively affected by the pandemic and journals publishing in these fields have increased their efficiencies. Eighteen fields were adversely affected by the pandemic and the efficiency of journal publishing in these fields decreased. Eleven fields and journals publishing in these fields maintained their efficiency both before and during the pandemic. As the Covid-19 pandemic is not over yet, our data is limited. In the coming years, more detailed and comprehensive studies can be carried out with more extensive data and a further number of journals from different countries

Kronik Bel Ağrılı Hastalarda Fasyal Tedavinin Etkinliğinin Araştırılması

Çalışmamız, nörolojik defisiti olmayan kronik bel ağrılı (KBA) hastalarda fasyal tedavinin etkinliğini araştırmak amacıyla planlandı. Çalışmaya KBA teşhisi konulan 55 hasta katıldı. Hastalar rastgele kontrollü çalışma yöntemi ile çalışma ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı. Çalışma grubuna, klasik fizyoterapi (Hotpack, mikro dalga diatermi, vakum enterferans, egzersiz) uygulamasına ek olarak, 5 aşamalı fasyal mobilizasyon tedavisi uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna ise sadece klasik fizyoterapi uygulandı. Tüm bireyler tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası ağrı (Vizüel Ağrı Skalası-VAS), esneklik (otur uzan testi ve Modifiye Schober testi), fonksiyonel düzey (Oswestry Bel Ağrısı Anketi) ve kinezyofobi (Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği) açısından değerlendirildi. Tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası gruplar kendi içinde karşılaştırıldığında, hem çalışma grubunda hem de kontrol grubunda ağrı, esneklik ve fonksiyonel düzeyde iyileşme olduğu (p<0.05) gözlendi. Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında ise, fonksiyonel düzey ve kinezyofobi dışındaki tüm parametrelerde çalışma grubu lehine anlamlı fark olduğu saptandı (p<0.05). Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında; kronik bel ağrılı hastalarda fasyal mobilizasyon yönteminin klasik fizyoterapiye göre ağrı ve esneklik üzerinde daha etkili olduğu görüldü. Bundan sonraki çalışmalarda ve fizyoterapi rehabilitasyon uygulamalarında fasyal tedavinin klasik fizyoterapiyle birlikte kullanılmasının, hastalarda daha çabuk iyileşmeye ve fonksiyonel sonuçlara yol açacağı görüşündeyiz

Open Source Coded Data Recording and Observation Software For Controlling Informatics Infrastructure

DergiPark: 413431tujesData logger devices allow users to observe and record types of data. In order to be able to keep track of the systems, which are affected by temperature, humidity, and similar physical parameters and to be able to update the productivity, this kind of data is needed. In this study, OpenTEMP, an open source data recording, and observation software have been developed in order to carry out instantaneous and historical follow up of physical data. The physical data to be used in the developed system is determined as temperature. The system is programmed to observe and record the inside and outside temperatures of a server room. The user interface of the developed open-source data logger system is web-based. In this article, the components of the OpenTEMP system are introduced and the operation steps are explained.Veri kaydediciler kullanıcılar tarafından ihtiyaç duyulan türde verilerin gözlemlenmesini ve kayıt altında tutulmasını sağlayan cihazlarıdır. Günümüzde gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte sıcaklık, nem ve benzeri fiziksel parametrelerden etkilenen sistemlerin hem takip edilebilmesi hem de verimlilik güncellemelerinin yapılabilmesi için bu gibi yazılım ve cihazlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bilişim teknolojilerinde kullanılan işlem yükü fazla olan sistemler için sıcaklık kaynaklı periyodik verimsizliklerin belirlenmesi, giderilmesi ve verimlilik güncellemelerinin yapılabilmesi amacıyla tasarlanan açık kaynak kodlu OpenTEMP yazılımının yapısı anlatılmıştır. Geliştirilen yazılımda test aşamasında kullanılacak fiziksel veri sıcaklık olarak belirlenmiştir ve testler bu doğrultuda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yazılım, sunucuların ve bulundukları ortamın iç-dış sıcaklıklarını kayıt altında tutmak ve gözlemlemek amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Bilişim altyapılarının denetlenmesi için açık kaynak kodlu veri kayıt ve gözlem yazılımı sisteminin kullanıcı arayüzünü bir web sayfası oluşturmaktadır. Bu makalede geliştirilen OpenTEMP sisteminin donanım ve yazılım bileşenleri tanıtılmış,  operasyon aşamaları anlatılmıştır.

Comparison of thoracotomy and thoracoscopy in patients with esophageal atresia - tracheoesophageal fistula

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the patients who underwent EA-TEF repair with both classical and thoracoscopic methods, and thus to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques. Materials and methods: In this study, the files of 45 patients who underwent surgery for EA-TEF at the Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine (EUFM) Pediatric Surgery Clinic between August 2005 and July 2012 were retrospectively examined. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical method applied. Results: A total of 45 patients who presented with EA-TEF and underwent surgical procedures were evaluated. Thirty-one (70%) patients underwent thoracotomy (Group I), and 14 (30%) patients underwent surgery using the thoracoscopic method (Group II). The average gestational age was 37.5 weeks, and the birth weight was 2600 grams. Nineteen (42%) of the patients were female, and 26 (58%) were male. Group I was 39 weeks and 38 weeks in Group II. There was no significant difference in gestational age between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding accompanying system anomalies (p&gt;0.05). The time to surgery for patients in both groups was 2 days (p&gt;0.05). The operation time in Group I (95 minutes) was shorter than in Group II (105 minutes) (p&lt;0.05). The time to start gavage feeding after surgery in Group II was shorter compared to Group I (p&lt;0.05). No difference was detected between the groups concerning the time to start oral feeding (p&gt;0.05). No difference was detected between the groups concerning the length of hospital stay (p&gt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the rate of complications (p&gt;0.05). No patient died during surgery. Eleven (35%) of the 31 patients in Group I and 2 (14%) of the 14 patients in Group II died between postoperative days 1 and 25. There was no difference in mortality rates between the groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: Postoperative complications were detected at similar rates in both groups

The Effect of Tranexamic Acid and Tourniquet Use on Tibial Cement Penetration in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties

Background: In this study, our aim was to compare the effects of tourniquet and tranexamic acid (TXA) use on tibial cement penetration in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using radiograph images. In addition, we also aimed at investigating the effects of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and bone mineral density on cement penetration. Methods: One hundred seventy patients who underwent TKA for primary osteoarthritis were retrospectively evaluated. TXA was administered to patients in group 1 (n = 96), and tourniquet application was used in patients in group 2 (n = 74). Tibial cement penetration was evaluated radiologically on a total of 4 zones: 2 anteroposterior and 2 lateral zones. In addition, age, gender, BMI, and bone mineral density were recorded in each group. Results: The mean cement penetration in the total study population was 2.34 ± 0.24 mm, with a mean of 2.33 ± 0.25 mm in the TXA group and a mean of 2.35 ± 0.24 mm in the tourniquet group (P = .453). A negative correlation was detected between BMI and anteroposterior 1 values in the total and TXA groups (P = .022 and P = .029). In the evaluation of the differences between genders, significantly higher penetration values were observed only in the females in the tourniquet group (P = .024). Conclusions: The use of TXA instead of a tourniquet does not reduce the depth of cement penetration in TKA. The clinical implications of individual-induced penetration differences may be significant for future implant survival. © 2020 The Author

Changements saisonniers et altitudinaux des concentrations foliaires en nutriments de Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)

La résorption est l’une des plus importantes stratégies d’utilisation des nutriments développées par les plantes. Le ratio de la surface foliaire à la masse sèche (SLA) est lié aux nutriments foliaires. Dans la présente étude, les changements de concentration en SLA, N et P, le rapport N/P et la teneur en C des feuilles de lumière et d’ombre de la liane sempervirente Hedera helix L. ont été étudiés au long de l’année sur un gradient altitudinal. L’efficience (RE) et l’efficacité (RP) de la résorption foliaire ont également été calculées dans les feuilles de lumière et celles d’ombre. Les traits foliaires ont montré des changements significatifs entre les localités et au cours de l’année. Des différences significatives sont apparues entre les feuilles de lumière et celles d’ombre pour ce qui concerne le SLA, la concentration en N et la teneur en C, mais se sont avérées dépendantes des différences d’altitude. Toutefois, aucune différence significative de concentration en P n’a été trouvée entre les feuilles de lumière et celles d’ombre. Dans les feuilles, tant de lumière que d’ombre, le SLA augmentait à la fin du printemps et baissait après l’automne. D’une manière générale, la teneur en C augmentait en janvier. La concentration en N des feuilles, tant de lumière que d’ombre, était habituellement la plus faible en début d’été et croissait en octobre. Les plus fortes teneurs en P ont été observées entre décembre et janvier dans toutes les localités. N/P différait significativement selon les localités. L’interaction localité x temps était aussi significative sauf pour les concentrations en P foliaire et N/P. Des corrélations positives ont été notées entre les traits foliaires et ceux du sol comme le SLA, les N, P et C foliaires, l’humidité du sol, et les teneurs en N, P et C. La PRE (efficience de la résorption du phosphore) et la NRP (efficacité de la résorption de l’azote) différaient de manère significative entre les localités mais pas entre les feuilles de lumière ou d’ombre. Cependant, la NRE (efficience de la résorption de l’azote) et la PRP (efficacité de la résorption du phosphore) n’étaient pas significativement différentes. Les feuilles de lumière et celles d’ombre ont montré une resorption incomplète car, dans toutes les localités, les valeurs de NRP et de PRP étaient supérieures aux niveaux de référence.Nutrient resorption is one of the most important nutrient use strategies developed by plants. The ratio of leaf area to dry mass (SLA) is related to leaf nutrients. In this study, the changes in SLA, N, P concentrations, N/P ratio and C content of sun and shade leaves of the evergreen liana Hedera helix L. were investigated over the year in an altitudinal gradient. Foliar resorption efficiency (RE) and proficiency (RP) were also calculated in sun and shade leaves. Leaf traits significantly changed among studied localities and over the year. There were statistically significant differences between sun and shade leaves regarding SLA, N concentration and C content, but these were dependent on the differences of altitude. However, no significant differences were found for P concentrations between sun and shade leaves. SLA increased in sun and shade leaves at the end of the spring and decreased after the fall. Leaf C content generally increased in January. Leaf N concentration in sun and shade leaves was usually lowest in early summer and increased in October. The highest leaf P content was found between December and January in all localities. N/P significantly differed between localities. Locality × time interaction was also significant except leaf P concentrations and N/P. Positive correlations were seen between leaf and soil traits such as SLA, leaf N, P and C, soil moisture, N, P and C. PRE (Phosphorus resorption efficiency) and NRP (Nitrogen resorption proficiency) were significantly different among the localities, but not among sun and shade leaves. However, NRE (Nitrogen resorption efficiency) and PRP (Phosphorus resorption proficiency) were not significantly different. Sun and shade leaves of H. helix showed incomplete resorption, because, in all localities, NRP and PRP values were above the benchmark levels