Integrated payload and mission planning, phase 3. Volume 4: Optimum utilization of Spacelab racks and pallets

The methodology to optimize the utilization of Spacelab racks and pallets and to apply this methodology to the early STS Spacelab missions was developed. A review was made of Spacelab Program requirements and flow plans, generic flow plans for racks and pallets were examined, and the principal optimization criteria and methodology were established. Interactions between schedule, inventory, and key optimization factors; schedule and cost sensitivity to optional approaches; and the development of tradeoff methodology were addressed. This methodology was then applied to early spacelab missions (1980-1982). Rack and pallet requirements and duty cycles were defined, a utilization assessment was made, and several trade studies performed involving varying degrees of Level IV integration, inventory level, and shared versus dedicated Spacelab racks and pallets

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengatur Sirkulasi Air Berdasarkan pH dan Temperatur Air pada Kolam Ikan Gurami Berbasis Arduino

Penelitian ini membahas tentang permasalahan utama bagi petani ikan gurami yaitu bagaimana meningkatkan efektivitas usaha agar bisa berimbas pada peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. Diantaranya meliputi masalah pemberian pakan dan sistem irigasi kolam. Ikan selalu membutuhkan pergantian sirkulasi air dengan memanfaatkan air sumber dari tanah, hal ini dilakukan untuk menjaga agar kondisi air kolam tetap kondusif. Jika pemilik kolam tidak teratur mengurus kolamnya maka pertumbuhan dan kesehatan ikan dapat terhambat. Sebagai solusi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan alat yang dapat mengotomatisasi sistem pengatur sirkulasi air, yang dapat berjalan secara rutin dan terjadwal serta dapat bekerja berdasarkan kondisi pH dan temperatur air. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terciptanya sebuah alat pengatur sirkulasi air pada kolam ikan gurami untuk membantu menyelesaikan beberapa masalah pada pembudidayaan ikan. Sehingga pembudida-yaan menjadi lebih efisien dan para petani ikan menjadi lebih sejahtera, serta dapat membantu meningkatkan produksi pangan nasional. ============================================================================ This research is discusses about the main issues for gourami fish farmers that is how to enhance the effectiveness of efforts to increase farmer welfare promoted. Among them include feeding problems and irrigation system of ponds. The fish is always in need of turn of the water circulation by utilizing water resources from land, this is done to keep the pond water conditions remain conducive. If the owner of the pond is not regularly take care of their pond then the growth and health of fish can be hampered. As a solution the problem, needed tools that can automate the water circulation control system, which be work regularly, scheduled and can work based on conditions of pH and water temperature. The results of this research is the creation of prototype of water circulation system in the gourami fish pond to help resolve some of the problems in the cultivation of fish. So gourami fish farming becomes more efficient and fish farmers become more prosperous, and can help boost national food production

Beliefs about Racism and Health among African American Women with Diabetes: A Qualitative Study

Exposure to racism has been linked to poor health outcomes. Little is known about the impact of racism on diabetes outcomes. This study explored African American (AA) women’s beliefs about how racism interacts with their diabetes self-management and control. Four focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of 28 adult AA women with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from a larger quantitative study on racism and diabetes. The focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the authors. Women reported that exposure to racism was a common phenomenon, and their beliefs did in fact link racism to poor health. Specifically, women reported that exposure to racism caused physiological arousal including cardiovascular and metabolic perturbations. There was consensus that physiological arousal was generally detrimental to health. Women also described limited, and in some cases maladaptive, strategies to cope with racist events including eating unhealthy food choices and portions. There was consensus that the subjective nature of perceiving racism and accompanying social prohibitions often made it impossible to address racism directly. Many women described anger in such situations, and the tendency to internalize anger and other negative emotions, only to find that the negative emotions would be reactivated repeatedly with exposure to novel racial stressors, even long after the original racist event remitted. AA women in this study believed that racism affects their diabetes self-management and control. Health beliefs can exert powerful effects on health behaviors andmay provide an opportunity for health promotion interventions in diabetes

Analysis of various pathological changes found in x- ray pictures of phalanges of horses in Lithuania

Today, horses are mainly used in commercial activities, entertainment and sports. Although the horse finger region occupies a relatively small part of the whole leg, but topographically and anatomically this is an area conducive to mechanical trauma. One of the most usefull method used to determine pathology in horses limbs is x-ray examination. Which is relatively cheep and easy to perform even in the stables where horses are kept without bringing them to specilised clinincs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the X-ray pictures made during the 2010 - 2012 years. And to study pathologies found in finger area of horses in these pictures. We have summarized the data on the factors that affect the horse finger diseases found in X-rays in accordance to pathological processes. Set a frequency of horses finger diseases on the basis of the pathology found in X-ray pictures. We have analyzed and related horses age, breed and gender with pathological processes found in horses finger area. We have linked lameness in horses with X-rays, in which pathological changes were invisible or visible in the finger area. In contrast, with the X-rays, in which pathological changes were visible and horses were not lame. In total 638 X-ray pictures of 144 horses were analyzed during the study in accordance of different age, sex and breed. The X-rays of 69 horses (48%) were analyzed to determine pathological changes in the finger area, the remaining 75 horses (52%) were identified as healthy. Out of 144 horses as much as 96 were investigated routinely (67%), ie request of the owner, usually before selling the horse. Another 48 horses (33%) were examined to confirm or to deny the disease. X-rays of finger were examined in 36 female horses (mares) (25%) and 108 males (stallions and geldings) (75%). Factors affecting the horse's finger diseases found in X-ray in accordance with the pathological processes were inheritance, sex, age, and horse function. The most common pathology of the finger disease found in X-ray pictures were a horse finger periosteal inflammation (16 horses, 11% of the test population), osteochondritis disecans (29 horses, 20% of the test population), laminitis (6 horses, 4% of the population studied), ungulates cartilage ossification (13 horses, 9% of the study population) and frog bone syndrome (5 horses, only 3% of the population studied)

The Atlas V Aft Bulkhead Carrier - Requirements for the Small Satellite Designer

United Launch Alliance (ULA) developed the Aft Bulkhead Carrier (ABC) system for mounting small satellites onto the Atlas V launch vehicle. Payloads with a maximum mass of 176 lbs and volume of 20 x 20 x 34 in. are viable candidates to fly. ULA has already built flight hardware and is preparing a User’s Guide to document the technical interface information required by spacecraft designers. When working with the rideshare community, primary payload mission managers expect the small satellite programs to meet high standards for requirements, management, and closeout during integration on their mission. Successful integration of small satellites onto the ABC takes place following a disciplined approach to meeting and verifying mission requirements. It is vital that the community comprehend what these requirements are and follow an established process to meet them. By doing so, access to orbit can be reliably achieved for small satellites via the ABC. Failed integration efforts cost time, money, and customer good will. This paper summarizes the ABC system and progress of the development to date. Additionally, it provides a summary of the ABC User’s Guide, identifying the generic requirements any payload must meet to successfully launch. Additional insight is presented as to the type of verifications needed, their expected quality, and timing during the integration schedule. A case study on the integration of the ADAMSAT payload is reviewed, providing a real-life example of lessons learned from the attempt to integrate this Cubesat Dispensing system to the ABC/ Atlas V

Relationship Between Mood Disorders and Working Memory

Relationship Between Mood Disorders and Working Memory Caed Budris, Madeline Ann Rech, Salahadin Lotfi, Hanjoo Lee Mood Disorders such as anxiety and depression have been demonstrated to greatly impair cognitive function. A significant deficit in Working Memory capacity (WMC), as a fundamental component of cognitive functioning, has been linked to mood disorders. As part of a bigger study, this experiment examined the relationship between Mood Diagnoses and WMC (N= 57) through self-report questionnaires (DASS21 and Rumination Response Scale) and a Visual Working Memory task (VWM). In this task (Neutral version), trials are presented with two stimulus arrays: a memory array and a test array. Oriented colored rectangles as memory arrays are randomly presented across a short retention period. Participants attempt to remember the locations of arrays and recall the orientations by responding if there is a change or not. While a significant negative correlation was found between VWM and Mood Diagnosis, r(57) = -.28, p \u3c .035, there was a significant positive correlation between VWM and Rumination, r(57) = .283, p \u3c .033. Consistent with previous studies, our result confirms the link between cognitive impairments and mood disorders. The relationship between Rumination and WMC disagrees with current research that has shown cognitive impairments in people with excessive ruminations. A possible explanation for this comes from research that shows rumination largely comes from the inability to switch between information of emotional value and information of un-emotional value. Our VWM task was not sensitive to capture emotional information and didn’t require task switching. However, the emergent positive correlation between rumination and WMC may indicate individuals with larger WMC tend to use available WM resources to ruminate, resulting in excessive emotional distress. Futures studies could be designed with sensitive components to emotional value to further shed light on the association between rumination and WMC

Shortcomings Of Using Pump Suction Specific Speed Alone To Avoid Suction Recirculation Problems

Lecturepg. 91There is a mistaken belief in the pump industry (fueled by many publications) that the best way to avoid suction recirculation problems is to design and/or apply only pumps having low suction specific speed values (below 8,500 to 11,000). Attempts are made to correct this overly simplified treatment of a complex problem, which if used alone, can still lead to field problems, or, unnecessary and expensive over design. A more accurate, but still simple, method is presented as an alternative for identifying pumps which may be susceptible to suction recirculation problems (damage) during reduced capacity operation. Pump type, impeller inlet tip speed, impeller vane overlap and fluid specific gravity have been added to pump suction specific speed to greatly improve the prediction process

The Atlas V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update – Past Missions, Upcoming Launches and Future Improvements

The Aft Bulkhead Carrier has been the primary tool of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) to launch auxiliary payloads since 2012. There have been three successful launches to date putting 35 CubeSats on orbit and paving the way for three new missions. The success of these missions is due in large part to the disciplined approach by United Launch Alliance to meet mission requirements and reduce risk to the primary mission with the “do-noharm” philosophy. There have also been many lessons learned from the previous missions which have led to improvements and enhancements to future missions and giving access to even more small satellites

Effects Of Entrained Air, NPSH Margin, And Suction Piping On Cavitation In Centrifugal Pumps

Lecturepg. 99Explanations and guidelines for the phenomena of cavitation noise above the NPSHR of a pump are presented, backed by laboratory and field tests. The hydraulic Institute Concepts of low, and very high suction energy, and NPSH margin are explained and related to cavitation noise and suction pressure pulsations. Cavitation is shown to exist above the NPSHR of a centrifugal pump, and be related to the suction energy level. High suction energy pumps above a certain threshold, with low NPSH margins, can produce severe cavitation noise, especially at reduced flowrates. Test results on an end suction pump also demonstrate the interaction between the air content in the water and cavitation noise within the pump, over varying NPSH margin ratios, flowrate, and speed (energy level). A small amount of air is shown to dramatically reduce the suction pressure pulsation levels. Further, suction pressure pulsation levels are seen to increase as the NPSH margin is reduced, until dissolved air begins to come out of solution and reverse the trend. Finally, test results show the negative effects of piping elbows close to the pump inlet on cavitation noise, especially with high suction energy levels