Identification, assessment and prioritization of ecotoxicological risks on the scale of a territory: Application to WWTP discharges in a geographical area located in northeast Lyon, France

International audienceThe ecotoxicological risk assessment methodologies developed up to now mainly focus on local pollution and do not incorporate an evaluation and prioritization of the different risk situations present in the same territory. This article presents the different phases of formulating an innovative methodology developed to ␣ll this gap, and its application to all the 18 WasteWater Treatment Plants (WWTP) of a geographical area located northeast of Lyon, France. The aim was also take into account emerging pol- lutants that are very often “forgotten” in ecotoxicological risk assessments. The results of the study show the extreme diversity of the ecotoxicity of the pollutants present in discharges, with “minimum” PNEC values in the region of a millionth of a microgram (10␣6 mg/l) and “maximum” PNEC values in the region of several tens of micrograms. They also show very considerable diversity of the ␣ows of the receiving watercourses in the territory concerned (from several m3/s to 600 m3/s). The Risk Quotients (RQ) resulting from these 2 datasets, calculated for each WWTP and for each of the 10 pollutants most implicated in ecotoxicological risks (Diclofenac, Amoxicillin, Trimethoprim, Roxithromycin, 17b-estradiol, 17a-Ethynylestradiol, Estrone, Nonylphenol, Octylphenol, Nickel, et NH␣4 ), vary from 0.000002 to 187.7 when using the median concentration values of these pollutants, and from 0.000007 to 3750 when using their maximum concentration values. Globally, they show that: (1) the risks are higher for small streams that receive WWTP discharges of average size, (2) the risks are low to very low for discharges into watercourses with high ␣ow rates

L’homme et sa diversité

Qu’est-ce que l’anthropologie biologique ? Science des interactions entre l'homme et son milieu, l'anthropologie biologique aborde les grands questionnements actuels sur notre espèce : Comment l'homme s'adapte-t-il aux changements rapides de mode de vie et d'alimentation ? Quelle est l'influence des migrations sur l'évolution des flux géniques ? À quelles modifications morphologiques ou physiologiques éventuelles du corps humain assiste-t-on à l'heure actuelle ? Des spécialistes issus des différents domaines concernés confrontent ici leurs points de vue, et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche

Burden of infectious disease studies in Europe and the United Kingdom: a review of methodological design choices

This systematic literature review aimed to provide an overview of the characteristics and methods used in studies applying the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) concept for infectious diseases within European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)/European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries and the United Kingdom. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles reporting the assessment of DALY and its components. We considered studies in which researchers performed DALY calculations using primary epidemiological data input sources. We screened 3053 studies of which 2948 were excluded and 105 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 22 were multi-country and 83 were single-country studies, of which 46 were from the Netherlands. Food- and water-borne diseases were the most frequently studied infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2022, the number of burden of infectious disease studies was 1.6 times higher compared to that published between 2000 and 2014. Almost all studies (97%) estimated DALYs based on the incidence- and pathogen-based approach and without social weighting functions; however, there was less methodological consensus with regards to the disability weights and life tables that were applied. The number of burden of infectious disease studies undertaken across Europe has increased over time. Development and use of guidelines will promote performing burden of infectious disease studies and facilitate comparability of the results