76 research outputs found
Activation of plasma protien systems and blood cells in neonatal repiratory sistress syndrome
Activation of plasma protien systems and blood cells in neonatal repiratory sistress syndrome
Near-field Electrical Detection of Optical Plasmons and Single Plasmon Sources
Photonic circuits can be much faster than their electronic counterparts, but
they are difficult to miniaturize below the optical wavelength scale. Nanoscale
photonic circuits based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPs) are a promising
solution to this problem because they can localize light below the diffraction
limit. However, there is a general tradeoff between the localization of an SP
and the efficiency with which it can be detected with conventional far-field
optics. Here we describe a new all-electrical SP detection technique based on
the near-field coupling between guided plasmons and a nanowire field-effect
transistor. We use the technique to electrically detect the plasmon emission
from an individual colloidal quantum dot coupled to an SP waveguide. Our
detectors are both nanoscale and highly efficient (0.1 electrons/plasmon), and
a plasmonic gating effect can be used to amplify the signal even higher (up to
50 electrons/plasmon). These results enable new on-chip optical sensing
applications and are a key step towards "dark" optoplasmonic nanocircuits in
which SPs can be generated, manipulated, and detected without involving
far-field radiation.Comment: manuscript followed by supplementary informatio
A synthesis of cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements within the EUCAARI network
Cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements performed at 14 locations around the world within the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) framework have been analysed and discussed with respect to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation and hygroscopic properties of the atmospheric aerosol. The annual mean ratio of activated cloud condensation nuclei (N-CCN) to the total number concentration of particles (N-CN), known as the activated fraction A, shows a similar functional dependence on supersaturation S at many locations - exceptions to this being certain marine locations, a free troposphere site and background sites in south-west Germany and northern Finland. The use of total number concentration of particles above 50 and 100 nm diameter when calculating the activated fractions (A(50) and A(100), respectively) renders a much more stable dependence of A on S; A(50) and A(100) also reveal the effect of the size distribution on CCN activation. With respect to chemical composition, it was found that the hygroscopicity of aerosol particles as a function of size differs among locations. The hygroscopicity parameter kappa decreased with an increasing size at a continental site in south-west Germany and fluctuated without any particular size dependence across the observed size range in the remote tropical North Atlantic and rural central Hungary. At all other locations kappa increased with size. In fact, in Hyytiala, Vavihill, Jungfraujoch and Pallas the difference in hygroscopicity between Aitken and accumulation mode aerosol was statistically significant at the 5% significance level. In a boreal environment the assumption of a size-independent kappa can lead to a potentially substantial overestimation of N-CCN at S levels above 0.6 %. The same is true for other locations where kappa was found to increase with size. While detailed information about aerosol hygroscopicity can significantly improve the prediction of N-CCN, total aerosol number concentration and aerosol size distribution remain more important parameters. The seasonal and diurnal patterns of CCN activation and hygroscopic properties vary among three long-term locations, highlighting the spatial and temporal variability of potential aerosol-cloud interactions in various environments.Peer reviewe
Activation of plasma protien systems and blood cells in neonatal repiratory sistress syndrome
SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION (SI) IN THE SEVERE IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (IRDS)
Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Polyethylenimine-graft-Poly(ethylene glycol) Block Copolymers as a Delivery System for Oligonucleotides and Ribozymes
Activation of the Plasma Clotting, Fibrinolytic, and Kinin-Kallikrein System in Preterm Infants with Severe Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Size quantization in small colloidal CdS particles studied with stopped flow spectrometry
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