TOXICITY OF ATRAZINE AND RELATED TO TESTICULAR, TISSUE DAMAGING ENZYME LEVELS IN POECILIA SPHENOPS

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Atrazine (ATZ) on the enzyme levels in Poecilia sphenops.Methods: The cytosolic testicular enzyme and tissue-damaging enzyme activity were measured in Poecilia sphenops was exposed to 3 sub-lethal concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/l) of atrazine for 100days and control was also maintained. The toxic effects of ATZ to Poecilia sphenops were assessed through testicular marker enzyme, tissue-damaging enzyme level.Results: The activities of testicular functional enzyme ALP, ACP, SDH, LDH, G6PDH and tissue-damaging the activities of glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity levels were altered in treated groups compared with that of the control.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that atrazine induces tissue damage in terms of enhanced enzyme activity and testicular enzyme activity in Poecilia sphenops. Atrazine has toxicity to the reproductive system in Poecilia sphenops

The caudo-ventral pallium is a novel pallial domain expressing Gdf10 and generating Ebf3-positive neurons of the medial amygdala

In rodents, the medial nucleus of the amygdala receives direct inputs from the accessory olfactory bulbs and is mainly implicated in pheromone-mediated reproductive and defensive behaviors. The principal neurons of the medial amygdala are GABAergic neurons generated principally in the caudo-ventral medial ganglionic eminence and preoptic area. Beside GABAergic neurons, the medial amygdala also contains glutamatergic Otp-expressing neurons cells generated in the lateral hypothalamic neuroepithelium and a non-well characterized Pax6-positive population. In the present work, we describe a novel glutamatergic Ebf3-expressing neuronal subpopulation distributed within the periphery of the postero-ventral medial amygdala. These neurons are generated in a pallial domain characterized by high expression of Gdf10. This territory is topologically the most caudal tier of the ventral pallium and accordingly, we named it Caudo-Ventral Pallium (CVP). In the absence of Pax6, the CVP is disrupted and Ebf3-expressing neurons fail to be generated. Overall, this work proposes a novel model of the neuronal composition of the medial amygdala and unravels for the first time a new novel pallial subpopulation originating from the CVP and expressing the transcription factor Ebf3.This work was supported by Grants of the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche; ANR) [ANR-13-BSV4-0011] and by the French Government through the ‘Investments for the Future’ LABEX SIGNALIFE [ANR-11-LABX-0028-01] to M.S., by the Spanish Government (BFU2007-60263 and BFU2010-17305) to A.F, and by the Medical Research Council (MR/K013750/1) to T.T. N.R.-R. is funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Ville de Nice, France (“Aide Individuelle aux Jeunes Chercheurs 2016”).Peer reviewe

Virtual screening of coumarin derivative for Hypoxic tumours

In the present study the coumarin derivatives as ligands were docked with carbonic anhydrase -IX receptor as lead compounds or not a lead compounds The Best ligand was evaluated for Molecular properties and Bioactivity prediction using chemsketch, ADMET-Pred and Molinspiration tools for its pharmacokinetic properties The results of the study demonstrated that ligand-41 was a best ligand for carbonic anhydrase -IX which is concluded as Inhibitor for hypoxic tumour

ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY OF MARINE GREEN MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS ON MOST AND LEAST POLLUTED AREAS ALONG THE SOUTH-EAST COAST OF INDIA

Antioxidants are the innate or acquired molecules capable of slowing down or preventing the oxidation of other molecules, thus reduces the oxidative damage (damage due to reactive oxygen species) that caused by free radicals. The Rayapuram fishing harbour of Chennai (Station-1) is highly oil contaminated with oil sleeks on the surface. The relatively moderately oil contaminated area (Station-2) is about 2 km away from the fishing harbour and the least contaminated Vellar estuary Parangipettai (Station-3) was considered as the reference site. The two year (2005-2007) observation was recorded seasonally; the antioxidant activity varied seasonally and organally (digestive gland, gill and mantle) in the marine green mussel Perna viridis. The common antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were evaluated. The CAT and SOD are responded well with seasons (i.e. monsoon, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and summer seasons). During monsoon period, both CAT and SOD activity are very low in all the stations, in both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period their activity were moderate and higher enzyme activity was noted during summer season. On contrary, the GR activity was noted as very low during summer and very high during pre or post monsoon and the activity was moderate during monsoon period. In addition the GR activity responds to temperature also but the other antioxidants COT and SOD yielded no detectable activity. Among the organs liver showed higher COT and SOD activity when compared to gill and mantle but the GR exhibited the increased activity in gill but not in liver

BIOLOGY AND BIOMETRY OF A BEAUTIFUL AND FORAGEABLE FRESHWATER CRUSTACEAN STREPTOCEPHALUS DICHOTOMUS (BAIRD)

Crustaceans are the highly preferred delicacy for many organisms including man. The preference was reflected from the quantum of selective feed in take from the wild predatory organisms, which was evaluated by the gut content analysis. But the gut mainly contain partially digested or fragments of prey after digestion. Such a forage uptake could also used as a tool to quantify the actual consumption by the predators, in this regard the present work on length related parameter evaluation is mandatory. Hence, the relationship between length and other measurable body features (such as total length, total weight, head length, thorax length, abdomen length, cercopod length, male second antennal length and brood pouch length) were established here by measuring 118 males, 143 females and 54 juveniles of Streptocephalus dichotomus collected from the seasonal ponds at Bharathidasan University, Tamilnadu. The maximum size recorded was 42mm ♂ and 37 mm♀ indicating that males grow larger than females. The sexually dimorphic characters such as budding of the brood pouch in females and the predominantly larger second antenna occurred during 4th day from hatching at a size of 5mm length ♂. The first spawning was noted at the 11th day with a size of 9mm length. The body mean ‘Kn’ values coincide with the maturity stages and clutch periods. The results of the length related body measurements forms the basis in assessing its biomass from the gut content remnants of the predatory organism besides predicting the expected maturity size and quantum of cysts produced. The mean ‘Kn’ value in relation to weight was also calculated as a measure of its body condition during its growth phase. Further, Streptocephalus are able to complete their life cycle even in very small water bodies and in shorter duration of a fortnight

Alkaline Phosphotase as one of the tool for the detection of PAH pollution in estuarine clam Meretrix casta

It is the fat that Meretrix casta is the sturdy clams that live even in elevated level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, caused by extreme population in water. Mixture of pollutants released in to the water that affect the aquatic life, could be determined by the tissue (liver, mantle & gill) sample. ALP activity can help predict the surviving water quality. The activity of ALP is likely to reflect the metabolic state of fish / shellfish sample from the different regions. In the present study poly aromatic benzoic hydrocarbon – naphthalene treated Meretrix casta exerts an elevated level of ALP that indicate the cellular damage in the vital tissues of animal. Thus from this study it is concluded that the pollution induced level ALP activity in Meretrix casta appear to be indicators of certain types of organic pollution contained in the water