Handheld or head-mounted? An experimental comparison of the potential of augmented reality for animal phobia treatment using smartphone and HoloLens 2

Exposure therapy is an effective treatment for specific phobia that could be further enhanced through Augmented Reality, a novel technology that can facilitate implementation of gradual exposure and promote treatment acceptability. Effective exposure interventions require stimuli evoking high levels of anxiety. Therefore, it is important to ascertain whether animals can induce anxiety in distinct Augmented Reality modalities, such as Head-Mounted Displays and smartphones, which can differ in user experience and technological embodiment. This study compared the anxiety inducing potential and experienced realism of a spider within the HoloLens 2 Augmented Reality headset and an Augmented Reality smartphone application. Sixty-five participants were exposed to a virtual spider in a 5-step Behavioral Approach Task through both the HoloLens 2 head-mounted display and the PHOBOS Augmented Reality smartphone application. Participants reported Subjective Units of Distress at each step and physiological arousal was measured using heart rate and Skin Conductance. Results show that both technological modalities induced self-reported anxiety for spiders in a Behavioral Approach Task task in a non-clinical sample. The Hololens 2 modality was also related to an skin conductance (SC) increase. Perceived realism did not differ between modalities but was associated with increased anxiety in the HoloLens 2 modality. Findings demonstrate that both implemented modalities have potential for enabling Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy, although the role of experienced realism merits additional investigation. Future research should assess the effectiveness of Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy in clinical samples and assess whether new extended reality modalities, such as passthrough virtual reality, could accommodate observed limitations and improve Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy experiences and outcomes

Clinically relevant increases in serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in patients with Susac syndrome

Background and purpose: Serum levels of neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) are promising neuro-axonal damage and astrocytic activation biomarkers. Susac syndrome (SS) is an increasingly recognized neurological condition and biomarkers that can help assess and monitor disease evolution are highly needed for the adequate management of these patients. sNfL and sGFAP levels were evaluated in patients with SS and their clinical relevance in the relapse and remission phase of the disease was assessed. Methods: As part of a multicentre study that enrolled patients diagnosed with SS from six international centres, sNfL and sGFAP levels were assessed in 22 SS patients (nine during a relapse and 13 in remission) and 59 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using SimoaTM assay Neurology 2-Plex B Kit. Results: Serum NfL levels were higher than those of healthy controls (p < 0.001) in SS patients and in both subgroups of patients in relapse and in remission (p < 0.001 for both), with significantly higher levels in relapse than in remission (p = 0.008). sNfL levels showed a negative correlation with time from the last relapse (r = -0.663; p = 0.001). sGFAP levels were slightly higher in the whole group of patients than in healthy controls (p = 0.046) and were more pronounced in relapse than in remission (p = 0.013). Conclusion: In SS patients, both sNFL and sGFAP levels increased compared with healthy controls. Both biomarkers had higher levels during clinical relapse and much lower levels in remission. sNFL was shown to be time sensitive to clinical changes and can be useful to monitor neuro-axonal damage in SS

Central retinal artery occlusion and susac syndrome: A case report

Background: Susac syndrome is a rare disease attributed to microangiopathy involving the arterioles of the brain, retina, and cochlea. Understanding the pathogenesis is incomplete, but an immune-mediated process remains the leading hypothesis. Methods: Report of a single case of a previously healthy 22-year-old female patient showing the complete clinical triad. Results: Diagnosis of Susac syndrome in this patient was first questioned due to the atypical initial ophthalmologic presentation with central retinal artery occlusion. Multiple relapses occurred in the fellow eye during follow-up, showing the typical branch retinal artery occlusions, allowing definite diagnosis. Conclusion: Susac syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis when facing (young) patients with central retinal artery occlusion, especially in the presence of unexplained encephalopathy and/or sensorineural hearing loss. © 2014 by Ophthalmic Communications Society, Inc.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Usage of unguided, guided, and blended care for depression offered in routine clinical care: lessons learned

Introduction. Internet-delivered psychotherapy is often considered to be a promising way to extend mental healthcare services around the world. Research findings that have emerged over the past two decades have strengthened this claim. However, very little is known about the usage of internet-delivered psychotherapy in real-life circumstances. Methods. The current study explored the real-life usage of depressiehulp.be, a publicly available online platform for depression that offers pure self-help, online guided self-help, and blended treatment for depression in Flanders, Belgium, using data collected from 2656 participants between May 2018 and May 2022. Results. Both duration of engagement with the online platform and number of exercises completed increased with increasing levels of therapist guidance. Findings also showed a particular pattern of engagement for each of the online treatments. Overall, participants completed most exercises during the first days of treatment. However, participants using pure online self-help showed the fastest decrease of engagement over time, with most dropping out after completing a few exercises, and more than half of all participants who enrolled in the self-help programme did not even begin the programme. In both guided and blended treatment, participants tended to show higher levels of engagement with the online platform. In each treatment modality, a relatively small but notable group of participants showed high levels of engagement. There was no relationship between severity of depression and duration of engagement. Conclusions. The current study demonstrates the importance of therapist support in online interventions and offers additional insights into how, and to what extent, online platforms are used. Future research should explore clinical impact and policy implications

Usage of unguided, guided, and blended care for depression offered in routine clinical care: Lessons learned

Introduction: Internet-delivered psychotherapy is often considered to be a promising way to extend mental healthcare services around the world. Research findings that have emerged over the past two decades have strengthened this claim. However, very little is known about the usage of internet-delivered psychotherapy in real-life circumstances. Methods: The current study explored the real-life usage of depressiehulp.be, a publicly available online platform for depression that offers pure self-help, online guided self-help, and blended treatment for depression in Flanders, Belgium, using data collected from 2656 participants between May 2018 and May 2022. Results: Both duration of engagement with the online platform and number of exercises completed increased with increasing levels of therapist guidance. Findings also showed a particular pattern of engagement for each of the online treatments. Overall, participants completed most exercises during the first days of treatment. However, participants using pure online self-help showed the fastest decrease of engagement over time, with most dropping out after completing a few exercises, and more than half of all participants who enrolled in the self-help programme did not even begin the programme. In both guided and blended treatment, participants tended to show higher levels of engagement with the online platform. In each treatment modality, a relatively small but notable group of participants showed high levels of engagement. There was no relationship between severity of depression and duration of engagement. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates the importance of therapist support in online interventions and offers additional insights into how, and to what extent, online platforms are used. Future research should explore clinical impact and policy implications

Toward a Solid Acceptance of the Decentralized Web of Personal Data: Societal and Technological Convergence

Giving individuals more control of their personal data.SCOPUS: no.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

What can we learn from studying plastic debris in the Sea Scheldt estuary?

The Sea Scheldt estuary has been suggested to be a significant pathway for transfer of plastic debris to the North Sea. We have studied 12,801 plastic items that were collected in the Sea Scheldt estuary (Belgium) during 3 sampling cam-paigns (in spring, summer, and autumn) using a technique called anchor netting. The investigation results indicated that the abundance of plastic debris in the Scheldt River was on average 1.6 x 10-3 items per m3 with an average weight of 0.38 x 10-3 g per m3. Foils were the most abundant form, accounting for > 88 % of the samples, followed by fragments for 11 % of the samples and filaments, making up for < 1 % of the plastic debris. FTIR spectroscopy of 7 % of the total number of plastic debris items collected in the Sea Scheldt estuary (n = 883) revealed that polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) originating from disposable packaging materials were the most abun-dant types of polymers. A limited number of plastic debris items (n = 100) were selected for non-destructive screening of their mineral element composition using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (mu XRF). The corresponding results revealed that S, Ca, Si, P, Al, and Fe were the predominant mineral elements. These elements originate from flame re-tardants, mineral fillers, and commonly used catalysts for plastic production. Finally, machine learning algorithms were deployed to test a new concept for forensic identification of the different plastic entities based on the most impor-tant elements present using a limited subset of PP (n = 36) and PE (n = 35) plastic entities