Reinervación cardiaca tras trasplante cardiaco : valoración clínica, funcional e isotópica en el primer año tras trasplante

El trasplante cardiaco supone un estado de denervación cardiaca completa con implicaciones fisiológicas, clínicas y funcionales. En los últimos años, diversos grupos han demostrado mediante diversas técnicas la existencia de un fenómeno de reinervación cardiaca tras el trasplante que podría tener implicaciones funcionales. El presente trabajo doctoral pretende concretar la existencia de este fenómeno de reinervación durante los primeros doce meses tras la cirugía. Además, plantea un enfoque multidisciplinar para el estudio de la inervación cardiaca incluyendo herramientas de medicina nuclear, pruebas de esfuerzo, valoración de calidad de vida y parámetros electrocardiográficos relacionados con la inervación cardiaca. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que un tercio de los pacientes incluidos presenta datos de reinervación un año después del trasplante. Además, relacionan la existencia de inervación cardiaca post-trasplante con una mayor capacidad cronotrópica y de esfuerzo. En cuanto a los datos electrocardigráficos, los resultados objetivan un proceso de reinervación cardiaca tanto global con simpática sin evidencias de reinervación parasimpática. En conclusión, el presente estudio demuestra la existencia de reinervación cardiaca precoz tras trasplante cardiaco así como su relación un mejor evolución funcional

Validation of a double fed induction generator wind turbine model and wind farm verification following the Spanish grid code

Wind turbine manufacturers are required by transmission system operators for fault ride-through capability as the penetra-tion of wind energy in the electrical systems grows. For this reason, testing and modeling of wind turbines and wind farmsare required by the national grid codes to verify the fulfillment of this capability.Therefore, wind turbine models are required to simulate the evolution of voltage, current, reactive and active powerduring faults. The simulation results obtained from these wind turbine models are used for verification, validation and cer-tification against the real wind turbines measurement results, although evolution of electrical variables during the fault andits clearance is not easy to fulfill.The purpose of this paper is to show the different stages involved in the fulfillment of the procedure of operation forfault ride-through capability of the Spanish national grid code (PO 12.3) and the ‘procedure for verification, validation andcertification of the requirements of the PO 12.3 on the response of wind farms in the event of voltage dips’. The process hasbeen applied to a wind farm composed of Gamesa G52 wind turbines, and the results obtained are presented.The authors would like to thank GAMESA for the technical and financial support. The financial support provided by ‘Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha’ (PEII10-0171-1803) and ‘Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovación’ (ENE2009-13106) is gratefully acknowledged

Time course and predictors for neoaortic root dilatation and neoaortic valve regurgitation during adult life after arterial switch operation

[ES] Introducción y objetivos: Hay pocos datos sobre la evolución en adultos de la dilatación de la raíz neoaórtica (RAO) y la insuficiencia valvular neoaórtica (IA) tras la cirugía de switch arterial (SA) en la transposición de grandes arterias. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de 152 pacientes con transposición de grandes arterias, mayores de 15 años, intervenidos mediante SA y seguidos durante 4,9 ± 3,3 años en 2 centros de referencia. Se analizaron los cambios de diámetro de la RAO ajustados a superficie corporal y la progresión a grado moderado/grave de la IA con ecocardiografías seriadas. Se realizó un modelo de regresión de Cox para identificar factores predictores de progresión de la IA. Resultados: Inicialmente, 4 pacientes (2,6%) presentaban IA grave (3 habían precisado cirugía valvular) y 9 (5,9%) moderada. La RAO basal media era 20,05 ± 2,4 mm/m2, y al final del seguimiento, 20,73 ± 2,8 mm/m2 (p < 0,001), con un crecimiento medio de 0,14 (IC95%, 0,07-0,2) mm/m2/año. La IA progresó en 20 (13,5%) y 6 (4%) fueron intervenidos. La progresión de IA se asoció con válvula bicúspide, IA inicial, dilatación de la RAO inicial y crecimiento de la RAO. La válvula bicúspide (HR = 3,3; IC95%, 1,1-15,2; p = 0,037), la IA inicial (HR = 5,9; IC95%, 1,6-59,2; p = 0,006) y el crecimiento de la RAO (HR = 4,1; IC95%, 2-13,5; p = 0,023) resultaron predictores independientes. Conclusiones: La dilatación de la RAO y la IA progresan en el adulto joven intervenido mediante SA. La válvula bicúspide, la IA basal y el crecimiento de la RAO son predictores de progresión de IA.[EN] Introduction and objectives: There are limited data on the long-term development of neoaortic root dilatation (NRD) and neoaortic valve regurgitation (AR) after arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries during adult life. Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 152 patients older than 15 years who underwent ASO for transposition of the great arteries and who were followed-up for 4.9 ± 3.3 years in 2 referral centers. Sequential changes in body surface-adjusted aortic root dimensions and progression to moderate/severe AR were determined in patients with 2 or more echocardiographic examinations. Risk factors for dilatation were tested by Cox regression to identify predictors of AR progression. Results: At baseline, moderate AR was present in 9 patients (5.9%) and severe AR in 4 (2.6%), of whom 3 had required aortic valve surgery. Initially, the median neoaortic root dimension was 20.05 ± 2.4 mm/m2, which increased significantly to 20.73 ± 2.8 mm/m2 (P < .001) at the end of follow-up. The mean change over time was 0.14 mm/m2/y (95%CI, 0.07-0.2). Progressive AR was observed in 20 patients (13.5%) and 6 patients (4%) required aortic valve surgery. Progressive AR was associated with bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, NRD at baseline, and neoaortic root enlargement. Independent predictors were bicuspid valve (HR, 3.3; 95%CI, 1.1-15.2; P = .037), AR at baseline (HR, 5.9; 95%CI, 1.6-59.2; P = .006) and increase in NRD (HR, 4.1 95%CI, 2-13.5; P = .023). Conclusions: In adult life, NRD and AR progress over time after ASO. Predictors of progressive AR are bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, and increase in NRD

Aula itinerante de Patrimonio Cultural II

Memoria final del PIMCD UCM 2020/2021 número 31

Long-term Outcomes of Adults With Single Ventricle Physiology Not Undergoing Fontan Repair: A Multicentre Experience

[Background] To describe long-term survival and cardiovascular events in adult patients with single ventricle physiology (SVP) without Fontan palliation, focusing on predictors of mortality and comparing groups according to their cardiovascular physiology.[Methods] Multicentre observational and retrospective study including adult patients with SVP without Fontan palliation since their first adult clinic visit. The cohort was subdivided into 3 groups: Eisenmenger, restricted pulmonary flow, and aortopulmonary shunt. Death was considered as the main end point. Other clinical outcomes occurring during follow-up were considered as secondary end points.[Results] A total of 146 patients, mean age 32.5 ± 11.1 years, were analysed. Over a mean follow-up of 7.3 ± 4.1 years, 33 patients (22.6%) died. Survival was 86% and 74% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Right ventricular morphology was not associated with higher mortality. Four variables at baseline were related to a higher mortality: at least moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation, platelet count 120 ms). A total of 34.2% of patients were admitted to the hospital due to heart failure, and 7.5% received a heart transplant. Other cardiovascular outcomes were also frequent: atrial arrhythmias in 19.2%, stroke in 15.1%, and pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in 6.2%/2.7%.[Conclusions] Adult patients with SVP who had not undergone Fontan exhibit a high mortality rate and frequent major cardiovascular events. At least moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, and QRS duration > 120 ms at baseline visit allow identification of a cohort of patients at higher risk of mortality.[Objectif] Décrire la survie à long terme et les événements cardiovasculaires chez les patients adultes présentant une physiologie à ventricule unique (PVU) sans intervention de Fontan, en se concentrant sur les prédicteurs de mortalité et en comparant les groupes en fonction de leur physiologie cardiovasculaire.[Méthodes] Étude observationnelle et rétrospective, multicentrique, incluant des patients adultes atteints de PVU sans intervention de Fontan depuis leur première visite en clinique adulte. La cohorte a été subdivisée en trois groupes : syndrome d'Eisenmenger, flux pulmonaire restreint ou fenêtre aorto-pulmonaire. Le décès a été considéré comme le critère principal d'évaluation. Les autres observations cliniques survenues au cours du suivi ont été considérées comme des critères secondaires.[Résultats] Un total de 146 patients, d'un âge moyen de 32,5 ± 11,1 ans, a été considéré pour l’analyse. Sur un suivi moyen de 7,3 ± 4,1 ans, 33 patients (22,6 %) sont décédés. La survie était de 86 % et 74 % à 5 et 10 ans, respectivement. La morphologie du ventricule droit n'était pas associée à une mortalité plus élevée. Quatre variables initiales étaient liées à une mortalité plus élevée : régurgitation au moins modérée de la valve auriculo-ventriculaire, numération plaquettaire 120 ms). Au total, 34,2 % des patients ont été admis à l'hôpital en raison d'une insuffisance cardiaque, et 7,5 % ont reçu une transplantation cardiaque. D'autres conséquences cardiovasculaires étaient également fréquentes : arythmies auriculaires dans 19,2 % des cas, accident vasculaire cérébral dans 15,1 % des cas et stimulateur cardiaque/ défibrillateur cardioverteur implantable dans 6,2 % / 2,7 % des cas.[Conclusions] Les patients adultes atteints de PVU qui n'ont pas subi d'intervention de Fontan présentent un taux de mortalité élevé et des événements cardiovasculaires majeurs fréquents. Une régurgitation au moins modérée de la valve auriculo-ventriculaire, une thrombocytopénie, une dysfonction rénale et une durée du QRS > 120 ms lors de la visite initiale permettent de distinguer une cohorte de patients présentant un risque de mortalité plus élevé.Peer reviewe

Incidence and Risk Factors for Development of Cardiac Toxicity in Adult Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The incidence of cardiac morbimortality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not well known. We aim to estimate the cumulative incidence (CI) of cardiac events in AML patients and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. Among 571 newly diagnosed AML patients, 26 (4.6%) developed fatal cardiac events, and among 525 treated patients, 19 (3.6%) experienced fatal cardiac events (CI: 2% at 6 months; 6.7% at 9 years). Prior heart disease was associated with the development of fatal cardiac events (hazard ratio (HR) = 6.9). The CI of non-fatal cardiac events was 43.7% at 6 months and 56.9% at 9 years. Age ≥ 65 (HR = 2.2), relevant cardiac antecedents (HR = 1.4), and non-intensive chemotherapy (HR = 1.8) were associated with non-fatal cardiac events. The 9-year CI of grade 1–2 QTcF prolongation was 11.2%, grade 3 was 2.7%, and no patient had grade 4–5 events. The 9-year CI of grade 1–2 cardiac failure was 1.3%, grade 3–4 was 15%, and grade 5 was 2.1%; of grade 1–2, arrhythmia was 1.9%, grade 3–4 was 9.1%, and grade 5 was 1%. Among 285 intensive therapy patients, median overall survival decreased in those experiencing grade 3–4 cardiac events (p < 0.001). We observed a high incidence of cardiac toxicity associated with significant mortality in AML

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective