Effect of sub lethal concentration of imidacloprid on proximate body composition of Labeo rohita

Randomly selected 320 fingerling of Labeo rohita were collected from Faheem fish farm, Mattital Road, Multan. Groups of 40 fish each were exposed to subleathal concentration of imidacloprid (120 mg L^-1) under short (2, 4 and 8 days) and long term (16, 32 and 64 days) conditions to access the effect of this most extensively used pesticide on the body composition parameters of economically most important fresh water fish, L. rohita, in Pakistan. Separate control groups were used for each imidacloprid treatment. It was found that most of the studied body composition parameters remained unaffected during short and long term experimental treatments as compared to their respective control groups with the exception of the 64 days treatment where several parameters including body weight (p = 0.02), dry body weight (p = 0.005), % dry weight (p = 0.001), total water contents (p = 0.04), total fat (p = 0.03), % fat wet weight (p = 0.001), % fat dry weight (p = 0.003), total organic contents (p = 0.04), % organic content wet weight (p = 0.001), total proteins (p = 0.005) and % protein wet body weight (p = 0.001) had significantly lower values in imidacloprid treated fish as compared to control group. Our results indicated that chronic exposure of imidacloprid can adversely affect the nutritional quality of L. rohita

Gut modulator effects of Conyza bonariensis explain its traditional use in constipation and diarrhea

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The current investigation was carried out to explore the pharmacological basis of the crude extract of Conyza bonariensis (Cb.Cr) for its use in constipation and diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plant extract of Conyza bonariensis (C. bonariensis) was prepared, isolated guinea-pig ileum and rabbit jejunum preparations were used to evaluate its gut modulator effects. RESULTS: The Cb.Cr (0.3-10 mg/mL) exhibited spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation, which was about 19-84% of the acetylcholine maximum. Pretreatment of the tissues with atropine (0.1 µM) abolished the contractile effect, similar to acetylcholine. Among the fractions, only the butanol fraction exhibited atropine sensitive contractile effect. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, Cb.Cr produced appreciable atropine-sensitive spasmogenic effect at lower concentrations (0.03-0.3 mg/mL) followed by spasmolytic effect at next higher concentration (1.0 and 3.0 mg/mL). Cb.Cr caused an inhibition of the high K+ induced contraction in isolated rabbit jejunum preparation with EC50 value of 0.62 mg/mL. Similarly, verapamil, a standard calcium blocker, inhibited high K+ induced contraction in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations. Cb.Cr caused a right ward shift in the Ca++ concentration response curve, similar to verapamil. Among various fractions of C. bonariensis, only hexane and ethylacetate fractions showed spasmolytic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The crude extract of C. bonariensis contains spasmogenic and spasmolytic constituents, which explains its medicinal use in constipation and diarrhe

MULTI DEPOT VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM DENGAN PENGEMUDI SESEKALI

Distribusi merupakan suatu proses penyaluran barang dari satu atau kumpulan produsen kepada konsumen. Dalam proses pendistribusian semua produsen mengharapkan untuk meminimumkan biaya pendistribusian. Oleh karena itu perlu diformulasikan suatu model dalam optimasi untuk meminimumkan biaya pendistribusian. Salah satu model yang telah diformulasikan adalah vehicle routing problem (VRP) dengan pengemudi sesekali untuk meminimumkan biaya pendistribusian di satu tempat produksi. Selanjutnya dalam makalah ini akan diformulasikan model VRP dengan pengemudi sesekali untuk dua tempat produksi, sehingga disebut multi depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) dengan pengemudi sesekali. Tujuan dari formulasi model (MDVRP) dengan pengemudi sesekali ini adalah untuk meminimumkan biaya pendistrbusian Penggunaan kendaraan milik pengemudi sesekali dalam model MDVRP dengan pengemudi sesekali menunjukkan bahwa model ini dapat digunakan untuk meminimalkan biaya pendistribusian pada dua tempat produksi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, model ini dapat digunakan untuk meminimumkan biaya pendistribusian untuk dua tempat produksi dan selanjutnya dapat dijadikan acuan untuk pengerjaan lebih dari dua tempat produksi

Nano-Socketed Nickel Particles with Enhanced Coking Resistance Grown \u3cem\u3ein situ\u3c/em\u3e by Redox Exsolution

Metal particles supported on oxide surfaces are used as catalysts for a wide variety of processes in the chemical and energy conversion industries. For catalytic spplications, metal particles are generally formed on an oxide support by physical or chemical deposition, or less commonly by exsolution from it. Although fundamentally different, both methods might be assumed to produce morphologically and functionally similar particles. Here we show that unlike nickel particles deposited on perovskite oxides, exsolved analogues are socketed into the parent perovskite, leading to enhanced stability and a significant decrease in the propensity for hydrocarbon coking, indicative of a stronger metal-oxide interface. In addition, we reveal key surface effects and defect interactions critical for future design of exsolution-based perovskite materials for catalytic and other functionalities. This study provides a new dimenstion for tailoring particle-substrate interactions in the context of increasing interest for emergent interfactial phenomena

Systematic analysis of disease-specific immunological signatures in patients with febrile illness from Saudi Arabia

10.1002/cti2.1163Clinical and Translational Immunology98e116

Scaling of the F_2 structure function in nuclei and quark distributions at x>1

We present new data on electron scattering from a range of nuclei taken in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. For heavy nuclei, we observe a rapid falloff in the cross section for $x>1$, which is sensitive to short range contributions to the nuclear wave-function, and in deep inelastic scattering corresponds to probing extremely high momentum quarks. This result agrees with higher energy muon scattering measurements, but is in sharp contrast to neutrino scattering measurements which suggested a dramatic enhancement in the distribution of the `super-fast' quarks probed at x>1. The falloff at x>1 is noticeably stronger in ^2H and ^3He, but nearly identical for all heavier nuclei.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to physical revie

New measurements of high-momentum nucleons and short-range structures in nuclei

We present new measurements of electron scattering from high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. These data allow an improved determination of the strength of two-nucleon correlations for several nuclei, including light nuclei where clustering effects can, for the first time, be examined. The data also include the kinematic region where three-nucleon correlations are expected to dominate.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Results from JLab E02-01

Serum Ferritin and Iron Levels in Adolescence Obesity

Introduction: It has been reported that obese children have a higher incidence of high ferritin and transferrin saturation than non obese children. The excessive iron stores can cause type 2 diabetes among patients with hemochromatosis, and this event could also occurred in obesity. Objectives: This study sought to know the level of serum ferritin and iron (ferrum) in adolescent obesity which could lead to initiate insulin resistance. Methods: Fifty five adolescence women (3 obese, 22 overweight, and 30 normal weight) involved in this study. The obesity was determined by body mass index (BMI), which are obese if BMI > 30 kg/m2; overweight if BMI 25-30 kg/m2; and normal weight if BMI 0.05). It was appeared that serum ferritin and iron tended to elevated following the raising of body mass index (BMI)

Remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding schemes for cognitive radio sensor networks

Channel bonding (CB) is a technique used to provide larger bandwidth to users. It has been applied to various networks such as wireless local area networks, wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio networks, and cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). The implementation of CB in CRSNs needs special attention as primary radio (PR) nodes traffic must be protected from any harmful interference by cognitive radio (CR) sensor nodes. On the other hand, CR sensor nodes need to communicate without interruption to meet their data rate requirements and conserve energy. If CR nodes perform frequent channel switching due to PR traffic then it will be difficult to meet their quality of service and data rate requirements. So, CR nodes need to select those channels which are stable. By stable, we mean those channels which having less PR activity or long remaining idle time and cause less harmful interference to PR nodes. In this paper, we propose two approaches remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding (RITCB) and remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding with interference prevention (RITCB-IP) for cognitive radio sensor networks which select stable channels for CB which have longest remaining idle time. We compare our approaches with four schemes such as primary radio user activity aware channel bonding scheme, sample width algorithm, cognitive radio network over white spaces and AGILE. Simulation results show that our proposed approaches RITCB and RITCB-IP decrease harmful interference and increases the life time of cognitive radio sensor nodes