Evaluation of additional head of biceps brachii: a study with autopsy material

Additional head of the biceps brachii (AHBB) has been reported in different population groups with a frequency of 1–25%. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and morphologic expression of the AHBB as determined in a sample of the Colombian population. An exploration was conducted with 106 arms corresponding to unclaimed corpses autopsied at Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Using medial incision involvingskin, subcutaneous tissue, and brachial fascia, the heads of the biceps and their innervating branches were visualised. One AHBB was observed in 21 (19.8%) of the arms evaluated, with non-significant difference (p = 0.568) per side of presentation: 11 (52.4%) cases on the right side and 10 (47.6%) on the left side. All AHBBs were originated in the infero-medial segment of the humerus, with a mean thickness of 17.8 ± 6.8 mm. In 4 (19%) cases the fascicle was thin, less than 10 mm; in 7 (33.3%) cases it was of medium thickness, between 11 and 20 mm, whereas in 47.6% it was longer than 20 mm. The length of the AHBB was 118.3 ± 26.8 mm; its motor point supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve was located at 101.3 ± 20.9 mm of the bi-epicondylar line. The incidence of AHBB in this study is located at the upper segment of what has been reportedin the literature and could be a morphologic trait of the Colombian population; in agreement with prior studies, the origin was the infero-medial surface of the humerus

Las dificultades de la integración latinoamericana a partir del modelo primario exportador

Latin America has developed within the patterns of the so-called Primary Export Model and its insertion in the international market has hindered its own cohesion and regional integration. Historical dependence on Washington’s post consensus neo-liberal models makes evident a model of structural peripheral marginalization. This open regionalism proposes a regional development model with strategies relying on endogenous resources and external markets initiatives within a political deconcentration and decentralization framework. The key to success for Latin America is to insert itself competitively in the international market with all its innate capabilities, leaving behind those technological, political and economic models of dependency.Latinoamérica se ha desarrollado dentro de los patrones del denominado Modelo Primario Exportador (MPE) y su inserción en el mercado internacional ha dificultado la propia cohesión e integración regional. La dependencia histórica profundizada a partir de los modelos neoliberales post Consenso de Washington hace evidente un modelo de marginación periférica estructural. Este regionalismo abierto propone un desarrollo regional con estrategias basadas en iniciativas de recursos endógenos y mercados externos, en un marco político de desconcentración y descentralización. La fórmula única de triunfo es insertarse, con las potencialidades internas, en el mercado internacional de forma competitiva, dejando de lado los modelos políticos de dependencia tecnológica, política y económica

Reformas comerciais (abertura) na América Latina: revisando seus impactos no crescimento e o desenvolvimento

Economic liberalization programs have a lot of common characteristics around the world, but they do not necessarily have the same consequences. The differences in their effects reflect differences inside the countries along with accidental factors of synchronization and other external events. Commerce liberalization and trade opening are generally seen as key elements for successful strategies of growth and development; however, commercial policy can induce to antagonic forces on income distribution and poverty relief. This document establishes that in Latin-American case, the use of the word opening hides both a wish and an obligation, under Washington Consensus, of the countries to follow a free trade policy where the impact on development and poverty relief are fundamentally different.Los programas de la liberalización económica tienen muchas características comunes en todo el mundo, pero no tienen necesariamente las mismas consecuencias. Las diferencias en sus efectos reflejan las diferencias en los países mismos junto con factores accidentales de sincronización y otros acontecimientos externos. La liberalización comercial y la apertura al comercio se ven generalmente como elemen- tos claves para unas exitosas estrategias de crecimiento y desarrollo, sin embargo, la política comercial puede inducir fuerzas antagónicas en la distribución de ingresos y el alivio de la pobreza. Este parece ser el caso de Latinoamérica, el uso de la palabra apertura encubre un deseo, si no una obligación bajo el Consenso de Washington, de los países para seguir una política de libre comercio y debido a las diferencias mencionadas anteriormente los impactos en el desarrollo y el alivio de la pobreza son fundamentalmente diferentes.Mesmo que em redor do mundo as características dos programas da liberalização econômica são comuns, suas conseqüências não são necessariamente iguais. As diferenças em seus impactos mostram as diferenças entre os países mesmos e fatores acidentais de sincroni- zação e outros acontecimentos externos. Geralmente, a liberalização comercial e a abertura ao comércio parecem elementos chave em estratégias exitosas de crescimento e desenvolvimento, no entanto a política comercial pode induzir forças antagônicas na distribuição do ingresso e no alivio da pobreza. Neste artigo expõe-se que, no caso latino-americano, o uso deste vocábulo abertura encobre um desejo –assim como uma obrigação, sob o consenso de Washington– dos países para uma política de livre comércio, mesmo se o impacto no desenvolvimento e no alivio da pobreza são diametralmente diferentes

Self-trapping of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate induced by interspecies interaction

The problem of self-trapping of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and a binary BEC in an optical lattice (OL) and double well (DW) is studied using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. For both DW and OL, permanent self-trapping occurs in a window of the repulsive nonlinearity $g$ of the GP equation: $g_{c1}<g<g_{c2}$. In case of OL, the critical nonlinearities $g_{c1}$ and $g_{c2}$ correspond to a window of chemical potentials $\mu_{c1}<\mu<\mu_{c2}$ defining the band gap(s) of the periodic OL. The permanent self-trapped BEC in an OL usually represents a breathing oscillation of a stable stationary gap soliton. The permanent self-trapped BEC in a DW, on the other hand, is a dynamically stabilized state without any stationary counterpart. For a binary BEC with intraspecies nonlinearities outside this window of nonlinearity, a permanent self trapping can be induced by tuning the interspecies interaction such that the effective nonlinearities of the components fall in the above window

Protein‐free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates

Q1Q11-9This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness of intratracheal administration of synthetic protein‐free pulmonary surfactant in neonates at risk of developing RDS or with established RDS. Comparison 1: Does intratracheal administration of synthetic protein‐free pulmonary surfactant compared to air placebo or normal saline or no treatment reduce mortality and other complications of preterm birth in preterm infants at risk of developing RDS? Comparison 2: Does intratracheal administration of synthetic protein‐free pulmonary surfactant compared to air placebo or normal saline or no treatment reduce mortality and other complications of preterm birth in preterm infants with clinical and/or radiologic evidence of respiratory distress syndrome requiring assisted ventilation

IRS Spectra of Solar-Type Stars: \break A Search for Asteroid Belt Analogs

We report the results of a spectroscopic search for debris disks surrounding 41 nearby solar type stars, including 8 planet-bearing stars, using the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope}. With accurate relative photometry using the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) between 7-34 \micron we are able to look for excesses as small as $\sim$2% of photospheric levels with particular sensitivity to weak spectral features. For stars with no excess, the $3\sigma$ upper limit in a band at 30-34 $\mu$m corresponds to $\sim$ 75 times the brightness of our zodiacal dust cloud. Comparable limits at 8.5-13 $\mu$m correspond to $\sim$ 1,400 times the brightness of our zodiacal dust cloud. These limits correspond to material located within the $<$1 to $\sim$5 AU region that, in our solar system, originates from debris associated with the asteroid belt. We find excess emission longward of $\sim$25 $\mu$m from five stars of which four also show excess emission at 70 $\mu$m. This emitting dust must be located around 5-10 AU. One star has 70 micron emission but no IRS excess. In this case, the emitting region must begin outside 10 AU; this star has a known radial velocity planet. Only two stars of the five show emission shortward of 25 \micron where spectral features reveal the presence of a population of small, hot dust grains emitting in the 7-20 $\mu$m band. The data presented here strengthen the results of previous studies to show that excesses at 25 \micron and shorter are rare: only 1 star out of 40 stars older than 1 Gyr or $\sim 2.5$% shows an excess. Asteroid belts 10-30 times more massive than our own appear are rare among mature, solar-type stars

Comparison of Maldi-Tof with gene sequencing in bacteria isolates from plants belonging to family Rhizobiaceae

Comunicaciones a congreso

T-PHOT: A new code for PSF-matched, prior-based, multiwavelength extragalactic deconfusion photometry

We present T-PHOT, a publicly available software aimed at extracting accurate photometry from low-resolution images of deep extragalactic fields, where the blending of sources can be a serious problem for the accurate and unbiased measurement of fluxes and colours. T-PHOT has been developed within the ASTRODEEP project and it can be considered as the next generation to TFIT, providing significant improvements above it and other similar codes. T-PHOT gathers data from a high-resolution image of a region of the sky, and uses it to obtain priors for the photometric analysis of a lower resolution image of the same field. It can handle different types of datasets as input priors: i) a list of objects that will be used to obtain cutouts from the real high-resolution image; ii) a set of analytical models; iii) a list of unresolved, point-like sources, useful e.g. for far-infrared wavelength domains. We show that T-PHOT yields accurate estimations of fluxes within the intrinsic uncertainties of the method, when systematic errors are taken into account (which can be done thanks to a flagging code given in the output). T-PHOT is many times faster than similar codes like TFIT and CONVPHOT (up to hundreds, depending on the problem and the method adopted), whilst at the same time being more robust and more versatile. This makes it an optimal choice for the analysis of large datasets. In addition we show how the use of different settings and methods significantly enhances the performance. Given its versatility and robustness, T-PHOT can be considered the preferred choice for combined photometric analysis of current and forthcoming extragalactic optical to far-infrared imaging surveys. [abridged]Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures, 2 table

Identification of z~>2 Herschel 500 micron sources using color-deconfusion

We present a new method to search for candidate z~>2 Herschel 500{\mu}m sources in the GOODS-North field, using a S500{\mu}m/S24{\mu}m "color deconfusion" technique. Potential high-z sources are selected against low-redshift ones from their large 500{\mu}m to 24{\mu}m flux density ratios. By effectively reducing the contribution from low-redshift populations to the observed 500{\mu}m emission, we are able to identify counterparts to high-z 500{\mu}m sources whose 24{\mu}m fluxes are relatively faint. The recovery of known z~4 starbursts confirms the efficiency of this approach in selecting high-z Herschel sources. The resulting sample consists of 34 dusty star-forming galaxies at z~>2. The inferred infrared luminosities are in the range 1.5x10^12-1.8x10^13 Lsun, corresponding to dust-obscured star formation rates (SFRs) of ~260-3100 Msun/yr for a Salpeter IMF. Comparison with previous SCUBA 850{\mu}m-selected galaxy samples shows that our method is more efficient at selecting high-z dusty galaxies with a median redshift of z=3.07+/-0.83 and 10 of the sources at z~>4. We find that at a fixed luminosity, the dust temperature is ~5K cooler than that expected from the Td-LIR relation at z<1, though different temperature selection effects should be taken into account. The radio-detected subsample (excluding three strong AGN) follows the far-infrared/radio correlation at lower redshifts, and no evolution with redshift is observed out to z~5, suggesting that the far-infrared emission is star formation dominated. The contribution of the high-z Herschel 500{\mu}m sources to the cosmic SFR density is comparable to that of SMG populations at z~2.5 and at least 40% of the extinction-corrected UV samples at z~4 (abridged).Comment: 33 pages in emulateapj format, 24 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the ApJ