A Case-Based Reasoning Approach to Bankruptcy Prediction Modeling.

This study examines the usefulness of an artificial intelligence method, case-based reasoning (CBR), in predicting corporate bankruptcy. Based on prior research, CBR is believed to be a viable method of predicting bankruptcy. Hypotheses are developed to test the usefulness of a CBR system and to compare the accuracy of such a system to the model considered to be the benchmark model in bankruptcy prediction, Ohlson\u27s (1980) nine-factor logistic regression (logit) model. Sample data consisting of manufacturing and industrial firms is drawn from the Compustat database in a 20:1 ratio of nonbankrupt to bankrupt firms, consistent with Ohlson\u27s (1980) proportions. Three CBR models representing one, two, and three years before bankruptcy are designed and developed using a CBR development tool, ReMind. Cross-validation is done using a 10% in-period holdout sample as well as a holdout sample of firms from outside the period from which the model is constructed. Three logit models based on Ohlson (1980) representing one, two, and three years before bankruptcy are constructed. The usefulness of the CBR system is determined by examination of type I and type II error rates. Chi-square statistics are used to compare the predictive accuracy of the three CBR models with the three logit models. The results indicate that the CBR method using ReMind is not useful in predicting corporate bankruptcy. It is believed that the small sample of bankrupt firms (relative to the sample size of nonbankrupt firms) contributes to the failure of these CBR models to accurately predict bankruptcy. Compared with two other studies that also use ReMind as development tools, there is evidence that the algorithm in ReMind does not accommodate small sample sizes. The results also indicate that CBR is not more accurate than the Ohlson (1980) logit model. Ohlson\u27s (1980) logit models attain a much higher accuracy rate than the CBR models and appear to be more stable over time than the CBR models

Characterization of Somatically-Eliminated Genes During Development of the Sea Lamprey (\u3cem\u3ePetromyzon marinus\u3c/em\u3e)

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) undergoes programmed genome rearrangements (PGRs) during early development that facilitate the elimination of ~20% of the genome from the somatic cell lineage, resulting in distinct somatic and germline genomes. To improve our understanding of the evolutionary/developmental logic of PGR, we generated computational predictions to identify candidate germline-specific genes within a transcriptomic dataset derived from adult germline and the embryonic stages encompassing PGR. Validation studies identified 44 germline-specific genes and characterized patterns of transcription and DNA loss during early embryogenesis. Expression analyses reveal that several of these genes are differentially expressed during early embryogenesis and presumably function in early development of the germline. Ontology analyses indicate that many of these genes play known roles in germline development, pluripotency, and oncogenesis (when misexpressed). These studies provide support for the theory that PGR serves to segregate molecular functions related to germline development/pluripotency in order to prevent their potential misexpression in somatic cells. This larger set of eliminated genes also allows us to extend the evolutionary/developmental breadth of this theory, as some deleted genes (or their gnathostome homologs) appear to be associated with the early development of somatic lineages, perhaps through the evolution of novel functions within gnathostome lineages

Narrative Review of Artificial Sweeteners and their Role in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: Clinical and Policy Implications

Despite the relative consistency of recommendations from national health organizations, the safety of AS consumption is controversial. For every study or review that indicates AS are safe and healthy to consume there is an opposing study that concludes the evidence is inconclusive. Given the prevalence of diabetes in the US and the severity of its complications, it is important for clinical practitioners and dietitians to use the most up-to-date research to guide nutrition recommendations for patients living with this chronic disease. Given the scope of the medical literature, practitioners will reasonably rely on the data summaries and formal recommendations of national organizations. In this review we will 1) qualitatively asses the evidence cited by the AND, AHA, and ADA in their recommendations for AS consumption and 2) evaluate the rapidly growing body of literature on AS that may run counter to conclusions of studies forming the basis of nutrition recommendations. We will end with a discussion of the implications these findings have for individuals living with diabetes as well as the dietitians charged with their care.Master of Public Healt

In consideration of latino children: a sociocultural perspective of literacy skills development using literature circles

This article, refl ecting a sociocultural perspective and connections to current research, presents a discussion about the importance of engaging Latino children in literature circle discussions using culturally appropriate, meaningful, and relevant childrenʼs literature in classrooms in the United States. In addition, teachers are encouraged to be refl ective practitioners and to consider a “funds of knowledge” perspective by taking time to understand the literacy practices of the families at home and how they may contribute to success in school for Latino children.Desde una perspectiva sociocultural que relaciona investigaciones actuales este artículo presenta una discusión sobre la importancia de involucrar a niños Latinos en discusiones de círculos de literatura que usan la literatura de niños culturalmente apropiada, signifi cativa, y relevante en aulas en los Estados Unidos. Además, los profesores son animados a ser practicantes refl exivos y a pensar que una perspectiva pedagógica basada en “los fondos de conocimiento” de los niños que consideran las prácticas de lectoescritura de las familias en casa pueden contribuir al éxito del aprendizaje y la escolaridad de los niños Latinos

The Oregon Profile: Advancing the Best Practices

This Oregon case study/profile presents findings from an evaluation that aimed to understand how evidence-based guidelines were disseminated, adopted, and used within state tobacco control programs.https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cphss/1056/thumbnail.jp

The Texas Profile: Merging Best Practices from Two Sides

This Texas case study/profile presents findings from an evaluation that aimed to understand how evidence-based guidelines were disseminated, adopted, and used within state tobacco control programs.https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cphss/1039/thumbnail.jp

A comparative analysis of discourses shaping physical education provision within and across the UK

Set within the context of a longitudinal project that seeks to engage physical education teachers from the four countries of the UK in cross-border curriculum analysis, dialogue and learning, the current study lays the foundation by mapping and comparing curriculum discourses that currently shape how physical education is conceptualised in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. As a team of researchers with affiliations to each of the four nations of the UK, we identified those curriculum documents from each context that were written to directly inform physical education teachers’ curriculum planning and enactment. We firstly identified those discourses evident in each document to understand how physical education is conceptualised within each curriculum, before engaging in a dialogical process that converged around how physical education is constructed similarly or differently within and across curricula. We found some variation in relation to how the concept of health is articulated. With the exception of the curriculum in Wales, we also found that performance discourses related to developing motor competencies for sports continue to dominate as the main purpose of physical education. Finally, there are several points of divergence in relation to how much agency or guidance teachers are afforded within each curriculum. The intention of this research is to initiate dialogue across each of the four nations, creating opportunities for learning so that, collectively, teachers can build capacity to contribute to future curricula and pedagogies in physical education