Basic Concepts Algorithm and Three Dimensional Image Processing

Algorithm development of three-dimensional process itself, of course, is the most important thing that should always be considered. Given that the processes that occur within a three-dimensional graph is not a simple process, further errors in the determination or selection of a three-dimensional algorithm to perform a specific job can result in swelling of the use of processing time or even cause the error output of three-dimensional graphics that are not expected. Understanding of basic concepts and algorithms used in the techniques of three-dimensional graphics processing plays a very important as a guide to choosing the appropriate algorithm in a specific three-dimensional process. Share kinds of algorithms have been developed and therefore the selection of an appropriate algorithm for a particular issue a great effect on the performance of a system of three- dimensional graphics. It is expected that with the writing of this it can be helpful in determining an algorithm for a particular process, and it is possible to develop other algorithms are more effective and efficient

Robert M. Ricketts and Rudolf Slavicek: dentistry by the rules of nature

The stomatognathic structures act as a complex and integrated system, thereby accomplishing several essential functions of the body. Aside from participating in food digestion, they are key for respiration and swallowing and play a central role in social interaction and stress management. The lifeworks of Robert M. Ricketts (1920–2003), an American orthodontist, and Rudolf Slavicek (1928–2022), an Austrian prosthodontist, were centered on this understanding. Both were educated in the time of gnathology, functional dentistry, and cephalometry and were ready to challenge conventional knowledge and traditions, leading toward innovation. As untiring clinicians, researchers, and mentors, they were fully invested in the study of the stomatognathic system, considering its morphology, dynamics, growth patterns, evolution, and interactions with the body and mind. Based on their extensive knowledge of the masticatory system, they advanced dentistry both with theoretical notions and by implementing new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts, thus reinforcing the idea of dentistry as a medical discipline requiring interdisciplinary effort. Their heritage is represented by numerous publications, discoveries, and inventions that inspire the dental community to follow their exemplary approach to the individualized care of patients. Their knowledge and passion are further passed on through their students. As part of their legacy, they prepared the ground for new research aimed at fostering advancements in occlusion medicine, hence supporting education in oral health

A Removable Class III Traction Appliance for Early Class III Treatment

Maxillary, mandibular, and dental effects resulting from the use of a removable intraoral Class III traction appliance as well as the protraction facemask in treatment of Class III malocclusion were assessed. This is a retrospective study comparing measurements from pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of two groups. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients treated with rapid palatal expansion followed by a removable intraoral Class III traction appliance. Group 2 consisted of 25 patients treated with rapid palatal expansion followed by a protraction facemask. The subjects were Caucasian, both male and female, with an age range of 3 to 12 years. The only significant differences were in length of treatment time and the skeletal change of angle SNA. The mean treatment times were 6.96 months and 10.96 months in the removable Class III traction appliance and protraction facemask groups, respectively. The mean increase in SNA was 0.46 degrees in the removable Class III traction appliance group and 1.81 degrees in the protraction facemask group. A removable Class III traction appliance provides orthodontists with another useful Class III treatment modality

Studi Perilaku Jalak Bali (Leucopsar rothschildi) pada Kandang Breeding di Kebun Binatang Surabaya

Bali starlings (Leucopsar rothschildi), is currently heading for extinction, the situation was mainly due to overfishing to supply the needs of trade, illegal arrests, and causes rapid loss of forest habitat is shrinking and threatened with extinction within a short time. Most zoos around the world run the Bali starlings breeding program, this is done to prevent extinction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of Bali starlings couples on breeding cages. Observation by using 7 pairs in cages 1B 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B and 8B. The results showed that there were identified 16 daily activities, and can be classified into four main behaviors, namely motionless behavior, movement, breeding and ingested. Motionless behaviour include rest, stationary, sunbathing. The activities of movements were going throught certain activities, walking, climb, visiting, flying, mopping up and speak out. The breeding behaviour is to make a nest, lay eggs and incubate the eggs. The ingested behavior is eating, drinking, defecation and urination. The analysis showed that frequency averages the movement’s behaviour 7421 time/tides with activities average 371,05 times/tides/day, whereas average relative frequency 14,48%. Frequency averages motionless behaviour around 39724 time/tides with activities average 1986,2 times/tides/day, whereas average relative frequency 77,48%. Frequency averages behaviour of bird breeding are 1141,71 time/tides with activities average 57,09 times/tides/day, whereas average relative frequency 2,23%. Frequency averages ingested behaviour 2976,85 time/tides with activities average 148,85 times/tides/day, whereas average relative frequency 5,8%. Keywords: Behavior, Bali starlings, activity, couples, frequenc

Morphology of surface ultrastructure of Duthiersia expansa (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) from water lizards (Varanus salvator) from Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Duthiersia expansa (D.expansa) is a cestoda of the family Diphyllobothriidae which is often found in the gut of water lizards (Varanus salvator). D. expansa worm infection is generally chronic and shows no obvious clinical symptoms but can cause weight loss, edema, ulceration of the intestinal mucosa to death. Although there have been no reports of D. expansa worm infections in humans, all types of animals have the potential to transmit diseases to humans both directly and indirectly. The present study being the first to describe morphology of surface ultrastructure of D. expansa using scanning electron microscopy in sidoarjo, indonesia, managed to compliment and verify the taxonomic valid characteristics of D.expansa as Asian Duthiersia form. Samples are collected by making incisions in the duodenum to the ileum. Sample preparation was carried out at the Airlangga University Medical School. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was carried out at the Central Institute of Life Sciences Universitas Brawijaya. The results of scanning electron microscope examination show that fan-shaped worm scoleks, bothria in the lateral scolex, existence of posterior pores in scolecs, crasspedot-shaped strobila with uterine pore and different forms of microtriches in tegument of the skoleks and strobil

The reliability of three-dimensional computer-generated linear and angular cephalometric measurements.

The reliability of three-dimensional computer-generated linear and angular cephalometric measurements

BASIC CONCEPTS ALGORITHM AND THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Algorithm development of three-dimensional process itself, of course, is the most important thing that should always be considered. Given that the processes that occur within a three-dimensional graph is not a simple process, further errors in the determination or selection of a three-dimensional algorithm to perform a specific job can result in swelling of the use of processing time or even cause the error output of three-dimensional graphics that are not expected. Understanding of basic concepts and algorithms used in the techniques of three-dimensional graphics processing plays a very important as a guide to choosing the appropriate algorithm in a specific three-dimensional process. Share kinds of algorithms have been developed and therefore the selection of an appropriate algorithm for a particular issue a great effect on the performance of a system of three- dimensional graphics. It is expected that with the writing of this it can be helpful in determining an algorithm for a particular process, and it is possible to develop other algorithms are more effective and efficient

Influence of attachments and interproximal reduction on the accuracy of canine rotation with Invisalign - A prospective clinical study.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of attachments and interproximal reduction on canines undergoing rotational movement with Invisalign. Materials and Methods: In this prospective clinical study, 53 canines (33 maxillary and 20 mandibular) were measured from the virtual TREAT models of 31 participants treated with anterior Invisalign. The pretreatment virtual model of the predicted final tooth position was superimposed on the posttreatment virtual model using ToothMeasure, Invisalign's proprietary measurement software. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P <.05) compared three treatment modalities: attachments only (AO), interproximal reduction only (IO), and neither attachments nor interproximal reduction (N). Student's Mests (P <.05) compared the mean accuracy of canine rotation between arches. Results: The mean accuracy of canine rotation with Invisalign was 35.8% (SD = 26.3). Statistical analyses indicated that there was no significant difference in accuracy between groups AO, IO, and N (P = .343). There was no statistically significant difference (P = .888) in rotational accuracy for maxillary and mandibular canines for any of the treatment groups. The most commonly prescribed attachment shape was the vertical-ellipsoid (70.5%). Conclusions: Vertical-ellipsoid attachments and interproximal reduction do not significantly improve the accuracy of canine rotation with the Invisalign system