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Is "Smart Growth" smart? : health effects of urban renewal in Portland, Oregon
This thesis examines the impact of urban renewal on individual health,
specifically focusing on an urban planning model called Smart Growth that is being used
in Portland, Oregon. Findings are based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of
interview and survey data from study participants living in a community where
renewal projects are underway. The sample included community residents, urban
planners, and fair housing advocates. Outcomes suggest that although Smart Growth
is often touted as being a solution to the negative health consequences of urban sprawl,
there are also many downsides to this form of revitalization. Urban renewal can lead
to infrastructural insecurity for residents, causing loss of social capital and even
displacement. Both factors are known to negatively influence health status
Elastic constants of beta-eucryptite: A density functional theory study
The five independent elastic constants of hexagonal -eucryptite have
been determined using density functional theory (DFT) total energy
calculations. The calculated values agree well, to within 15%, with the
experimental data. Using the calculated elastic constants, the linear
compressibility of -eucryptite parallel to the c-axis, , and
perpendicular to it, , have been evaluated. These values are in close
agreement to those obtained from experimentally known elastic constants, but
are in contradiction to the direct measurements based on a three-terminal
technique. The calculated compressibility parallel to the c-axis was found to
positive as opposed to the negative value obtained by direct measurements. We
have demonstrated that must be positive and discussed the implications
of a positive in the context of explaining the negative bulk thermal
expansion of -eucryptite.Comment: 3 eps figures, submitted for publicatio
OPserver: interactive online-computations of opacities and radiative accelerations
Codes to compute mean opacities and radiative accelerations for arbitrary
chemical mixtures using the Opacity Project recently revised data have been
restructured in a client--server architecture and transcribed as a subroutine
library. This implementation increases efficiency in stellar modelling where
element stratification due to diffusion processes is depth dependent, and thus
requires repeated fast opacity reestimates. Three user modes are provided to
fit different computing environments, namely a web browser, a local workstation
and a distributed grid.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Insolubility of Mg in Î-Si 3 N 4 in the System Al-Mg-Si-O-N
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65816/1/j.1151-2916.1978.tb09345.x.pd
Deciphering a subgroup of breast carcinomas with putative progression of grade during carcinogenesis revealed by comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) and immunohistochemistry
Distinct parallel cytogenetic pathways in breast carcinogenesis could be identified in recent years. Nevertheless, it remained unclear as to which tumours may have progressed in grade or which patterns of cytogenetic alteration may define the switch from an in situ towards an invasive lesion. In order to gain more detailed insights into cytogenetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the chromosomal imbalances of 206 invasive breast cancer cases were characterised by means of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). CGH data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and the results were further compared with immunohistochemical findings on tissue arrays from the same breast cancer cases. The combined analysis of immunohistochemical and cytogenetic data provided evidence that carcinomas with gains of 7p, and to a lesser extent losses of 9q and gains of 5p, are a distinct subgroup within the spectrum of ductal invasive grade 3 breast carcinomas. These aberrations were associated with a high degree of cytogenetic instability (16.6 alterations per case on average), 16q-losses in over 70% of these cases, strong oestrogen receptor expression and absence of strong expression of p53, c-erbB2 and Ck 5. These characteristics provide strong support for the hypothesis that these tumours may develop through stages of well- and perhaps intermediately differentiated breast cancers. Our results therefore underline the existence of several parallel and also stepwise progression pathways towards breast cancer
Strong Scattering of High Power Millimeter Waves in Tokamak Plasmas with Tearing Modes
In tokamak plasmas with a tearing mode, strong scattering of high power millimeter waves, as used for heating and noninductive current drive, is shown to occur. This new wave scattering phenomenon is shown to be related to the passage of the O point of a magnetic island through the high power heating beam. The density determines the detailed phasing of the scattered radiation relative to the O-point passage. The scattering power depends strongly nonlinearly on the heating beam power
Atomistic calculations of interface elastic properties in noncoherent metallic bilayers
The paper describes theoretical and computational studies associated with the interface elastic properties of noncoherent metallic bicrystals. Analytical forms of interface energy, interface stresses, and interface elastic constants are derived in terms of interatomic potential functions. Embedded-atom method potentials are then incorporated into the model to compute these excess thermodynamics variables, using energy minimization in a parallel computing environment. The proposed model is validated by calculating surface thermodynamic variables and comparing them with preexisting data. Next, the interface elastic properties of several fcc-fcc bicrystals are computed. The excess energies and stresses of interfaces are smaller than those on free surfaces of the same crystal orientations. In addition, no negative values of interface stresses are observed. Current results can be applied to various heterogeneous materials where interfaces assume a prominent role in the systems' mechanical behavior.open322
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