Reversality of optical interactions in noncentrosymmetric media

The interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a noncentrosymmetric crystal is not necessarily time reversible, and the departure from reversality may be seen in nonlocal (wave-vector linear) phenomena. However, relativistic symmetry with respect to simultaneous time and space inversion is always preserved in optics

Is the dry-band characteristic a function of pollution and insulator design?

This research work aims to assess whether dry-band formation and location are function of pollution level with the application of new insulator surface design. Artificial pollution tests have been performed on a 4-shed 11kV insulators with conventional and textured surface designs in clean-fog chamber and a voltage ramp shape source. The statistical location and extension of the dry-bands during these comparative tests have been analysed and it may offer good suggestions to establish design guidelines in dry-band control

National survey of commissioners' and service planners' views of public health nursing in the UK

Improving public health is a key policy area both in the United Kingdom (UK) and internationally. The governments across the four UK countries each have specific strategies to guide improvements in public health services, promote greater emphasis on how people can best be helped to live healthier lives and to help address the unprecedented challenges of both an increasing population and financial austerity. Nurses are often ideally suited and uniquely placed to respond to public health challenges as they understand the particular risks of individuals but also know the population and the communities they work in. Traditionally in the UK public health nurses have been seen as those in specialist community roles such as health visitors, school nurses and occupational health nurses and in some cases specialist practitioners. However, there is an increasing need for all nurses to embrace the contribution they can have to make every contact count. During 2015 the Royal College of Nursing in the UK (RCN) undertook a programme of work building on a previous project2 to showcase public health nursing (see www.nurses4PH.org.uk). As part of this wider RCN programme, a survey was conducted to explore the views of commissioners and others involved in designing and planning public health services about the nursing and midwifery contribution to public health. The aims were to explore the perceived value of nursing in public health, to better understand the roles of nurses and midwives in public health, how these roles were valued, and what and where the gaps were in public health nursing knowledge and education

SAMPLE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY UTILIZNGELECTROMAGNETIC RADATION

Simultaneous use of wavelengths in at least two ranges Selected from RADIO, MICRO. FIR, IR, NIR-VIS-NUV. UV, DUV, VUV EUV, XRAY in a regression procedure to evaluate parameters in mathematical dispersion structures to model dielectric functions

Bi(OTf)(3)-, TfOH-, and TMSOTf-Mediated, One-Pot Epoxide Rearrangement, Addition, and Intramolecular Silyl-Modified Sakurai (ISMS) Cascade toward Dihydropyrans: Comparison of Catalysts and Role of Bi(OTf)(3)

Catalytic quantities of bismuth(III) triflate efficiently initiate the rearrangement of epoxides to aldehydes, which subsequently react with (Z)-delta-hydroxyalkenylsilanes to afford 2,6-disubstituted 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans. Isolated yields of desired products using Bi(OTf)(3) were compared with yields obtained when the reactions were run with TfOH and TMSOTf in the presence and absence of several additives. These studies, as well as NMR spectroscopic analyses, indicate an initial Lewis acid/base interaction between Bi(OTf)(3) and substrates providing TfOH in situ

Variation in the use of chemotherapy in lung cancer

Factors influencing the use of chemotherapy for the initial (6 months) treatment of lung cancer in South East England were investigated. The variables explored as possibly influencing the use of chemotherapy were sex, age, the year of diagnosis, the type of lung cancer, the stage, the index of multiple deprivation and the cancer network of residence. χ2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of each of the variables on the use of chemotherapy. The results showed a highly significant trend in use of chemotherapy over time; the adjusted proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy increasing from 13.6% in 1994 to 29.3% in 2003. However, age, cancer network and type of lung cancer had the strongest influence on the use of chemotherapy. This finding is important when we consider that the NHS Cancer Plan aims at improving inequalities in cancer care in the UK

High temporal resolution delayed analysis of clinical microdialysate streams

We thank the Wellcome Trust DOH (HICF-0510-080), the EPSRC (EP/H009744/1) (cycling experiments), and the Imperial Confidence in Concept scheme, Ovarian Cancer Action UK (ovarian tissue measurements), the National Science Foundation (CHE-1608757), and the NIH (R01 MH104386) for fundin

Discovery of a first-in-class potent small molecule antagonist against the adrenomedullin-2 receptor

The hormone adrenomedullin has both physiological and pathological roles in biology. As a potent vasodilator, adrenomedullin is critically important in regulation of blood pressure, but it also has several roles in disease, of which its actions in cancer are becoming recognized to have clinical importance. Reduced circulating adrenomedullin causes increased blood pressure but also reduces tumour progression, so drugs blocking all effects of adrenomedullin would be unacceptable clinically. However, there are two distinct receptors for adrenomedullin, each comprising the same orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), together with a different accessory protein known as a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP). CLR with RAMP2 forms an adrenomedullin-1 receptor and CLR with RAMP3 forms an adrenomedullin-2receptor. Recent research suggests that selective blockade of adrenomedullin-2 receptors would be valuable therapeutically. Here we describe the design, synthesis and characterization of potent small molecule adrenomedullin-2 receptor antagonists with 1,000-foldselectivity over the adrenomedullin-1 receptor. These molecules have clear effects on markers of pancreatic cancer progression in vitro, drug-like pharmacokinetic properties and inhibit xenograft tumour growth and extend life in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Taken together, our data support the promise of a new class of anti-cancer therapeutics as well as improved understanding of the pharmacology of the adrenomedullin receptors and other GPCR/RAMP heteromers