The Libyan HIV Outbreak How do we find the truth?

In reply to The coresspondence article "Libyan J Med, AOP: 070219 (published 22 February 2007). The article The Case of the Libyan HIV-1 Outbreak: Libyan J Med, AOP: 070201 (published 3 February 2007

Photorhabdus Luminescens Phase II Cells Growth Kinetic Study Using A 5L A Plus Sartorius Stedim Biostat® Fermentation System

Photorhabdus luminescens lives symbiotically with the nematode species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. This symbiotic couple may become a bio-control key to replacing chemical pesticides. The nematode is able to infect a wide variety of destructive insects without causing harm to beneficial insect species. There are numerous advantages of biocontrol methods including decreased maintenance and less repeated use than chemical pesticides. Nematodes are also resilient to the environment for reproduction. To better assess the growth characteristics of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, the growth kinetics of the bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens must be understood. By varying the media composition, optimal conditions were found to present the highest specific growth rate and the shortest doubling time of P. luminescens. These conditions could be scaled into mass production with high yield

Expressed sequence tags from Peromyscus testis and placenta tissue: Analysis, annotation, and utility for mapping

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mice of the genus <it>Peromyscus </it>are found in nearly every habitat from Alaska to Central America and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They provide an evolutionary outgroup to the <it>Mus/Rattus </it>lineage and serve as an intermediary between that lineage and humans. Although <it>Peromyscus </it>has been studied extensively under both field and laboratory conditions, research has been limited by the lack of molecular resources. Genes associated with reproduction typically evolve rapidly and thus are excellent sources of evolutionary information. In this study we describe the generation of two cDNA libraries, one from placenta and one from testis, characterize the resulting ESTs, and describe their utility for mapping the <it>Peromyscus </it>genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The 5' ends of 1,510 placenta and 4,798 testis clones were sequenced. Low quality sequences were removed and after clustering and contig assembly, 904 unique placenta and 2,002 unique testis sequences remained. Average lengths of placenta and testis ESTs were 711 bp and 826 bp, respectively. Approximately 82% of all ESTs were identified using the BLASTX algorithm to <it>Mus </it>and <it>Rattus</it>, and 34 – 54% of all ESTs could be assigned to a biological process gene ontology category in either <it>Mus </it>or <it>Rattus</it>. Because the <it>Peromyscus </it>genome organization resembles the <it>Rattus </it>genome more closely than <it>Mus </it>we examined the distribution of the <it>Peromyscus </it>ESTs across the rat genome finding markers on all rat chromosomes except the Y. Approximately 40% of all ESTs were specific to only one location in the <it>Mus </it>genome and spanned introns of an appropriate size for sequencing and SNP detection. Of the primers that were tried 54% provided useful assays for genotyping on interspecific backcross and whole-genome radiation hybrid cell panels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The 2,906 <it>Peromyscus </it>placenta and testis ESTs described here significantly expands the molecular resources available for the genus. These ESTs allow for specific PCR amplification and broad coverage across the genome, creating an excellent genetic marker resource for the generation of a medium-density genomic map. Thus, this resource will significantly aid research of a genus that is uniquely well-suited to both laboratory and field research.</p

The LibyanHIV outbreak how do we find the truth

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Expressed sequence tags from testis and placenta tissue: Analysis, annotation, and utility for mapping-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Expressed sequence tags from testis and placenta tissue: Analysis, annotation, and utility for mapping"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/300</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():300-300.</p><p>Published online 24 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443383.</p><p></p

Expressed sequence tags from testis and placenta tissue: Analysis, annotation, and utility for mapping-1

Ed using homologs. GO terms were obtained using the online tool, FatiGO []. The 'n' denotes the number of genes containing the same GO term, and the percentage represents the ratio of the number of genes annotated with the same GO term versus the total number of genes with GO annotation (some genes do not have GO information and many genes have multiple GO annotations).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Expressed sequence tags from testis and placenta tissue: Analysis, annotation, and utility for mapping"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/300</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():300-300.</p><p>Published online 24 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443383.</p><p></p