Three Stage Bleaching of Recycled Fibers Containing 30% Groundwood

A three stage bleaching sequence for a mixture of recycled chemical and groundwood fibers was investigated for maximum brightness increase. The three stages consisted of a reducing or color stripping stage, an oxidizing stage, and last a mild alkaline extraction. The variables in this thesis and pH conditions in each stage and bleaching agent concentrations of each stage. At more alkaline pH\u27s and higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide there was the greatest increase in brightness. The was no observed effect of altering the concentration of the reducing agent

System-Size Effects on the Collective Dynamics of Cell Populations with Global Coupling

Phase-transitionlike behavior is found to occur in globally coupled systems of finite number of elements, and its theoretical explanation is provided. The system studied is a population of globally pulse-coupled integrate-and-fire cells subject to small additive noise. As the population size is changed, the system shows a phase-transitionlike behavior. That is, there exits a well-defined critical system size above which the system stays in a monostable state with high-frequency activity while below which a new phase characterized by alternation of high- and low frequency activities appears. The mean field motion obeys a stochastic process with state-dependent noise, and the above phenomenon can be interpreted as a noise-induced transition characteristic to such processes. Coexistence of high- and low frequency activities observed in finite size systems is reported by N. Cohen, Y. Soen and E. Braun[Physica A249, 600 (1998)] in the experiments of cultivated heart cells. The present report gives the first qualitative interpretation of their experimental results

Water Quality Control and Management of Animal Wastes Through Culture with Selected Fishes

Research Report 151, Final Report, Project A-083-ILL, Agreement No. 14-34-001-8015Report issued on: April 1980Submitted to unspecified recipien

Bryophytes of Uganda : 5., Bryocrumia L.E.Anderson (Hypnaceae) ; a monotypic moss genus new to Africa

A number of collections from Africa identified as Phyllodon scutellifolius or Glossadelphus serpyllifolius belong to Bryocrumia vivicolor, previously known only from America and Asia. Phyllodon scutellifolius is known only from one (possibly two) collections from Madagascar, and Glossadelphus serpyllifolius is a synonym of Bryocrumia vivicolor

Class invariants for certain non-holomorphic modular functions

Inspired by prior work of Bruinier and Ono and Mertens and Rolen, we study class polynomials for non-holomorphic modular functions arising from modular forms of negative weight. In particular, we give general conditions for the irreducibility of class polynomials. This allows us to easily generate infintely many new class invariants

Determination of the number of atoms trapped in an optical cavity

The number of atoms trapped within the mode of an optical cavity is determined in real time by monitoring the transmission of a weak probe beam. Continuous observation of atom number is accomplished in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and functions in concert with a cooling scheme for radial atomic motion. The probe transmission exhibits sudden steps from one plateau to the next in response to the time evolution of the intracavity atom number, from Ngreater than or equal to 3 to N=2-->1-->0 atoms, with some trapping events lasting over 1 s

Cavity QED "By The Numbers"

The number of atoms trapped within the mode of an optical cavity is determined in real time by monitoring the transmission of a weak probe beam. Continuous observation of atom number is accomplished in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and functions in concert with a cooling scheme for radial atomic motion. The probe transmission exhibits sudden steps from one plateau to the next in response to the time evolution of the intracavity atom number, from N >= 3 to N = 2 to 1 to 0, with some trapping events lasting over 1 second.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Comparison of acoustic and strain gauge techniques for crack closure measurements

A quantitative study on the systems performances of the COD gauge and the acoustic transmission techniques to elastic deformation of part-through crack and compact tension specimens has been conducted. It is shown that the two instruments measure two completely different quantities: The COD gauge yields information on the length change of the specimen whereas the acoustic technique is sensitive directly to the amount of contract area between two surfaces, interfering with the acoustic signal. In another series of experiments, compression tests on parts with specifically prepared surfaces were performed so that the surface contact area could be correlated with the transmitted acoustic signal, as well as the acoustic with the COD gauge signal. A linear relation between contact area and COD gauge signal was obtained until full contact had been established

Automorphic Green functions on Hilbert modular surfaces

In this paper, we generalize results of Bruinier on automorphic Green functions on Hilbert modular surfaces to arbitrary ideals. For instance, we compute the Fourier expansion of the unregularized Green functions, use it to regularize them, obtain the Fourier expansion of the regularized Green functions and evaluate integrals of unregularized and regularized Green functions. Furthermore, we investigate their growth behavior at the cusps in the Hirzebruch compactification by computing the precise vanishing orders along the exceptional divisors. This makes the arithmetic Hirzebruch-Zagier theorem from Bruinier, Burgos Gil and K\"uhn more explicit. To this end, we generalize the theory of local Borcherds products. Lastly, we investigate a new decomposition of the Green functions into smooth functions and compute and estimate the Fourier coefficients of those smooth functions. Finally, this is employed to prove the well-definedness and almost everywhere convergence of the generating series of the Green functions and the modularity of its integral.Comment: 36 pages; mostly results from the author's dissertatio

Elliptic Eisenstein series associated to ideals in real quadratic number fields

In this paper, we compute for odd fundamental discriminants $D>1$ the Fourier expansion of non-holomorphic elliptic Eisenstein series for $\Gamma_0(D)$ with quadratic nebentypus character $\chi_D$ satisfying a certain plus space condition. For each genus of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})$, we obtain an associated plus space condition and corresponding Eisenstein series in all positive even weights. In weight $k=2$, the Fourier coefficients are associated to the geometry of Hirzebruch--Zagier divisors on Hilbert modular surfaces.Comment: 12 page