Louis XVI dans les documents iconographiques et objets produits en Grande-Bretagne

Monarque depuis le 10 mai 1774, Louis XVI engage la France dans la guerre d’Indépendance américaine, de 1778 à 1783. Or, dans le royaume de son adversaire George III, l’iconographie traduit les enjeux géostratégiques, idéologiques et politiques. Le Français, représenté plutôt défavorablement jusqu’en décembre 1788, a une meilleure image que ses ancêtres et est crédité de qualités privées et publiques. Les journées d’octobre 1789 provoquent une première vague de sympathie envers lui, amplifiée de sa destitution le 10 août 1792 à son exécution le 21 janvier 1793.Les rares pointes d’hostilité sont submergées par l’hagiographie dominante des documents papier et objets. La guerre, déclarée par la république française le 1er février 1793 et dont l’abdication de Napoléon le 6 avril 1814 annonce la fin imminente, radicalise les positions. Les adversaires de la monarchie participent à la sanctification de Louis XVI, qui incarne, pour les Britanniques, l’humanité souffrante, l’Homme victime d’un sort funeste immérité.Monarch since May 10th, 1774, Louis XVI engage France in the American War of Independence, from 1778 to 1783. In the kingdom of his opponent George III, iconography express geostrategical, ideological and political interests. The French, represented rather unfavourable until December 1788, has a better images than his ancestor’s and is credited of private and public qualities. The 1789’s October Days caused a first wave of a liking to him, magnified from his dismissal on August 10th, 1792 to his execution on January 21st, 1793. The touch of hostility is overhelmed by the prevailing hagiography both by documents on paper and by objects. The war, declared by the French Republic on February 1st, 1793, and which Napoleon’s abdication on April 6th, 1814, announce the impending, the positions became radical. The opponents of the monarchy took part in Louis XVI’s sanctification, who embodies, for the British, the suffering humanity, the Human Being victim of an undeserved deathly fate

Poly[aqua(μ-vinyl­phospho­nato)cadmium]

The title compound, [Cd(C2H3O3P)(H2O)]n, was obtained from vinyl­phospho­nic acid and cadmium nitrate. The vinyl groups project into the inter­lamellar space and the structure is held together via van der Waals forces. The Cd2+ ion is six-coordinate and the geometry is best described as distorted octa­hedral, with O—Cd—O angles falling within the range 61.72 (13)–101.82 (14)°. Five of the coordinated oxygen atoms originate from the phospho­nate group and the sixth from a bound water molecule. Cd—O distances lie between 2.220 (3) and 2.394 (2) Å. The water mol­ecule is hydrogen bonded to a phospho­nate oxygen atom

Hydrothermal conversion of micro-algae as new biomaterials for pavement

Bitumen is a non-renewable petroleum-derived product whose market is under pressure due to the fossil fuel depletion and the environmental pollution concerns. It is therefore important to anticipate the replacement of this material, heavy fraction of petroleum distillation, used mostly in road construction as a matrix of an aggregate composite material. In that context, it is necessary to look for alternatives or substitution products and find processes that can valorize new renewable biomasses. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

The response of pre-osteoblasts and osteoclasts to gallium containing mesoporous bioactive glasses.

Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) in the system SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Ga2O3 have been synthesized by the evaporation induced self-assembly method and subsequent impregnation with Ga cations. Two different compositions have been prepared and the local environment of Ga(III) has been characterized using 29Si, 71Ga and 31P NMR analysis, demonstrating that Ga(III) is efficiently incorporated as both, network former (GaO4 units) and network modifier (GaO6 units). In vitro bioactivity tests evidenced that Ga-containing MBGs retain their capability for nucleation and growth of an apatite-like layer in contact with a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. Finally, in vitro cell culture tests evidenced that Ga incorporation results in a selective effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Indeed, the presence of this element enhances the early differentiation towards osteoblast phenotype while disturbing osteoclastogenesis. Considering these results, Ga-doped MBGs might be proposed as bone substitutes, especially in osteoporosis scenarios

Novel phosphate–phosphonate hybrid nanomaterials applied to biology

International audienceA new process for preparing oligonucleotide arrays is described that uses surface grafting chemistry which is fundamentally different from the electrostatic adsorption and organic covalent binding methods normally employed. Solid supports are modified with a mixed organic/inorganic zirconium phosphonate monolayer film providing a stable, well-defined interface. Oligonucleotide probes terminated with phosphate are spotted directly to the zirconated surface forming a covalent linkage. Specific binding of terminal phosphate groups with minimal binding of the internal phosphate diesters has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the reaction of a bisphosphonate bone resorption inhibitor (Zoledronate) with calcium deficient apatites (CDAs) was studied as a potential route to local drug delivery systems active against bone resorption disorders. A simple mathematical model of the Zoledronate/CDA interaction was designed that correctly described the adsorption of Zoledronate onto CDAs. The resulting Zoledronate-loaded materials were found to release the drug in different phosphate-containing media, with a satisfactory agreement between experimental data and the values predicted from the model

Divalent Metal Vinylphosphonate Layered Materials: Compositional Variability, Structural Peculiarities, Dehydration Behavior, and Photoluminescent Properties

A family of M-VP (M = Ni, Co, Cd, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb; VP = vinylphosphonate) and M-PVP (M = Co, Cd; PVP = phenylvinylphosphonate) materials have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their structures were determined either by single crystal X-ray crystallography or from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. The crystal structure of some M-VP and M-PVP materials is two-dimensional (2D) layered, with the organic groups (vinyl or phenylvinyl) protruding into the interlamellar space. However, the Pb-VP and Cu-VP materials show dramatically different structural features. The porous, three-dimensional (3D) structure of Pb-VP contains the Pb center in a pentagonal pyramid. A Cu-VP variant of the common 2D layered structure shows a very peculiar structure. The structure of the material is 2D with the layers based upon three crystallographically distinct Cu atoms; an octahedrally coordinated Cu2+ atom, a square planar Cu2+ atom and a Cu+ atom. The latter has an unusual co-ordination environment as it is 3-coordinated to two oxygen atoms with the third bond across the double bond of the vinyl group. Metal-coordinated water loss was studied by TGA and thermodiffractometry. The rehydration of the anhydrous phases to give the initial phase takes place rapidly for Cd-PVP but it takes several days for Co-PVP. The M-VP materials exhibit variable dehydration-rehydration behavior, with most of them losing crystallinity during the process.Proyecto nacional MAT2010-15175 (MICINN, España

Menaces sur la vie de Louis XVI

Les Britanniques ont exécuté leur monarque Charles Ier, le 30 janvier 1649, après l’avoir destitué, emprisonné et traduit en justice. Ils sont les seuls à avoir cette histoire politique à la fin du xviiie siècle, quand éclate la Révolution française. Or, depuis les luttes politiques du xviie siècle, les auteurs et éditeurs ont privilégié la satire pour propager, défendre et condamner les idées politiques des différentes forces en présence. De plus, ils l’utilisent en « avertissement » pour la..

Catalyseurs d'hydrogénation recyclables (complexes de diamines à motifs phosphonates)

L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer que l'introduction de fonctions acides phosphoniques (PO3H2) sur un catalyseur organométallique permet son hétérogénéisation suivant deux approches : la catalyse supportée et la catalyse dans l'eau. Le but recherché est de faciliter la séparation du catalyseur des produits de la réaction et donc son recyclage. Les fonctions acides phosphoniques, pouvant réagir avec de nombreux précurseurs métalliques, permettent l'immobilisation covalente de complexes catalytiques performants en milieu homogène, sous forme de solides hybrides organiques-inorganiques insolubles ; le recyclage du catalyseur se fait par filtration. Un complexe de rhodium ou d'iridium d'une 2,2'-bipyridine fonctionnalisée par deux groupements PO3H2 a été immobilisé sur des particules de dioxyde de titane générées in situ.The goal of this research is to demonstrate that the introduction of phosphonic acid moieties (PO3H2) on an organometallic catalyst permits its heterogenization according to two approaches : supported catalysis and catalysis in water. The aim is to facilitate the separation of the catalyst from the products of the reaction, thus allowing the recycling of the catalytic phase.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF