INDEPENDENT ORIGINATION OF FLORAL ZYGOMORPHY, A PREDICTED ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO POLLINATORS: DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENETIC MECHANISMS

Observations of floral development indicate that floral organ initiation in pentapetalous flowers more commonly results in a medially positioned abaxial petal (MAB) than in a medially positioned adaxial petal (MAD), where the medial plane is defined by the stem and the bract during early floral development. It was proposed that the dominant MAB petal initiation might impose a developmental constraint that leads to the evolution of limited patterns of floral zygomorphy in Asteridae, a family in which the floral zygomorphy develops along the medial plane and results in a central ventral (CV) petal in mature flowers. Here, I investigate whether the pattern of floral organ initiation may limit patterns of floral zygomorphy to evolve in pentapetalous angiosperms. I analyzed floral diagrams representing 405 species in 330 genera of pentapetalous angiosperms to reconstruct the evolution of floral organ initiation and the evolution of developmental processes that give rise to floral zygomorphy on a phylogenetic framework. Results indicate that MAB petal initiation is the most common; it occupies 86.2% of diversity and represents the ancestral state of floral organ initiation in pentapetalous angiosperms. The MAD petal initiation evolved 28 times independently from the ancestral MAB petal initiation. Among the 34 independent originations of floral zygomorphy, 76.5% of these clades represent MAB petal initiation, among which only 47% of the clades result a CV petal in mature flowers. The discrepancy is explained by the existence of developmental processes that result in floral zygomorphy along oblique planes of floral symmetry in addition to along the medial plane. Findings suggest that although the early floral organ initiation plays a constraining role to the evolution of patterns of floral zygomorphy, the constraint diverges along phylogenetically distantly related groups that allow the independent originations of floral zygomorphy through distinct development processes in pentapetalous angiosperms. In additional study, the butterfly-like flowers of Schizanthus are adapted to pollination by bees, hummingbirds, and moths. I investigated the genetic basis of the zygomorphic corolla, for which development is key to the explosive pollen release mechanism found in the species of Schizanthus adapted to bee pollinators. I examined differential gene expression profiles across the zygomorphic corolla of Schizanthus pinnatus, a bee-pollinated species, by analyzing RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNA- seq). Data indicated that CYC2 is not expressed in the zygomorphic corolla of Sc. pinnatus, suggesting CYC2 is not involved in the development of floral zygomorphy in Schizanthus (Solanaceae). The data also indicated that a number of genes are differentially expressed across the corolla

ANALISIS RASIO PROFITABILITAS, RASIO LIKUIDITAS, RASIO AKTIVITAS, DAN RASIO SOLVABILITAS UNTUK MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial performance of mining companies based on the analysis of profitability, liquidity, activity and solvency ratios listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling obtained by a sample of 26 companies. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach and the data used is in the form of secondary data. The results of this study show that the financial performance of mining companies based on profitability ratios is in an unfavorable condition because return on assets, return on equity and net profit margin fluctuate from 2020-2022. Based on the liquidity ratio when viewed from the current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio are in poor condition from 2020-2022. Based on the activity ratio from 2020-2022, it is in a poor condition. Based on the solvency ratio, the total dept to equity is in good condition. However, when viewed from the total dept to assets, the company is in poor condition from 2020-2022

Role of N-glycosylation in oral cancer

Oral squamous cell carcinoma represents more than 90% head and neck cancers with high incidence rate and morbidity. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for OSCC initiation and progression to advanced disease. Thus, identifying key pathways involved in OSCC pathobiology is likely to lead to the identification of new druggable targets and future anti-cancer therapies. Work from our laboratory has linked the metabolic pathway of protein N-glycosylation with OSCC biology. Specifically, overexpression of the first N-glycosylation gene, DPAGT1, in human OSCC tumor specimens was shown to be associated with aberrant activation of canonical Wnt signaling and inhibition of mature E-cadherin junctions. The purpose of this study was to examine how increased N-glycosylation was associated with OSCC growth and metastatic properties in cellular and murine models. We show that high level of DPAGT1 expression correlates with increased cell surface modification of malignant OSCC HSC-3 cells with complex N-glycans. Further, HSC-3 cells are hypersenitive to the N-glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, suggesting that aggressive properties of OSCC cells depend, in part, on the N-glycosylation pathway. Lastly, we show that orthotopic HSC-3 cell-derived tumor xenografts are inhibited by tunicamycin both in overall growth and metastases, indicating that targeting DPAGT1 and N-glycosylation may represent a new strategy for the treatment of OSCC in human patients

PANDANGAN TOKOH MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KETERLIBATAN ULAMA DAYAH DALAM POLITIK PRAKTIS DI ACEH BESAR

ABSTRAK BUKHARI 2016Pandangan Tokoh Masyarakat Terhadap Keterlibatan Ulama Dayah Dalam Politik Praktis di Aceh BesarDr.Drs.Husaini Ibrahim, MA(xii., 56, pp., bibl., app) Keterlibatan ulama dayah dalam politik praktis melahirkan pandangan yang pro dan kontra di tengah-tengah masyarakat, pandangan yang pro setuju akan keterlibatan ulama dayah ke dalam politik praktis karena mampu menyalurkan setiap aspirasi masyarakat dengan lebih baik sedangkan pandangan yang kontra tidak setuju dengan keterlibatan ulama dayah ke dalam politik praktis karena akan mempengaruhi citranya sebagai ulama dan hilang kekarismatik para ulama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pandangan tokoh masyarakat terhadap keterlibatan ulama dayah dalam Politik Praktis di Aceh Besar, pandangan tokoh masyarakat terhadap keterlibatan ulama dayah dalam politik serta melihat tujuan ulama dayah melibatkan diri dalam politik praktis. Data yang di perlukan dalam penulisan skripsi ini diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan. Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara membaca buku teks, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan bahan bacaan lainnya yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini, sedangkan penelitian lapangan dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai dan observasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan ulama dayah dalam politik praktis di Aceh Besar ada keinginan dari ulama itu sendiri dan juga dapat dukungan dari sebahagian masyarakat. Hal ini terjadi karena ingin memperbaiki syariat islam di tengah-tengah masyarakat dan atas dasar untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan pesantren serta memenuhi keinginan masyarakat banyak, sebahagian dari masyarakat Aceh Besar memandang suatu hal yang wajar ulama berpolitik untuk mewujudkan kepentingan-kepentingan masyarakat, sedangkan sebahagian lainnya menganggap ketika ulama terlibat dalam politik ia hanya akan mementingkan dirinya sendiri dan mampu merusak citranya sebagai ulama.Disarankan ketika ulama dayah masuk keranah politik praktis, hendaknya ulama dayah tersebut benar-benar mampu membawa politik ke arah yang lebih baik, sehingga citranya sebagai ulama masih tetap terjaga. Masyarakat diharapkan lebih mampu memahami politik dan mampu melihat sosok ulama dayah yang mampu menciptakan kesejahteraan umat yang lebih baik.Kata Kunci: Pandangan Masyarakat, Keterlibatan Ulama Dayah, Politik Praktis

HUBUNGAN SIKAP TENTANG REGULASI, PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PERAWAT TERHADAP KESIAPSIAGAAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI BLUD RUMAH SAKIT IBU DAN ANAK PEMERINTAH ACEH.

Rumah sakit termasuk dalam kelompok rentan terhadap bencana maka, dipandang perlu untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah sikap tentang regulasi, pengetahuan dan sikap perawat berhubungan dengan kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan sikap tentang regulasi, pengetahuan dan sikap perawat terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana di Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan metode cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat pelaksana di BLUD Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Pemerintah Aceh dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel sebanyak 74 orang. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa nilai x2 hitung untuk sikap tentang regulasi adalah 8.644, pengetahuan 10,014 dan sikap perawat 13.682 > dari x2 tabel (3,841) sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara sikap tentang regulasi, pengetahuan dan sikap perawat terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi di BLUD Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Pemerintah Aceh. Suatu kebijakan atau regulasi, peningkatan pengetahuan petugas kesehatan terkait kesiapsiagaan dan sikap kepedulian yang tinggi dalam menghadapi bencana gempa bumi dengan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas pelatihan bencana gempa di BLUD Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Pemerintah Aceh bekerja sama dengan lembaga bencana untuk memberikan informasi dan pelatihan secara berkala.Kata kunci : regulasi, pengetahuan, sikap, kesiapsiagaan, gempa bum

Peningkatan prestasi hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama islam materi nama-nama hari akhir dengan strategi make a match di kelas VI SDN 001 Tanah Grogot 2012/2013

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya prestasi hasil belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran pendidikan agama islam. Hal ini berdasarkan hasil nilai tes sebelum perbaikan, hasil nilai rata-rata sebelum perbaikan rendah yaitu 58,8 (ketuntasan belajar hanya mencapai 7,7%).Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan prestasi hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran pendidikan agama islam materi nama-nama hari akhir di kelas VI SDN 001 Tanah Grogot setelah diterapkan strategi make a match . Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Tindakan yang dilakukan terdiri dari tiga tindakan dalam tiga siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Adapun kelas yang diteliti adalah siswa kelas VI SDN 001 Tanah Grogot dengan jumlah siswa 26 orang. Nilai rata-rata sebelum perbaikan diperoleh nilai rata-rata 58,8 pada siklus 1 nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 65,4. Pada siklus 2 nilai rata-rata 78,5 dan siklus 3 nilai rata-rata 90,4. Jadi dari siklus I ke siklus 3 terdapat peningkatan prestasi belajar. Ketuntasan belajar pada siklus I yaitu 23,1%, siklus II 65%, sedangkan pada siklus 3 yaitu 92%

Moisture absorption and diffusivity of epoxy filled layered-structure nanocomposite

This paper studies moisture absorption and diffusivity of epoxy reinforced layered structure nanocomposites and its effect on fracture toughness. Two different types of layered fillers employed in the study were clay and graphene platelets, in which both surface layers were unmodified and modified by characterized by swelling analysis and fracture toughness measurement. The outcomes surfactant. The nanocomposites were showed that the moisture absorption and diffusivity decreased with the addition of layered fillers. It was found that the modified graphene platelets and clay outperformed the unmodified layers and neat epoxy in terms of reduction of moisture absorption and diffusivity. The modified graphene platelets reduced the moisture uptake and diffusivity about 30% and 33%, respectively compare to neat epoxy, thus indicates its outstanding performance in barrier applications. However, once the nanocomposites were swelling in the water for 5 days, it is noticed that the fracture toughness of nanocomposites were reduced significantly about 35% in average. Nevertheless, the modified graphene platelets still display the better performance compare to the other samples although there was reduction of fracture toughness