2,562 research outputs found
Belief as Willingness to Bet
We investigate modal logics of high probability having two unary modal
operators: an operator expressing probabilistic certainty and an operator
expressing probability exceeding a fixed rational threshold . Identifying knowledge with the former and belief with the latter, we may
think of as the agent's betting threshold, which leads to the motto "belief
is willingness to bet." The logic for has an
modality along with a sub-normal modality that extends
the minimal modal logic by way of four schemes relating
and , one of which is a complex scheme arising out of a theorem due to
Scott. Lenzen was the first to use Scott's theorem to show that a version of
this logic is sound and complete for the probability interpretation. We
reformulate Lenzen's results and present them here in a modern and accessible
form. In addition, we introduce a new epistemic neighborhood semantics that
will be more familiar to modern modal logicians. Using Scott's theorem, we
provide the Lenzen-derivative properties that must be imposed on finite
epistemic neighborhood models so as to guarantee the existence of a probability
measure respecting the neighborhood function in the appropriate way for
threshold . This yields a link between probabilistic and modal
neighborhood semantics that we hope will be of use in future work on modal
logics of qualitative probability. We leave open the question of which
properties must be imposed on finite epistemic neighborhood models so as to
guarantee existence of an appropriate probability measure for thresholds
.Comment: Removed date from v1 to avoid confusion on citation/reference,
otherwise identical to v
RRx-001, an epigenetic-based radio- and chemosensitizer, has vascular normalizing effects on SCCVII and U87 tumors.
BackgroundThe tumor-specific microregional effects of the anticancer agent RRx-001, a novel epigenetic-based radio/chemosensitizer with nitrogen oxide-donating properties in phase II clinical trials, were investigated with whole tissue section quantitative immunohistological staining in mouse SCCVII and human U87 tumors.ResultsSCCVII tumors exhibited regions of intermittent perfusion exemplified by co-localization of vessels with the hypoxia marker pimonidazole commonly occurring throughout the tissue. A moderate increase in perfusion (21 to 28 %) was observed after a bolus dose of the perivascular stain DiOC7(3), however, with the absence of an increase in tissue oxygenation. U87 tumors showed an absence of blood flow over large areas of treated tumors after dosing with RRx-001. However, these areas did not become necrotic and returned to near normal levels after 12 h. No significant change in tumor hypoxia was seen at 90 min or 12 h. For both tumor types, RRx-001 treatment resulted in the loss of perfusion in the large regions of the tumor; however, at the 12-h time point, both tumor types showed an increase in vessel perfusion but no significant decrease in hypoxia.ConclusionsThese data suggest a redistribution of blood flow within the tumor for both tumor types akin to vascular normalization. Differences between the tumors were related to tumor architecture and distribution of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RRx-001 shows promise for short-term blood flow redistribution in tumors with a pericyte- and α-SMA-rich vasculature. Expression of α-SMA in tumor vasculature could therefore be useful for predicting tumor response to RRx-001
A toy model of black hole complementarity
We consider the algebra of simple operators defined in a time band in a CFT
with a holographic dual. When the band is smaller than the light crossing time
of AdS, an entire causal diamond in the center of AdS is separated from the
band by a horizon. We show that this algebra obeys a version of the
Reeh-Schlieder theorem: the action of the algebra on the CFT vacuum can
approximate any low energy state in the CFT arbitrarily well, but no operator
within the algebra can exactly annihilate the vacuum. We show how to relate
local excitations in the complement of the central diamond to simple operators
in the band. Local excitations within the diamond are invisible to the algebra
of simple operators in the band by causality, but can be related to complicated
operators called "precursors". We use the Reeh-Schlieder theorem to write down
a simple and explicit formula for these precursors on the boundary. We comment
on the implications of our results for black hole complementarity and the
emergence of bulk locality from the boundary.Comment: 24 page
The Essential Unity of Whitman\u27s \u3ci\u3eLeaves of Grass\u3c/i\u3e, 1855: The Personality Projected
The thesis of this paper is that the essential unity of Whitman\u27s Leaves of Grass, 1855 derives from the personality projected.
Up to the present, critics have failed to agree on any single principle of unity in the first poem of Leaves of Grass, 1855, or in the book as a whole. Yet Whitman himself indicated on various occasions over a long span of years that the projection of a personality was his intent. Further, he indicated that this personality could then be utilized for various purposes, most notably he could exploit it to promulge his philosophy.
The unity of the twelve Leaves in Leaves of Grass, 1855 is the psychological unity which comes from there being one speaker present throughout the twelve poems, who presents himself and his philosophy to a listener/reader much as he would to a confidante - his thoughts, ideas, visions tumble forth in a non-logical order.
The unity of the personality is shown by examining the speaker in the first Leaf in terms of ten significant personality facets, successively, each as through a filter. The first Leaf projects the basic personality which is then expanded and amplified in each of the other eleven Leaves, illuminating the psychological continuity ranging across the twelve poems. The person Whitman projected in the poems thinks, speaks, and acts consistently within the limits of a living personality\u27s idiosyncratic nature and hence provides the essential unity of the book
A simple proof of the non-uniform Kahn-Kalai conjecture
We revisit the Kahn-Kalai conjecture, recently proved in striking fashion by
Park and Pham, and present a slightly reformulated simple proof which has a few
advantages: (1) it works for non-uniform product measures, (2) it gives
near-optimal bounds even for sampling probabilities close to 1, (3) it gives a
clean bound of for every -bounded set
system,
High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANs
We present a new method for synthesizing high-resolution photo-realistic
images from semantic label maps using conditional generative adversarial
networks (conditional GANs). Conditional GANs have enabled a variety of
applications, but the results are often limited to low-resolution and still far
from realistic. In this work, we generate 2048x1024 visually appealing results
with a novel adversarial loss, as well as new multi-scale generator and
discriminator architectures. Furthermore, we extend our framework to
interactive visual manipulation with two additional features. First, we
incorporate object instance segmentation information, which enables object
manipulations such as removing/adding objects and changing the object category.
Second, we propose a method to generate diverse results given the same input,
allowing users to edit the object appearance interactively. Human opinion
studies demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing methods,
advancing both the quality and the resolution of deep image synthesis and
editing.Comment: v2: CVPR camera ready, adding more results for edge-to-photo example
Partial response to carboplatin in an RRx-001 pretreated patient with EGFR-inhibitor-resistance and T790M-negative NSCLC.
Few therapeutic options are available for T790M-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of primary epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and chemotherapy. This report presents the case of a 71-year-old Asian female never smoker with EGFR mutated T790M negative non squamous cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pre-treated with the experimental epi-immunotherapeutic agent, RRx-001, that re-responded to single agent carboplatin after failure of platinum doublets, TKIs, pemetrexed and nivolumab. The management of advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC is briefly reviewed herein and the emerging paradigm of episensitization, which contradicts the long-standing and widely accepted tenet about the immutability of resistance and the futility of therapeutic rechallenge, is introduced as a strategy to avert treatment failure and thereby stave off deterioration and death
Evidence synthesis on the occurrence, causes, consequences, prevention and management of bullying and harassment behaviours to inform decision making in the NHS
Background
Workplace bullying is a persistent problem in the NHS with negative implications for individuals, teams, and organisations. Bullying is a complex phenomenon and there is a lack of evidence on the best approaches to manage the problem.
Aims
Research questions
What is known about the occurrence, causes, consequences and management of bullying and inappropriate behaviour in the workplace?
Objectives
Summarise the reported prevalence of workplace bullying and inappropriate behaviour.
Summarise the empirical evidence on the causes and consequences of workplace bullying and inappropriate behaviour.
Describe any theoretical explanations of the causes and consequences of workplace bullying and inappropriate behaviour.
Synthesise evidence on the preventative and management interventions that address workplace bullying interventions and inappropriate behaviour.
Methods
To fulfil a realist synthesis approach the study was designed across four interrelated component parts:
Part 1: A narrative review of the prevalence, causes and consequences of workplace bullying
Part 2: A systematic literature search and realist review of workplace bullying interventions
Part 3: Consultation with international bullying experts and practitioners
Part 4: Identification of case studies and examples of good practic
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