Morphological aspects of the medican sacral artery

Departamentul de morfologie, Facultatea de medicină, Universitatea „Ovidius”, Constanţa, România, Conferința Ştiinţifică Internaţională ”Probleme actuale ale morfologiei” dedicată celor 70 de ani de la fondarea Universității de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, 15-16 octombrie 2015Abstract The median sacral artery was evaluated on a number of 44 cases, including 14 dissected cases, while the other 30 cases were on angioCT’s. In all cases, the median sacral artery originated from the posterior face of the aorta, above its terminal branch, at a distance of 5-18 mm. Its vertical downward traject is straight or, more rarely, slightly wavy within the interiliac space; it can be median (40.91% of cases), near the left common iliac artery (31.22% of cases) or near the right one (27, 27% of cases). The median sacral artery caliber was measured on 16 cases (12 males and 4 females), finding it between 1.8 to 6.2 mm, with higher values in males (5.2 to 6 2 mm). The 16 cases were classified as follows: 1.8-2.5 mm: 8 cases (50% of cases); 3.1 to 3.9 mm: 5 cases; 5.2-5.5 mm: 2 cases; 6.2 mm: 1 case

Single cell force spectroscopy of T cells recognizing a myelin-derived peptide on antigen presenting cells

T-cell recognition of peptide-MHC complexes on APCs requires cell-cell interactions. The molecular events leading to T-cell activation have been extensively investigated, but the underlying physical binding forces between T-cells and APCs are largely unknown. We used single cell force spectroscopy for quantitation of interaction forces between T-cells and APCs presenting a tolerogenic peptide derived from myelin basic protein. When T-cells were brought into contact with peptide-loaded APCs, interaction forces increased with time from about 0.5nN after 10s interaction to about 15nN after 30min. In the absence of antigen, or when ICAM-1-negative APC was used, no increase in binding forces was observed. The temporal development of interaction forces correlated with the kinetics of immune synapse formation, as determined by LFA-1 and TCR enrichment at the interface of T-cell/APC conjugates using high throughput multispectral imaging flow cytometry. Together, these results suggest that ICAM-1/LFA-1 redistribution to the contact area is mainly responsible for development of strong interaction forces. High forces will keep T-cells and APCs in tight contact, thereby providing a platform for optimal interaction between TCRs and peptide-MHC complexes