61 research outputs found
(Mis)Understandings of defence diplomacy as public diplomacy: Insights from three Spanish elites
Defence diplomacy and public diplomacy are two diplomatic practices often treated in the literature as two disconnected realms. While the former focuses on the peaceful and cooperative use of armed forces, the latter emphasizes on the advancement of strategic communication in the international policy of actors. However, it is possible to bridge the differences between the two using the concept of soft power. By doing so, defence public diplomacy can be understood as a set of practices developed by states seeking to influence and attract third states while employing military force within these parameters. This paper contributes firstly to the conceptual debate bridging both types of diplomacies. Secondly, it selects a case study, Spain, to examine the perceptions of three different Spanish elites involved in the formulation and implementation of defence public policy: politicians, the military and defence industry managers. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews, focus groups with experts, and manual content analysis of primary documentary sources. The results show that these elites agree on the importance of defence diplomacy for the achievement of state goals but continue to understand it fundamentally from a classical diplomatic prism. They also discuss the inclusion of new concepts, such as deterrence, as part of a defence public diplomacy
Portal Revascularization in the Setting of Cavernous Transformation Through a Paracholedocal Vein: A Case Report
Diffuse thrombosis of the entire portal system (PVT) and cavernomatous
transformation of the portal vein (CTPV) represents a demanding challenge in
liver transplantation. We present the case of a patient with nodular regenerative
hyperplasia and recurrent episodes of type B hepatic encephalopathy concomitant
with PVT as well as CTPV, successfully treated with orthotopic liver
transplantation. The portal inflow to the graft was carried out through the
confluence of 2 thin paracholedochal varicose veins, obtaining good early graft
function and recovery of the encephalopatic episodes. This alternative should be
kept in mind as an option to assure hepatopetal splanchnic flow in those cases of
diffuse thrombosis and cavernomatous transformation of portal vein.
CI - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Estudio de casos y controles entre anastomosis intra y extracorpórea en pacientes intervenidos de hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica
Introduction: There is still insufficient scientific evidence on which is the best technique to
perform the anastomosis -intracorporeal (IC) or extracorporeal (EC)- in right laparoscopic
hemicolectomy. The objective of the present study is to determine whether there are
differences to compare in both techniques.
Material and methods: A study was performed on a prospective patient series subjected to
right laparoscopic hemicolectomy in our Hospital. The preoperative and the postoperative
variables associated with complications recorded depending on the type of anastomosis.
Results: A total of 60 patients were intervened form June 2004 to June 2010 (35 IC; 25 EC).
There were no significant differences between both groups as regards baseline preoperative
characteristics or associated comorbidities. The median operation time was 212 minutes
(142-305 min), with no significant difference between both techniques. The number of
lymph nodes removed was higher in the IC group (21 versus 14; p = 0.03). The beginning
of oral tolerance and the first bowel movement were significantly earlier in the IC group. The
complications rate was similar for both groups (14% IC; 16% EC; p = 0.89). Three patients in
the IC group had anastomosis dehiscence. The mortality rate was 2.8% (one patient in each
group).
Conclusion: Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in right laparoscopic hemicolectomy
can obtain a higher number of resected lymph nodes and an earlier oral tolerance
and intestinal transit
The celiac axis compression syndrome (CACS): critical review in the laparoscopic era
The celiac axis compression syndrome (CACS) due to median
arcuate ligament (MAL) was first described by Harjola in 1963;
originating postpandrial abdominal pain, weight loss, epigastric
bruit and celiac axis stenosis > 75% in angiographic studies. This
clinical condition has been the origin of controversies about its
pathogenesis, diagnosis and its long term clinical results.
Advances in diagnostic imaging as 64 multidetector–row CT
(MDCT), 3-D reconstruction, magnetic resonance (MR) and color
duplex ultrasonography, provide better understanding of the syndrome
and allow to identify the best candidates for surgical division
of MAL fibers.
Since the introduction of laparoscopic approach, and also endovascular
procedures, in 2000, a new perspective has established
in this challenging syndrome. With the occasion of our own
experience, a critical review of the syndrome is presented
Preclinical development of a humanized chimeric antigen receptor against B-cell maturation antigen for multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a prevalent and incurable disease, despite the development of new and effective drugs. The recent development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)T cells has shown impressive results in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic B-cell malignancies. In recent years, B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has appeared as a promising antigen to target using a variety of immunotherapy treatments, including CART cells, for patients with multiple myeloma. To this end, we generated clinical-grade murine CART cells directed against BCMA, named ARI2m cells. Having demonstrated its efficacy, and in an attempt to avoid the immune rejection of CART cells by the patient, the single chain variable fragment was humanized, creating ARI2h cells. ARI2h cells showed comparable in vitro and in vivo efficacy to that of ARI2m cells, and superiority in cases of high tumor burden disease. In terms of inflammatory response, ARI2h cells produced less tumor necrosis factor-αand were associated with a milder in vivo toxicity profile. Large-scale expansion of both ARI2m and ARI2h cells was efficiently conducted following Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines, obtaining the target CART-cell dose required for treatment of multiple myeloma patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that soluble BCMA and BCMA released in vesicles both affect CAR-BCMA activity. In summary, this study sets the bases for the implementation of a clinical trial (EudraCT code: 2019-001472-11) to study the efficacy of ARI2h-cell treatment for patients with multiple myeloma
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and duodeno-jejunal adenocarcinoma-therapeutic implications
The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant hamartomatous poliposis describred in 1921. Hemminki in 1997 described the presence of LKB-1 mutation tumor-suppressor gen.The patients with PJS develop a higher cumulative incidence of gastrointestinal, pancreas and extraintestinal tumors, being occasion of a renew interest on hamartomatous polyposis syndromes regarding the clinical care, cancer surveillance treatment and long term follow-up.We report the case of a 38 years old male, diagnosed of PJS who developed a multiple adenocarcinoma in duodenum and yeyunum. Surgically treated and with a long-term free disease survival of 11 years represents the sixth case reported in the spanish literature of PJS associated with a gastrointestinal tumor.A critical review, molecular alterations and the established criteria of tumor screening and surveillance are reviewed
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas: clinico-pathologic results
Background: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
(IPMN) shows a series of lesions which evolve from benign lesions
–adenoma– to invasive carcinoma.
Aim: to analyze the clinical and pathological results of 15 patients
diagnosed of IPMN, and surgically treated according to the
guidelines of International Consensus Conference.
Material and methods: a retrospective analysis of 15 patients
surgically treated between March 1993 and September
2009, according to the International Consensus recommendation.
Demographic, diagnostic tools, surgical report, pathologic
database and actuarial survival were analyzed with a follow-up
from one and a half month through nine years.
Results: 6 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomies,
4 total pancreatectomies, 2 body or central pancreatectomies, 2 partial
pancreatectomies (enucleation) and 1 distal pancreatectomy.
A morbidity of 46 and 0% hospital mortality were assessed, with
a median length hospital stay of 10 days. In five cases, the IPMN
was combined type (both main and branch pancreatic ducts involved)
in four main duct-type and branch duct-type in the another
six as well. Several atypia (IPMN carcinoma in situ) was
observed in 2 patients and invasive carcinoma with negative
lymph nodes was identified in 3 patients. A patient without invasive
carcinoma died at 66 months of follow-up for pancreas adenocarcinoma.
The actuarial survival up to recurrence or death
was 105,133 months with a range of follow-up from 1 month
and a half until 9 years.
Conclusions: IPMN main duct or mixed type warrants complete
resection due to its incidence of invasive carcinoma or precursor
lesions of malignancy as well. Due to its multifocal pattern,
patients should be followed in long-term surveillance. The management
of asymptomatic IPMN type branch less than 3 cm is
controversial
Extracellular NK histones promote immune cell anti-tumor activity by inducing cell clusters through binding to CD138 receptor
Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are important anti-tumor cells of our innate immune system. Their anti-cancer activity is mediated through interaction of a wide array of activating and inhibitory receptors with their ligands on tumor cells. After activation, NK cells also secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to the final immune response by modulating other innate and adaptive immune cells. In this regard, external proteins from NK cell secretome and the mechanisms by which they mediate these responses are poorly defined. Methods: TRANS-stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (TRANS-SILAC) combined with proteomic was undertaken to identify early materials transferred between cord blood-derived NK cells (CB-NK) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Further in vitro and in vivo studies with knock-down of histones and CD138, overexpression of histones and addition of exogenous histones were undertaken to confirm TRANS-SILAC results and to determine functional roles of this material transferred. Results: We describe a novel mechanism by which histones are actively released by NK cells early after contact with MM cells. We show that extracellular histones bind to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan CD138 on the surface of MM cells to promote the creation of immune-tumor cell clusters bringing immune and MM cells into close proximity, and thus facilitating not only NK but also T lymphocyte anti-MM activity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a novel immunoregulatory role of NK cells against MM cells mediated by histones, and an additional role of NK cells modulating T lymphocytes activity that will open up new avenues to design future immunotherapy clinical strategies
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