Tree Stands and Their Productivity Dynamics at the Upper Growing Limit in Khibiny on the Background of Modern Climate Changes

Within the ecotone of the upper limit of woody vegetation on the southeastern macroslope of the Khibiny Mountain ridge (Kola Peninsula), the spatial and age structure, as well as features of the phytomass accumulation of spruce–birch stands, were studied. Analysis revealed that there was a manifold increase in the density and productivity of forest stands in the last century, and the upper border of the woodlands and dense forests has moved considerably higher into the mountains. All of this happened against the background of an increase in early summer temperatures and a longer growing season in the area in the 20th century. Our data will help simulate the response of mountain ecosystems in the region to future climate change. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Epigenetic mechanisms of TNFα activation in patients with cancer endometry

An important aspect of the management of patients with endometrial cancer (ER) is the timely identification of risk groups, early signs of the onset and recurrence of the disease. There is an active search for new markers for early diagnosis, detection of relapses and postoperative monitoring of RE. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of various forms of cancer, as well as associated with chronic inflammation, obesity. The goal is to study the methylation of the TNFa gene in the OM and the possibility of using it as a marker for forecasting, monitoring, and the risk of developing the OM. Materials and methods. DNA methylation was determined by the method of pyrosequencing in endometrial specimens taken from 10 patients with verified endometrial hyperplasia and 13 patients with RE when performing hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy or endometrial curettage. Results and discussion. The total degree of methylation of the TNFα gene DNA promoter in the samples under study in patients with simple and / or complex nonatypical endometrial hyperplasia was 62.6 ± 12.8% and was higher than in RE patients (34.7 ± 8.8%). Findings. The results of the study showed the involvement of the epigenetic mechanism, which is associated with hypomethylation of the TNFα gene promoter, which can lead to the activation of the TNFα gene in RE. Determining the amount of methylation DNA promoter of the TNFα gene can be used as a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker for ER

Hypermethylation of TUSC5 genes in breast cancer tissue

Aim: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common forms of cancer amongst females. Early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy plays crucial role in the survival of patients with breast cancer. The study was aimed on identification of potential markers for early BC diagnostics by means of genome-wide comparative analysis of gene expression in cancer and normal tissue of breast. Methods: The analysis of gene expression in 15 invasive adenocarcinoma specimens and 15 normal breast tissue was conducted using the full-genome microarrays Sentrix HumanWD-6V3 BeadChip (Illumina). Methylation of TP53INK1 and TUSС5 promoters was interrogated by the combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). Results: Analysis of gene expression in the samples of breast adenocarcinoma revealed abnormal expression of more than 2,300 genes. While genes TFF1, S100P, ERBB2, TOP2A, CDF15, HOOK1, DNAJC12, CORO2A were up-regulated in cancer, decreased expression was found for genes TUSC5, SFRP1, PPPQR1B, NTRK4, TIMP4, BARD1, AKR1C2, TP53INK1 and others. Analysis of DNA methylation of TUSC5 by COBRA revealed higher levels of exon 1 methylation (11/12) in samples of breast cancer, whereas the gene was essentially unmethylated in matched normal appearing tissue of breast (2/12). TP53INK1 gene was methylated neither in cancer nor in normalcy. Conclusion: A total of 149 genes exhibited the highest difference in expression in cancer versus normal appearing tissue of breast. Most prominent down-regulated candidates, TUSC5 and TP53INK1, were reported for the first time in breast cancer and may be considered as potential markers of the disease. Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of TUSC5 suggests epigenetic mechanism of cancer associated down-regulation

Hypermethylation of TUSC5 genes in breast cancer tissue.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common forms of cancer amongst females. Early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy plays crucial role in the survival of patients with breast cancer. The study was aimed on identification of potential markers for early BC diagnostics by means of genome-wide comparative analysis of gene expression in cancer and normal tissue of breast. The analysis of gene expression in 15 invasive adenocarcinoma specimens and 15 normal breast tissue was conducted using the full-genome microarrays Sentrix HumanWD-6V3 BeadChip (Illumina). Methylation of TP53INK1 and TUSС5 promoters was interrogated by the combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). Results: Analysis of gene expression in the samples of breast adenocarcinoma revealed abnormal expression of more than 2,300 genes. While genes TFF1, S100P, ERBB2, TOP2A, CDF15, HOOK1, DNAJC12, CORO2A were up-regulated in cancer, decreased expression was found for genes TUSC5, SFRP1, PPPQR1B, NTRK4, TIMP4, BARD1, AKR1C2, TP53INK1 and others. Analysis of DNA methylation of TUSC5 by COBRA revealed higher levels of exon 1 methylation (11/12) in samples of breast cancer, whereas the gene was essentially unmethylated in matched normal appearing tissue of breast (2/12). TP53INK1 gene was methylated neither in cancer nor in normalcy. Conclusion: A total of 149 genes exhibited the highest difference in expression in cancer versus normal appearing tissue of breast. Most prominent down-regulated candidates, TUSC5 and TP53INK1, were reported for the first time in breast cancer and may be considered as potential markers of the disease. Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of TUSC5 suggests epigenetic mechanism of cancer associated down-regulation. Key Words: differentially expressed genes, DNA methylation, breast cancer

Model for testing sucker-rod pumping unit operation control algorithms in Simscape Multibody package

The article discloses the basic steps of creating a model of the sucker-rod pumping unit (SRPU) using Simscape Multibody library of MATLAB Simulink software package. The model is used for the development of different algorithms for controlling, monitoring and diagnosing operation of the individual assemblies and the whole mechanism, which are included in the software of the SRPU control station. Some issues of using Multibody library blocks, necessary for complete accounting of pumpjack design features and most accurately reflect the real object properties in the model were discussed. The explanation given for use of instrumentation capabilities for data collection and analysis of the mechanism. Inferences are prospected of practical use of the results obtained in model of SRPU, as well as the further course of the development of this product.Статья раскрывает основные этапы создания модели штанговой глубинной насосной установки (ШГНУ) с использованием библиотеки Simscape Multibody из программного пакета MATLAB Simulink. Модель служит для разработки различных алгоритмов управления, контроля и диагностики работы отдельных агрегатов и механизма в целом, которые входят в состав программного обеспечения станции управления ШГНУ. Подробно раскрыты вопросы использования блоков библиотеки Multibody, необходимых для наиболее полного учета особенностей конструкции станка-качалки и наиболее точного отражения в модели свойств реального объекта. Даны пояснения по поводу использования возможностей полученного инструментария для сбора и анализа данных исследуемого механизма. Приведены выводы о перспективах практического использования результатов, полученных на модели ШГНУ, а также о дальнейшем ходе разработки данного продукта

Sucker-rod pumping units equipment diagnosing facilities

В статье приводятся общие сведения о появлении и применении установок штанговых глубинных насосов (УШГН), и дано описание конструкции такой установки, оснащенной станком-качалкой. Рассмотрены два основных способа для диагностики таких установок: динамометрирование и ваттметрирование. Представлены принципы построения диаграмм и необходимые для этого датчики. Описаны устаревшая и современная реализация динамометрической системы (динамографа). Приведен перечень необходимых для поиска неисправностей параметров, которые можно получить как с использованием динамограммы, так и ваттметрограммы. Сделан вывод о направлении дальнейших исследований в данной области.The common information about appearance and application of the sucker-rod pumping units (SRPU) is presented in this paper, and the pumpjack structure description is given. The two main ways of the unit diagnostics - dynamometry and wattmetry are considered. The approaches for dynamometer card building and necessary sensors are submitted. Stale and modern implementation of the dynamometric system (dynamograph) are depicted. List of essential parameters for a fault search by dint of dynamometer and wattmeter cards is set. The conclusion about a further research direction in this field is made

Эколого-экономические показатели систем очистки газовых выбросов от сернистого ангидрида

Environmental and economic indicators of different methods of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions treatment have been considered. It have been shown that the lime and limestone methods and electron-beam method have the lowest cost for treating of 1000 m³. But the electron-beam method is also capable to treat sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO) emissions at once.Рассмотрены эколого-экономические показатели различных способов очистки газовых выбросов, содержащих сернистый ангидрит (ЅO2). Показано, что наименьшие затраты на очистку 1000 м3 имеют известковый и известняковый, а также электронно-лучевой методы. Однако электронно-лучевой метод позволяет одновременно производить очистку дымовых газов сразу от ЅO2 и NOх