Industrial handling renew in meat processing industry

Namen diplomske naloge je bila izvedba posodobitve odseka transportne proge. V ta namen smo izbrali ustrezno opremo in izvedli vse potrebne nastavitve opreme, zmodelirali nosilce, shematsko prikazali vse vezalne sheme in napisali računalniški program, ki bo s to opremo komuniciral. Transportna proga prevaža sklade manipulacijskih enot. Manipulacijske enote so s transportnimi etiketami opremljeni plastični zabojniki, v katerih je zapakirano meso in mesni izdelki. Posodobitev smo izvedli z zamenjavo ročnega krmiljenja obstoječe transportne proge s krmiljenjem s pomočjo računalniškega programa in perifernih naprav. Računalniški program, ki je izdelan v programskem jeziku C#, komunicira s perifernimi napravami s pomočjo I/O komunikacijske kartice. Za odčitavanje črtnih kod na transportnih etiketah smo uporabili čitalce črtnih kod. Z njimi zajemamo podatke manipulacijskih enot in preverjamo kakovost izpisa črtnih kod. V primeru nezadovoljive kakovosti izvedemo ponoven izpis etiket in preverimo stanje tiskalnika, ki jih je natisnil. Podatke o manipulacijski enoti izpisujemo na ekran, preverjamo pa tudi konsistentnost podatkov manipulacijskih enot v skladu. Za določitev števila manipulacijskih enot v skladu, ki je lahko največ šest, smo uporabili odsevne senzorje. Enaki senzorji so uporabljeni tudi za zaznavanje položaja sklada v postrojenju. V povezavi z računalniškim programom krmilijo senzorji tudi pnevmatske valje in pogon dodatnega transportnega traku v postrojenju, s tem pa premikajo sklade manipulacijskih enot na želene lokacije.The aim of the thesis was to carry out an upgrade of the section of the conveying path. For this purpose, we have selected the appropriate equipment. Made all the necessary settings of equipment, modeled carriers, schematically shown all wiring diagrams and write a computer program that will communicate with this equipment. Conveying line is transporting stacks of handling units. Handling units are plastic containers equipped with transport labels. The content of handling units is meat and meat products. Upgrade was accomplished by replacing the manual control of the existing conveyor line with control by a computer program and peripheral devices. A computer program that is made in the C# programming language communicate with peripheral devices via the I / O communication card. To read bar codes on transport labels barcode readers were used. With them handling units data is extracted and quality of printed barcodes is checked. In case of unsatisfied quality re-print of labels is carried out and condition of printer that printed them is checked. Information about handling units is displayed on the screen, and also handling unit’s data consistency in stack is checked. To determine the number of handling units in stack, which can be a maximum of six proximity reflective sensors were used. The same sensors are also used to detect the position of the handling units stack in conveying path. In conjunction with the computer program sensors are also controlling the pneumatic cylinders and operate the additional conveyor belt in the conveying path and thereby move stacks of handling units to the desired location

Matematičko modeliranje nekih društvenih fenomena

U ovom radu predstavili smo matematičke modele koji opisuju neke društvene fenomene kao što su dinamika ekonomije, kriminologija te posebno, utaja poreza. U prvom poglavlju smo opisali evoluciju raspodjele bogatstva u društvu. Prvo, kompartmentalnim modelom gdje smo društvo podijelili u $n$ klasa ovisno o njihovom socijalnom indeksu, a kasnije smo predstavili poopćenje modela neprekidnim modelom gdje na dinamiku društva utječe faktor ekonomske mobilnosti, tj. promjena socijalnog indeksa. Zatim, u drugom poglavlju smo imali za cilj dodatno razumijevanje teorijskih mehanizama u kriminologiji. Koristili smo pristup koji nam pomaže u boljem razumijevanju činjenica koje karakteriziraju modeliranje u kriminologiji te u planiranju strategija u suprotstavljanju kriminala. Predstavili smo klasu modela baziranu na Lotka-Volterra teoriji „predator-plijen'' populacije gdje smo iznijeli model trokuta podpopulacija kriminalaca, čuvara i meta, te model proizvodnje i prodaje droge gdje smo imali podpopulacije dilera i proizvođača droga. Zatim, predstavili smo klasu epidemioloških modela gdje se regrutacija među podpopulacijama događa nekom vrstom „zaraze''. Tu smo imali model veze siromaštva i kriminala te model četiri podpopulacije gdje smo imali podpopulaciju kriminalaca, podložnih i nepodložnih „zarazi'' te zatvorenika. Na kraju smo iznijeli složeniji pristup problemu koji uzima u obzir društveno-ekonomsku dinamiku iz prvog poglavlja. Konačno, u posljednjem poglavlju predstavili smo modele bazirane na staničnom automatu koji su se bavili posebnom vrstom kriminala, a to je utaja poreza. Koristeći dvodimenzionalni stanični automat predstavili smo model gdje se pojedinac može opisati kao pridonosioc društvu (tj. onaj koji plaća porez) ili onaj koji ne pridonosi društvu (tj. utajivač poreza). Na kraju poglavlja smo proširili model uvođenjem fiskalne politike.In this thesis we present mathematical models that describe social phenomena such as economic dynamics, criminology and tax evasion. In the first chapter we describe the evolution of the distribution of wealth in society. Firstly, we use compartmental model where we divide the society into the n classes depending on their social index, and later we introduce the generalization of the model with continuous model where the dynamics of society are influenced by economic mobility, i.e. the change in the social index. Then, in the second chapter, we aim at further understanding the theoretical mechanisms in criminology. We have an approach that helps us to better understand the facts that characterize modeling in criminology and plan crime prevention strategies. We introduce a class of models based on Lotka-Volterra’s theory of ”predator-prey” populations where we present a triangle model consisting of sub-populations of criminals, guards and targets, and a model of drug production and sales where we have sub-populations of dealers and drug manufacturers. Next, we present the class of epidemiological models where recruitment among sub-populations occurs with some type of ”infection”. Here we describe a model of poverty and crime, and a model of four sub-populations where we have sub-populations of criminals, those who are not susceptible to commit a crime, those who are susceptible to commit a crime and prisoners. Finally, we introduce a more complex approach to the problem that takes into account the socio-economic dynamics introduced in the first chapter. In the last chapter, we describe models based on cellular automata where we consider a particular kind of crime, i.e. tax evasion. Using a two-dimensional cellular automata approach, we present a model where an individual can either be contributor (tax payer) or no contributor (tax evader or cheater). At the end of the chapter we expand the model by introducing the fiscal policy

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tetraethylammonium Di-μ-fluoro-bis[aquadifluoro-oxovanadate(IV)]

The title complex, [NEt4h [V202F6(H20h], has been isolated from an aqueous solution of VOF2 and [NEt4]F. The crystal stru..:. cture has been determined from threedimensional counter X-ray data. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 708.8(1), b = 1316.6(2), c = 1362.4(2) pm, p = 97.58(1)0 and Z = 2. Least-squares refinement of the structure based on 1523 observations led to final discrepancy indices of R = 0.058 and Rw = = 0.067. The structure consists of discrete dinuclear u11l:ci [V202F5(H20h]2- with a crystallogra<phic centre of inversion. Dimeric units are linked into chains by hydrogen bonds [O-H ... F 259.1(5) and 267.9(5) pm]. The geometry around vanadium is distorted octahedral with V-F distances from 192.0(4) to 220.9(3) pm, V-0 159.4(4) pm, V-OH2 208.3(4) pm, V-V 332.8(1) pm, and V-F-V 106.0(2)

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tetraethylammonium Di-μ-fluoro-bis[aquadifluoro-oxovanadate(IV)]

The title complex, [NEt4h [V202F6(H20h], has been isolated from an aqueous solution of VOF2 and [NEt4]F. The crystal stru..:. cture has been determined from threedimensional counter X-ray data. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 708.8(1), b = 1316.6(2), c = 1362.4(2) pm, p = 97.58(1)0 and Z = 2. Least-squares refinement of the structure based on 1523 observations led to final discrepancy indices of R = 0.058 and Rw = = 0.067. The structure consists of discrete dinuclear u11l:ci [V202F5(H20h]2- with a crystallogra<phic centre of inversion. Dimeric units are linked into chains by hydrogen bonds [O-H ... F 259.1(5) and 267.9(5) pm]. The geometry around vanadium is distorted octahedral with V-F distances from 192.0(4) to 220.9(3) pm, V-0 159.4(4) pm, V-OH2 208.3(4) pm, V-V 332.8(1) pm, and V-F-V 106.0(2)

Web C compiler for small educational microprocessor

Cilj diplomskega dela je bil izdelati prevajalnik iz programskega jezika C v zbirni jezik, ki deluje kot spletna stran v vsakem spletnem brskalniku brez namestitve dodatnih programov. Spletna stran omogoča tudi simulacijo programske in zbirne kode s prikazom trenutnega stanja v pomnilniku ciljnega sistema in možnostjo spreminjanja vhodnih signalov. Prevajalnik je v celoti napisan v programskih jezikih JavaScript, HTML in CSS. Zmogljivost prevajalnika je zaradi strukture ciljnega sistema omejena samo na osnovne funkcije. V uvodu so predstavljene zmogljivosti in omejitve prevajalnika ter razlike med obstoječimi prevajalniki. Sledi natančnejši opis delovanja prevajalnika, od zajema vhodne kode, vmesne obdelave in sintaktične analize do izdelave izhodne kode. Nato sta podrobneje opisana uporabniški vmesnik in delo s simulatorjem. V zadnjem delu pa je opisanih še nekaj funkcij, ki so dodane, da omogočajo razhroščevanje in iskanje morebitnih napak prevajalnika. Z izdelavo prevajalnika se bo olajšalo delo študentov pri programiranju in testiranju 12-bitnega mikrokrmilnika, ki ga samo izdelajo v vezju FPGA, v okviru laboratorijskih vaj pri predmetu Načrtovanje digitalnih elektronskih sistemov.The aim of the thesis was to write a program which translates C programming language to an assembly language and runs as a website in every browser without the need to install any additional program installation. The website also features a simulation of the program and assembly code and displays the current memory state of the target system. It also enables changes to the input signals during the simulation. The compiler is written entirely in programming languages JavaScript, HTML and CSS. Due to the structure of the target system, the capability of the compiler is limited to its basic functions. Introduction presents the capabilities and limitations of the compiler, and differences from the existing compilers. A more detailed description of the compiler\u27s performance followsfrom lexical analysis, through code preprocessing and syntactic analysis, to the output code generation. User interface and working with the simulator are then described in detail. The last part contains descriptions of certain functions, added to allow debugging and searching for possible errors of the compiler. The compiler will ease the work of students when they program and test the 12-bit microcontroller, which they make themselves in the FPGA circuit as a Digital Electronic Systems Design laboratory assignment

The “Autothixotropic” Phenomenon of Water and its Role in Proton Transfer

In an experimental study, significantly higher conductivity values than those of freshly prepared chemically analogous solutions were found in aged (~one year old) aqueous solutions, except for those stored frozen. The results surprisingly resemble a previously noticed phenomenon in liquid water, which develops when water is stored in closed vessels. This was observed as a disturbing phenomenon in gravimetric measurements and in luminescence spectroscopy measurements. The phenomenon was termed “autothixotropy of water” due to the weak gel-like behavior which develops spontaneously over time, in which ions seem to play an important role. Here, according to experimental results we propose that contact with hydrophilic surfaces also plays an important role. The role of the “autothixotropy of water” in proton transfer is also discussed

Burnout and lifestyle of principals and entrepreneurs

Research Question (RQ): What kind of lifestyle do the principals and entrepreneurs lead? Does the lifestyle of principals and entrepreneurs influence burnout? Purpose: To find out, based on the results of a questionnaire, what kind of lifestyle both researched groups lead. Does lifestyle have an influence on the occurrence of the phenomenon of burnout. Method: We used the method of data collection by questionnaire. Acquired data were analyzed using SPSS, descriptive and inference statistics. Results: Results showed, that both groups lead a similar lifestyle and that lifestyle influences burnout with principals, as well as entrepreneurs. Organization: School principals and entrepreneurs are the heads of individual organizations or companies, the goal of which is success. To be successful in their work, they must adapt their lifestyle, which can be healthy or unhealthy. If their lifestyle is unhealthy, it can lead to burnout. Society: With results of the questionnaire we would like to answer the question about the lifestyle of both groups and its influence on the occurrence of burnout. Originality: The study of lifestyle and the occurrence of burnout in these two groups is the first study in this area. Limitations/Future Research: In continuation, research groups could be submitted to the research fields of effort physiology and tracking of certain haematological parameters, such as cholesterol, blood sugar and stress hormones - adrenaline, noradrenalin, cortisol. Thus, we could carry out an even more in depth research of the connection between lifestyle and burnout

VJEROJATNOST USPJEŠNOG SPREČAVANJA POŽARA U PODZEMNIM GARAŽAMA

Underground car park fires are among the riskiest firefighting operations. The main reasons for high risks are underground location, large spaces, possible high fire load, lack of installed fire protection systems, etc. When accounting for an underground car park fire scenario we must know the fire load, i.e. car characteristics, number of cars in underground car park, underground car park design features and possible ignition sources. Based on this framework we can predict the fire development. Additional help can be provided by using deterministic and probabilistic methods. In general, fire spread will be highly dependable on the initial fuel – the first vehicle, which was ignited and the spread of fire to adjacent vehicles. The success of fire brigade intervention depends on fire development stage at the time of its arrival at the fire scene. In this paper heat fluxes during car fires were analyzed. Experimental data were recalculated by computational fluid dynamics code (CFD) where some significant consistency was found. In addition to this, real underground car park fire (the fire that was used as an example happened in Ljubljana in 2007) and fire brigade response times were analyzed by probabilistic method. Car burning properties and realistic fire data were compared to probabilistic values. The expected performance of these features has often been predicted using rules-of thumb or expert judgment. These approaches often lack the convincing technical bases that exist when addressing fire safety measures and fire brigade responses. This paper presents science-based approaches to analyze fire brigade response and fire spread in underground car parks.Sprečavanje požara u podzemnim garažama među najopasnijim je vatrogasnim operacijama. Glavni uzroci visokog rizika su podzemna lokacija, veliki prostor, potencijalno visoko požarno opterećenje, nedostatak sustava zaštite od požara, itd. Pri analizi mogućih scenarija požara u podzemnoj garaži mora biti poznato požarno opterećenje, tj. karakteristike i broj vozila u podzemnoj garaži, osobitosti konstrukcije same podzemne garaže te mogući izvori paljenja. Na temelju ovih podataka može se predvidjeti razvoj požara. Kao pomoćni alat mogu se primjenjivati determinističke i probabilističke metode. Općenito će širenje požara jako ovisiti o početnoj gorivoj tvari, tj. o prvom vozilu koje se zapalilo, te o širenju požara na susjedna vozila. Uspjeh intvervencije vatrogasne postrojbe ovisi o fazi razvoja požara zatečenoj po dolasku na mjesto požara. U ovom radu analizirani su toplinski tokovi koji nastaju prilikom požara na vozilima. Eksperimentalni podaci provjereni su izračunima uporabom računalne dinamike fluida, pri čemu su utvrđene značajne podudarnosti. Probabilističkom metodom provedena je analiza stvarnog požara u podzemnoj garaži koji se dogodio 2007. godine u Ljubljani, kao i vrijeme odziva vatrogasnih postrojbi u konkretnom slučaju. Značajke gorenja automobila i stvarni podaci o požaru uspoređeni su s vrijednostima dobivenim probabilističkim metodama. Ove značajke često se predviđaju i procjenjuju na temelju iskustva stručnjaka, no takvom pristupu nedostaje uvjerljiva tehnička podloga kakva postoji pri analizi mjera zaštite od požara i odziva vatrogasnih postrojbi. U ovom radu prikazani su znanstveno utemeljeni pristupi analizi odziva vatrogasnih postrojbi i širenja požara u podzemnim garažama